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Coat of Arms for Nursing, 2008.
This paper discusses that a coat of arms is an ideal way of representing the key qualities of nursing.
1,461 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes than when attempting to characterize nursing, one immediately considers the quality of caring, and rightly so. Caring is the core or heart of nursing, and is also regarded as a moral ideal. The writer points out that nursing can be viewed as heroism and the ultimate in humanitarian ideals when we think of Florence Nightingale and the origins of the nursing profession. Nurses tend to be passionate about their beliefs which allow them to be deeply committed to their patients and profession. Nurses also believe in continuous learning and in keeping informed of new research that is developing. In this paper, the writer identifies the most significant characteristics of nursing and then isolates the key qualities that can be represented by a coat of arms for the nursing profession.
From the Paper
"The main quality that marks nursing from other professions is caring and compassion. All candidates who aspire to nursing must have a concern for other human beings and their well-being. Not only is nursing aware of the need for caring, but the public also identifies nursing with this quality. However, caring is not just emotion but is structured because it is based on theory and is scientific and disciplined. Nurses are highly trained and must be competent to do their work. Caring is actually quite a complex matter and a great deal of theory has been devoted to the concept."
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Patient Autonomy, 2008.
This paper discusses the patient's right to refuse medications.
788 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that a patient has the right to refuse medical treatment of any kind, no matter how serious the consequences may be. The paper discusses how nurses have the necessary competence to succeed in gaining the patient's compliance. The paper looks at strategies the nurses utilize to gain compliance that not only respect patient autonomy but strengthen the relationship between nurse and patient.
From the Paper
"According to Beauchamp and Childress (2001, p. 58), "personal autonomy is, at minimum, self-rule that is free from both controlling interference by others and from limitations, such as inadequate understanding that prevent meaningful choice". Immediately the question arises about whether certain patients are just not capable of meaningful choice. For example, patients with dementia and certain psychiatric problems would not seem to be able to make good decisions. However, hospitalization itself interferes with autonomy. Because of autonomy, each patient needs to be respected as well as being involved in all care decisions. In addition, each patient's independence is to be encouraged (Harris, 2005). The patient needs to be able to engage in reasoning, understanding, and making an independent decision. Even patients in mental institutions who have been declared legally incompetent are still able to make a number of autonomous choices including refusing to take medication (Wirshing, et al., 1998,)."
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Nutrition and Wound Healing, 2008.
This paper discusses the importance of nutrition in wound healing.
1,334 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of nurses understanding the process of wound healing and including nutritional interventions in their care plans. The paper relates that the patient must have a diet that is rich in protein, carbohydrates, lipids, Vitamins A and C, along with various minerals and explains that different nutritional needs are essential for each stage of wound healing. The paper looks at high risk patients; those with diabetes, older patients and those on dialysis.
Outline:
Introduction
Wound Healing and Nutrition
Pressure Ulcers
Patients at High Risk
The Nurse's Role
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Nutrition plays an essential role in the pathology of wound healing because it allows for optimal healing. In addition, wounds cause an increase in body metabolism that can lead to extensive weight loss and a reduction in lean muscle mass, which then impairs wound healing (Nelson, 2003). Proper nutrition allows the body to regain its balance. Nurses need to understand the process of wound healing and include nutritional interventions in their care plans. Wound healing consists of three interrelated phases: inflammation; the proliferative stage; and a process of remodeling (Leininger, 2002). Different nutritional needs are essential for each stage of wound healing."
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Self-Care Management for Vulnerable Populations, 2008.
A critique of the theory of self-care management for vulnerable populations and its practical application for those afflicted with sickle cell disease.
