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End-Stage Renal Disease, 2008.
This paper discuses end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is the point of no return of chronic renal disease (CRD) regardless of etiology.
765 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represents irreversible damage to the nephrons, the functioning filtration units of the kidney. The author points out that this stage is generally accepted clinically as the complete dependence of the patient on life-preserving dialysis or kidney transplantation for adequate waste filtration due to this irreversible damage. The paper relates that the definitive treatment of ESRD is the initiation of dialysis (peritoneal or hemodialysis) or renal transplantation with control or eradication of the cause of the kidney disease; however, nutritional support in the patient with end-stage renal disease must take into account the fragile electrolyte balance maintained by the remaining functional nephrons.
Table of Contents
Causes
Populations at Risk
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
From the Paper
"Signs and symptoms of ESRD are also seen in acute, chronic and acute renal failure superimposed on chronic renal failure. ESRD is seen in GFRs that approach zero; it is thus inferable that prolonged periods in between dialysis result in severe manifestations of electrolyte imbalance, especially urea and ammonia accumulation. Azotemia and uremia are associated with urea and ammonia accumulation secondary to diminished renal function are seen in rises in blood urea nitrogen."
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Life Support Withdrawal: Family Decisions, 2008.
A research proposal exploring families' experiences with decisions of life-support withdrawal.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a research proposal tol explore and comprehend the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. The paper discusses the significance of the phenomenon to nursing and provides an overview of the methodology to be used in the study.
Outline:
Identification of Phenomenon of Interest
Statement of Research Purpose
Significance of the Phenomenon to Nursing
Research Question
Overview of Methodology
From the Paper
"The decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) comprises a momentous event that encapsulates diverse experiences for families. Since clients often are incapable of communication, family members may confront severe complexities or even dilemmas in attempting to make end-of-life care decisions. This is primarily because of the nature of technology that is used in the ICU which is actually used for to opposing purposes of prolonging and terminating life. Exploring families' experiences is a significant phenomenon of concern to clients' families and the health care team, as well as for the provision of client-centered care."
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Licensing and Education of Nurses, 2008.
An analysis of the issues that Senate Bill 2529 is intended to address with regards to the licensing and education of nurses within the New Jersey State health care system.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses Senate Bill 2529 which focuses on the licensing and education of nurses within the New Jersey State's health care system. It begins with an address to senators regarding the Bill and then provides a statement discussing the necessity of the Bill. It further describes the issues that Senate Bill 2529 is intended to address.
Table of Contents:
Address to Senators
Statement
From the Paper
"The fact is that within that new health care system we are still impacted by issues of nursing migration, nursing retirement and globalization that will not cease to affect the process of nursing or the delivery of care without policies that are intended to provide positive results. One such policy is Senate Bill 2529 that gives us the opportunity at this time to mold our nursing professionals through education and not only ensure that they have the ability of universally achieving goals in health care delivery, but that they are the most knowledgeable and skilled nurses throughout the world."
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Nursing for Hip Surgery Convalescents, 2006.
A discussion of approaches and applications of critical thinking to nursing for post-operative individuals with hip complications.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the unhappy situation of people who are recovering from invasive remedial hip surgery and how smart nursing practices can optimize their period of convalescence. The paper begins first by highlighting the risk factors which aggravate the likelihood of one suffering falls post-operation. It also looks at three critical intellectual concepts that nurses must have if they are to be empathic, sensitive, smart, progressive and innovative guides leading patients towards full recovery. In the final analysis, open-minded and creative thinking coupled with an unswerving commitment to answers is the only way to be a genuinely professional nurse in these circumstances.
Outline:
Critical Thinking Concept One: Intellectual Empathy
Critical Thinking Concept Two: Intellectual Integrity
Critical Thinking Concept Three: Intellectual Perseverance
From the Paper
"Intellectual perseverance is the third and final of the three critical thinking concepts, but it could be argued that it is the most important of all of them; at the very least, it is indispensable in the acquisition of new knowledge (Carter, 1990). Simply put, without a willingness to confront the frustration and even disorientation that always seems to accompany intellectual exploration, a care-giver who is trying to facilitate the recovery of a post-operative individual with hip complications will find himself or herself shying away from a whole-hearted commitment to learning the truth about new nursing practices. For geriatric patients who depend upon their care-givers in a way that a younger patient does not, this can be especially difficult inasmuch as hip fractures brought about by falling can exact a physical and physiological toll that can be lethal."