1,162 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Coretta Dorsey and Carolyn Murdaugh's theory of self-care management for vulnerable populations, in particular those afflicted with sickle cell disease. It begins by reviewing sickle cell disease. It then explores the five intra-personal factors to empower the less privileged of society with the personal tools to combat the adverse symptoms of the affliction. The paper compares the practical application of the theory to similar theories and finally provides a critical judgment on the theory.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Critique of the Theory of Self-Care Management for Vulnerable Populations
From the Paper
"The theory that Self-Care Management will increase health status and quality of life while reducing the urgent need for crisis episode intervention appears to be superficially self-evident. The basic concept of a good positive mental outlook, coupled together with increased self-esteem, armed with knowledge and a supportive social network is the recipe for success in most self-help seminars. This is generally accepted as true, and the authors of the theory provide of their theory through extensive research references, not the anecdotal testimonies associated with the above referenced seminars. Further, comparison to these self-help gurus is not meant to diminish the theory, or bring disrepute, the parallels are draw because, by a large part, those that properly practice these self-help techniques are successful in their endeavors. These intra-personal factors can be applied to any adverse personal circumstance, health related or other. The research is as sound as it is extensive, however the practical application of the theory is where the proponents made what may be fatal errors."
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Overcrowding in the ER, 2008.
This paper discusses that overcrowding in the ER causes a negative impact on health care delivery.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that emergency room overcrowding comprises one of the most crucial issues confronting hospitals all over North America. This problem is so serious that it has attained crisis proportions. The writer maintains that the stress created for patients, ER staff, and the hospital amounts to a vicious circle that has no solution. The writer points out that the scope of the impact of overcrowding in the emergency department becomes clear when it is realized that the emergency department is the only publicly mandated, guaranteed access to healthcare provided for 44 million persons in the United States who lack health insurance. The writer maintains that emergency room overcrowding jeopardizes the quality of patient care and places patients at high risk of treatment delays or inadequate care. The writer concludes that the issue can only be partially and inadequately addressed in the ER itself as the problem is systemic and extends over the entire health care organization, its funding and the way that resources have been distributed.
From the Paper
"Emergency department overcrowding which is combined with heavy emergency resource demand has led to a variety of problems, including ambulance refusals, prolonged patient waiting times, and rushed and unpleasant treatment environments. The most serious outcome involves potentially poor patient outcomes. Inordinate stress on institutional resources and ER overcrowding can jeopardize the hospital's ability to respond to community emergencies and disasters. In addition, physicians and other health care providers often find it difficult to maintain their work effectiveness under such strained conditions. Scarce resource and overcrowding tend to reduce professional effectiveness and job satisfaction among ER staff. Overcrowding increases the likelihood of medical errors as well as possibility of patients leaving prior to receiving essential treatment. At the same time, overcrowded conditions and scarcity of resources are not uniform across all emergency departments because varying sets of limiting factors are at work."
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Medicare in Canada, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of privatized health care in Canada.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer points out that the vast majority of opinion about privatized health care in Canada is firmly against such a proposal. At the same time, there are also a number of very strong arguments put forward in favor of privatization. The writer discusses that in some ways the question is misleading because privatization already is at work in parts of Canada, and the country has a mixed system. The most negative views come from critics who focus on the costly and inefficient privatized system in the United States. At the same time, the Canadian universal health care system has been plagued for years by problems between the federal government and the various provinces related to financing and delivery. The writer notes that Medicare in Canada is also proving to be inefficient and costly, and is a source of division between the federal and provincial governments. The Canadian system is held as an ideal because of the principles of health care. The writer argues that what is needed in Canada is reform of Medicare which could take the form of privatization or a mixture of private and public.
From the Paper
"Privatization, according to the CHC, will actually increase wait times for health services more than ever, and will also drive health care costs up. All those services which are of better quality would be provided privately simply because there would be more plentiful resources. There also would be a fundamental change to public resources which would be used to subsidize the private system.
"One argument for privatization in Canada is that the five principles originating in the Canada Health Act of 1984 no longer apply because of new trends in care delivery. According to Lewis and Donaldson, ever since the 1960s, fewer and fewer health services have been governed by the rules of Medicare. The logical course to take consists of a free market approach by which health care is a commodity; this would result in a more efficient system. Privatization actually has several meanings, and the Canadian health care system actually has operated as a combination of both public and private."
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Theory of Human Becoming, 2008.
An analysis of Dr Rosemarie Parse's definitions of healing and health in her theory of human becoming.
1,046 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Dr Rosemarie Parse's theory of human becoming and how it relates to the writer's personal nursing practice. It looks at Parse's views on the nature of human health and healing and her stress on the role of individuals in their health and lives. The paper discusses how the writer has learned the importance of the patient as the center of care and to always view the patient as the authority on his or her health.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Person as Moving towards Health and Healing
Parse's Definition of Health
Health and Healing and the Goal of Nursing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As a result of Parse's theory, I am convinced that the goal of my own nursing practice should be enhanced quality of life for each patient as they perceive and experience that quality of life. The person is an active participant whose goal is not related to either health or illness but quality of life. Because of Parse, I will never set myself up as an expert for the patient. Parse's theory has been tested through research and found to be most beneficial with AIDS patients. The theory is applicable for any group of patients. In my own practice, Parse's theory is will be very useful for providing direction for such nursing actions as developing a therapeutic relationship with each patient as well as with such interventions as health teaching, counseling and, above all, exploring meaning with patients. The theory of human becoming is most valuable since it provides a clear structure for approaching and being present to patients while they struggle with the issue of quality of life in their lives."
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Acute Care Nurse Practitioner, 2008.
This paper looks at business and legal considerations for the acute care nurse practitioner.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer explains that the legal definition of a nurse practitioner differs between states and that the scope of practice of a nurse practitioner also varies considerably from one state to another. The writer also points out that as all nurse practitioners in every state perform physician services in critical care, they must conform to their particular state's requirements. The writer then points out that while Medicare requires that a nurse practitioner be authorized, under state law, to perform any service that is billed, state laws governing nurse practitioners' scope of practice differ to a significant degree. The writer maintains that numerous hospitals and other facilities are uninformed about the rules and procedures related to billing for nurse practitioners' services. The writer concludes that while research has indicated that nurse practitioners provide the same quality of care in acute care settings as do physicians, the same demands are made on them with the potential for legal problems.
From the Paper
"The nurse practitioner's services are reimbursed through the facility fee or Diagnostic Related Group payment to the hospital. The main opportunities for billing nurse practitioner services are located in evaluation and management procedure codes. While the patient pays 20 percent of the physician fee schedule rate, Medicare pays 85 percent of 80 percent of the Physician Fee Schedule rate for physician services billed under a nurse practitioner's provider number. The American College of Nurse Practitioners maintains that this problem is the result of a problematic annual update formula so that Medicare payments to all providers of services are threatened with reductions each year. Since nurse practitioners receive just 85 percent of the reimbursement that physicians obtain, the reductions are substantial. Within the current system, payment updates for providers are linked with the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth."
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Ambulatory Surgery Centers, 2008.
This paper explores ambulatory surgery centers and the services they provide.
1,252 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper defines ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) as medical facilities specializing in elective same-day or outpatient surgical procedures. The paper discusses the licensing requirements set by state regulation for ASCs and their possibility of being accredited by Medicare. The paper attributes the widespread use of ASCs to their safety, licensure and certification, service, efficiencies to minimize wait times, staff specialization, increased focus on patients and cost savings. The paper then looks at the challenges faced by ASCs.
Outline:
Analysis of the Health Service Setting
Challenges & Opportunities
From the Paper
"Ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) can be defined as medical facilities specializing in elective same-day or outpatient surgical procedures. These facilities do not offer emergency care but only elective care. The word ambulatory is derived from the Latin verb ambulare, meaning "to walk," and so the patients treated in these surgical centers do not need to be admitted to a hospital and are well able to go home after the procedure. Ambulatory surgical centers are sometimes called surgicenters. By 2003, there were some 3,700 ambulatory surgical centers in the United States, a major increase over the 275 in 1980 and the 1,450 in 1990."