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Research Article Analysis: Web-based Nursing Course, 2008.
This paper discuses the objectives and methodology of a research report by L. Hsu and S. Hsieh entitled "An Exploration of Scenario Discussion in a Web-Based Nursing Course".
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the intention of Hsu and Hsieh's research, "An Exploration of Scenario Discussion in a Web-Based Nursing Course", is to develop a nursing course to meet the needs of nursing students in technically advanced health care settings where scenario discussions, web-based instruction (WBI) and assessment of learning outcomes are the priorities. The author points out that this type of nursing course is intended to correspond to the realities of contemporary nursing and to equip students for a very different role from that to which nurses in the past have been accustomed. The paper commends the logical progression from the literature review to the research purpose in that the literature supports the purpose. The author reports that Hsu and Hsieh used a combination of quantitative and qualitative designs. The paper states that this study should be redesigned to separate the learning processes and learning outcomes from development of the scenario discussion website because the latter is given inordinate emphasis.
Table of Content:
Purpose
Literature Review
Research Questions
Methodology
From the Paper
"Even the demographic profile of the participants is largely concerned with exposure to the Internet. Participants' feelings such as anxiety or frustration due to lack of familiarity with scenario discussion consistently were given prominence. The four themes were based on responses to the open-ended questions and were concerned with both positive and negative experiences. Positive experiences included enhanced knowledge, rich content, and integrated information; negative reactions mainly were related to an inability to identify crucial information or poor recall of information. Reactions by participants ranged from satisfaction with new learning and thought patterns to stress and irritation. The researchers were equally concerned with attitudinal and institutional barriers encountered by the participants to online learning as they were with the beneficial aspects of the teaching platforms. The outcomes of this study are expressed in subjective terms such as satisfaction, frustration and anger."
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Depression in Modern Society, 2008.
An analysis of depression in modern society and the problems surrounding the increased use of anti-depressants.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines depression as stemming from the highly stressful, intensely competitive nature of modern society. It points out that the physical, mental, and social state of well-being of millions of people is being harmed because of the destructive aspects of the natural, social, built, and economic spheres in which they live. The paper particularly examines the problems surrounding the increasing use of anti-depressants to treat depression, such as dependence, abuse, the drugs' possible harmful side effects, and exploitation by drug companies. The paper concludes that too many people turn to "wonder drugs" for help when they cannot deal with the emotional and psychological stress induced by society.
From the Paper
"In recent years, depression in young adults has been increasingly treated with prescription drug anti-depressants such as Prozac and Paxil. The increasing use of these prescription antidepressant drugs has several implications, for recent studies have shown that more than twenty percent of young adults in the general population have emotional problems and one-third of young adults attending psychiatric clinics suffer from depression. Just as troubling, depression in this age group is greatly under-diagnosed, which presents even more implications."
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Sexual Dysfunction in the Elderly, 2008.
A study of the biological, social, emotional, cultural and environmental factors affecting sexual dysfunction in the elderly.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of whether sexual dysfunction in the elderly is a result of disease and physical conditions or an aspect of the aging process. The paper holds that changes in sexual desire and activity may be the result of a wide range of biological, social, emotional, cultural and environmental factors. The paper suggests that, while sexual dysfunction is related to a combination of the aging process and disease conditions, it may also largely be the result of misguided beliefs about aging and sexuality. The paper concludes that a great proportion of sexual problems are associated with the conditions of older people's lives and with social attitudes about aging and sexuality. It holds that the majority of issues related to sexual dysfunction can be addressed through heath teaching.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Physical Conditions and Disease
Sexual Dysfunction and the Aging Process
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One reason for sexual dysfunction is relatively easily addressed and has important implications for nursing. Lack of information about sexual dysfunction and embarrassment on the part of men to discuss the issue needs to be addressed through sensitive health teaching. Erectile dysfunction can produce a significant psychological and social impact on the patient and his partner. In addition, it is associated with depression, anxiety, and loss of self-esteem in both partners. Even though society is open about the problem of erectile dysfunction, men generally are not inclined to seek help. However, since erectile dysfunction could be the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes, it is extremely important that he care provider inquire about the problem during patient visits (Kolodny, 2003)."
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Family and Health Values, 2008.