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Breast Cancer Group, 2008.
This paper discusses the structure of a breast cancer support group and also looks at the similar features of a church group.
924 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the various stages of a breast cancer support group, with an eye towards illustrating each phase by briefly discussing the experiences of a family member who entered into such a group. As well, the second part of the paper looks at how church membership or church groups have many of the same features as support groups - and many of the same inter-personal problems. In the final analysis, the paper concludes that a successful group finds a way to incorporate new ideas into an old structure (or will remodel that structure as need be) so that tensions can be eliminated and common goals pursued.
Outline:
Abstract
Paper One
Paper Two
References
From the Paper
"The "norming" period is the period wherein the initial discomfort in meeting with strangers to discuss such a painful topic begins to give way to one in which people begin to establish relationships and a level of trust. Furthermore, a collective sense of purpose and a sense of what activities will achieve that purpose are finally, conclusively, introduced and become established within the group. During my relative's tenure as a member of a support group, she made an effort to build relationships and she also collaborated with others as the group sought to come up with activities that would foster togetherness while also educating the members on how they could get the most out of life despite their illness. It was certainly not easy building such friendships (many of the members were reserved and scared) but the effort was ultimately worth it."
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Fiscal Management in an Intensive Care Unit, 2007.
This paper is a case study demonstrating fiscal management through variance analysis for an intensive care unit.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, currently, major activities need to be taken into consideration so that the budget for the intensive care unit can be reconfigured or some activities can be deferred to the new fiscal year. The author relates that issues relating to safety standards and staff education increase overall productivity, which improves the quality of care within the intensive care unit. The paper points out that next fiscal year budget should have personnel divided by functionality to make budget allocations indicative of different staffing activities. The author suggests that, in an intensive care unit, it is imperative that supplies are kept in stock or there can be serious legal and financial implications; therefore, there should always be padding for this area provided in the budget. The paper includes a variance table showing the current reallocation of the budget, which addresses the important factors within the intensive care unit without increasing the budget.
Table of Contents
Expenses
Conference on High Risk Medications
High Risk Medications
"Smart Pumps"
Supplies Expenses
Personnel Budget
Table 1: Reallocation Process: Intensive Care Unit Budget Adjustment
Major Fiscal Concerns and Recommendations
Table 2: Variance Analysis
From the Paper
"The traveling or staff education budget will not allow the all three nurse to attend the seminar this fiscal year, since the budget remaining in these categories is $700 and $400 respectively. However, one of the nurses can be registered for the conference this year (and take advantage of the $200 registration fee), while the other the attendance of the other two nurses get deferred to the new fiscal year. This decision was based on the nature of the seminar, and the fact that the nurse's attendance will possibly have a 'spillover' effect and create a positive externality within other sectors of the intensive care unit via."
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Alternative Medicine, 2008.
This paper explores the field of alternative medicine.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the differences between alternative medicine and complimentary medicine and discusses the widespread creation of fraudulent "cures" that exist across the globe. The paper discusses government regulation and the varying structures of alternative medical practices. The paper looks at the challenges facing the alternative medicine field and concludes that scientific research will aid in changing the many negative opinions of physicians and their patients.
Outline:
Overview
Analysis of Health Service Setting
Challenges
From the Paper
"Alternative medicine can be defined as medicine that is outside of the realm of traditional medical practices, but that is safe a proven to be effective ("What Is", 2006, sec. 2). Alternative medicine is different than complimentary medicine in that alternative medicine is used instead of traditional practices, while complementary medicine in used in conjunction with traditional practices. In some cases, however, alternative medicine can also be considered as complementary medicine. This has been especially true in relation to Chinese Traditional Medicine. An example of this could be the use of acupuncture by a cancer patient that is undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, but that uses acupuncture as a means of reducing the pain or discomfort associated with the treatments. Yet, acupuncture itself can be used as an alternative medicine for many patients that desire to undergo this type of whole body treatment in place of traditional medical practices."
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Hardiness in Health, 2008.
This paper focuses on a case study that highlights the concept of hardiness in an individual's recovery from a stroke.
1,333 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes how Mr. T and his wife were able to confront their numerous problems by effective use of the concept of hardiness. The paper explains hardiness as referring to the ability of certain individuals to withstand the effects of stress which are potentially damaging to health. The paper discusses the interaction of three sub-concepts of hardiness; control, commitment and challenge.
From the Paper
"The concept which is most relevant to this client's lived experience of his illness is hardiness. Brooks (2003) explains that hardiness originally was an agricultural concept used to explain the ability of various plants to withstand environmental conditions. One way of understanding hardiness in people is that some can experience high levels of stress without falling ill because they have a personality structure different from people who become ill under stress; this unique personality characteristic is hardiness (Brooks, 2003). Research has repeatedly demonstrated that hardiness functions as a mediator in the stress-illness response. Hardiness can also be termed as psychological toughness and determination to continue, and to be willing to meet stress and hardship. Based on existential personality theory, the hardiness characteristic has been identified as a personality resource that buffers the effect of stress (Brooks, 2003)."
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Community Health Care, 2008.
This paper discusses community health care, focusing on the city of Lacey, Washington.
1,611 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the issue of community health in the city of Lacey, Washington. The writer explains that Lacey is located in Thurston County and has an approximate population of just over 31,000 people. The writer notes that the average income within the city is $43,000 and there is a diverse population comprised of primarily white, Black, American-Indian and Asian individuals. The writer points out that hospitals within the area have been tasked with providing care for this population and in recent years the issue of charity care has been increasing in Lacey and the surrounding communities. The writer maintains that this has become a local issue because of the cost of care that is absorbed by the hospitals, the care that is received in emergency rooms that should be provided for in community health centers, and the inability of impoverished people to receive the full scope of care that is needed to address their health care concerns.
From the Paper
"Although there are other community health clinics in the surrounding areas, the residents of Lacey have this alternative to emergency room care as their sole choice in regular health care, other than the hospital systems that exist in the county.
"The program creation with funding from Senator Murray's financial allotment will ultimately only serve the community by providing coordination of health care services between the hospitals and those in need of medical treatment. This program will not ensure, however, that low income and impoverished people will be capable of having consistent health care throughout the community. Given the fact that under RCW 70.170.060 there is a requirement for alternative community health care to be developed, the minimal existence of this community health care adversely impacts the population. This is evident in the extensive costs associated with charity care that continue to rise in the county and the continued reliance of the impoverished population on emergency room care in the county."
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The Risk Society and Food Consumption, 2008.
This paper explores the role of alternative food systems as risk management.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the theme of the "risk society" in respect to food production and distribution. The paper defines the term "risk society" and looks at how decisions are made to ignore risks in order to benefit from the overall convenience gained through using a commercialized food distribution system. The paper discusses the specific risks associated with commercialized agriculture. The paper points out how some consumers avoid these risks through engaging in alternative food acquisition systems, such as purchasing organic products or buying food through community supported agriculture organizations.
Outline:
Introduction
The Theme of the Risk Society
Risk Society and the Rationale for Alternative Food Supplies
Examples of Alternative Food Supplies
Summary
From the Paper
"Mainstreamed, commercialized food distribution tends to be a heavily industrialized process. When food is treated like a commodity, it is purposefully marketed towards potential consumers and made available through specific modes of sale, such as supermarkets and restaurants. This process does help facilitate the movement of food through transportation and improves access to food products among those consumers who are in proximity to local points of distribution. However, some social scientists suggest that it is easy to confuse the aspects of convenience with those of safety, especially when it is frequently argued that a centralized system of food distribution enables ease of access for monitoring food product safety through the use of independent government oversight (e.g.: the Food and Drug Administration). In this sense, it can be argued that these perceptions of commercialized food purposefully ignore the risks that are associated with convenient food distribution."
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