A study of family values, attitudes, and behaviors towards meeting the health needs of its members.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the health values, attitudes, and behaviors of the family system. It discusses the role the family plays in teaching healthy behaviors and in caring for its sick members. It examines how the family functions in relation to the external environment to meet its health needs. New approaches to health care involving increased family participation are also discussed such as family-centered care, Orem's self-care theory, Newman's theory of health, and the Calgary family assessment model. The paper concludes that the most useful is the Calgary family assessment model because it incorporates all of the other models in some way.
From the Paper
"The concept of family most commonly used in my area of nursing practice is one where both the patient and family is considered to be the unit of care. It is the patient who is the actual focus and is predominant while the family is given secondary focus. This concept of family conforms to the first way nursing is conceptualized as a context to the patient (Friedman, Bowden & Jones, 2003). The family is more perceived as a consultant in our practice, and there is minimal involvement of the family in the patient's plan of care. The family mainly is viewed as the patient's primary social support resource."
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Controlling Health Costs, 2008.
This paper explores how the U.S. government has attempted to control rising health care costs.
926 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the introduction of Medicare and Medicaid, managed care and cost controls that have been utilized to lower healthcare costs. The paper argues that in order to achieve improved performance, the US needs to implement more effective strategies to measure health outcomes, ensure a higher degree of price sensitivity among purchasers and correct its administrative efficiencies. The paper maintains that the focus of legislators needs to be upon health as a value and on health priorities rather than on fragmented strategies for controlling healthcare costs. The paper includes graphs of Medicare and Medicaid statistics.
From the Paper
"The central problem with the US healthcare system appears to be related to perspective. Efforts to control costs have predominated over the delivery of quality health care. The goal of limiting government and private expenditures for health care while improving health outcomes results in health care productivity being a significant policy issue not only in the United States but across the globe. Although productivity is only one aspect of the performance of any health care system, improvements in productivity can make it easier to achieve other health system goals, such as greater access to care and protection from the financial losses resulting from ill health. Ever since the mid-1970s, the US healthcare system has been troubled with three major concerns: quality, costs and access (Odom & Garcia, 2005)."
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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Genetically Modified Mice, 2008.
A look at the effect of epigenetic mechanisms in geneticaly modified mice.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
After a general introduction into various methods of genetic engineering and the effects it can have on plants and animals, this paper describes a particular research into whey acidic protein promoters in mice as they can be used to study the RAS oncogenes in human tumors.
From the Paper
"Genetic engineering can involve different ways of manipulating genetic material in plants or animals, intending to produce different kinds of plants or animals. Among the reasons for doing so are to control for disease, alter certain characteristics, add completely new characteristics, and generally change the strain of the plant or the animal. Such experiments can be uncertain, since it is never certain what effects the manipulation of genetic material may have. Some genetic engineering has long taken place through the breeding of animals and plants for specific traits, but more recently it has been possible to make such changes at the genetic level and to produce new species virtually overnight and on a much wider basis, leading, for instance, to new crops with different characteristics from older crops of the same sort, such as higher yield, resistance to disease, the ability to repel insects, and so on. On the one hand, there have been concerns about making such changes, as if they might lead to new species that would destroy older crops, create new diseases, and so threaten the production of food or threaten human life more directly, a science fiction scenario that has not yet come to pass. Another concern, and one more difficult to refute, is these new foodstuffs may harm human life in the long run in ways not yet foreseen. Wright (2002) cites a report by a National Research Council committee that Athe most significant risk associated with animal biotechnology is the potential effect on the environment. In particular, the committee said that if engineered animals escaped into the wild, they could endanger native species@ (Wright, 2002, p. 4). No human risks were identified by this report, but it was noted that this might not prove there were none given that animal biotechnology is a new and changing field."
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Nurse Practitioner Role in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the nurse practitioner's role and how it can be implemented in the health care system in Ontario.
1,802 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the implementation of the nurse practitioner's role in Canada. It discusses the expanded authority that the nurse practitioner has in relation to prescribing medications. The paper also looks at the health compliance of the nurse practitioner's patients compared to the physician's patients. The paper goes on to discusses a national perspective for the health system and nurse practitioners. Finally, it looks at how to fully utilize nurse practitioners in Ontario.
From the Paper
"One barrier to nurse practitioner utilization would be implementing new organizational arrangements and re-allocating roles among medical and other health professionals. Another barrier consists of a lack of options for nurses and inadequate recognition of nursing knowledge and skills (CNA, 2001). For example, the role of nurse practitioners is restricted under existing nursing legislation, protocols or medical directives (Worster & Sarco, 2005). One problem opposing utilization of nurse practitioners in Canada relates to discrepancies in legislation, educational requirements, and clinical and legal responsibilities, all of which prevent implementation of the nurse practitioner role in many areas since the title of nurse practitioner has no universal definition (Worster & Sarco, 2005)."
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The US and AIDS in Africa, 2008.
This paper explores the United States' involvement in preventing and reducing the AIDS epidemic in Africa.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the involvement of the United States in pursuing treatments for the AIDS dilemma has brought about regulation and a system for stronger future growth. The paper describes how Africa has been a place where companies, governments and individuals used unique and often cruel means to abuse and mistreat the population. The paper concludes that by acting proactively and seeking ways to end the epidemic, the U.S. is making the world a better, stronger and safer place to live.
From the Paper
"AIDS is on of the most ravaging diseases that Africa has known. Unlike in the United States, where a higher level of wealth and availability of treatment keep the disease largely at bay, it has been estimated that between twenty to forty fifty percent of Africans are infected with either AIDS or HIV, its precursor ("A Little Better Off"). As the world's poorest continent, Africa has little hope of getting out of this condition without outside help. In light of that, many nations have, in addition to their present humanitarian efforts, also provided help with AIDS prevention and reduction. The United States plays a large part in this effort, seeking to find ways to prevent and reduce the AIDS epidemic."
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Supervised Injection Sites, 2008.
This paper explores the arguments for and against the drug policy of supervised injection sites (SIS).
2,793 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses sanctioned supervised injection sites (SIS) in Canada where people may inject intravenous drugs under the supervision of trained medical staff, with clean syringes available for their use. The paper explores the reasoning behind this site and the ongoing arguments for and against its continuing operation. The paper supports the belief that drug use will continue and that at least users can be spared the harm inflicted by sharing non-sterile settings in a non-sanitary setting. The paper therefore concludes that the SIS is a sound, pragmatic drug policy that should be continued and developed further.
From the Paper
"In the case of SIS, the reasoning is that drug addicts are going to inject themselves with illegal drugs anyway, so why not make the actual process safer? Especially given that much of the health damage associated with intravenous drug use derives from factors other than the drugs. For example, non-sterile needles cause death through infection, and shared needles cause diseases and death by passing on Hepatitis C, AIDS, etc. As Ezard (2001) points out, the discovery that HIV transmission is linked to injectable drugs "arguably spearheaded the harm reduction movement for illicit drug use" (p. 208). Moreover, many drug deaths are due to overdoses, and those who accidentally overdose in a SIS will be given medical assistance more promptly, and are thus more likely to survive."
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Nursing Coat of Arms, 2008.
This paper looks at the coat of arms design used by the nursing profession.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the origins of the coat of arms and describes the coat of arms used by nursing schools. The paper discusses the many qualities that make nursing distinct from any other form of work. The paper explains how a coat of arms is intended to capture these key qualities.
From the Paper
"The profession of nursing is an outstanding one, primarily because nurses are dedicated to their patients and are involved in an ethic of care. The concept of the person is central to nursing as is healing. A coat of arms is intended to capture the key qualities or the essence of what the nursing profession means. The main qualities which depict nursing can be represented through the components of a coat of arms. A coat of arms refers to a design that can be used to depict a single individual or a group, and this can be achieved in diverse ways."
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The Empowerment of Nurses, 2008.
An argument for the increased autonomy and empowerment of nurses.
713 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the values of promoting the empowerment of nurses. It argues that, given greater autonomy in decision-making, nurses will feel more professional satisfaction and commitment, leading to higher morale and efficiency in the work place. It also claims that, when nurses are given a higher degree of informal power, the results are observed in greater accountability, productivity, and work effectiveness. Furthermore, this has an impact on collegiality since stronger alliances with peers are established.
From the Paper
"The primary moral principle invariably is respect for persons; from that main principle emerge other principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, confidentiality, fidelity, veracity, and justice (ANA, 2001). Respect for the inherent dignity and worth of every patient is the core principle for nursing practice (ANA, 2001). The ANA's (1995) belief that the person is holistic and possesses an inherent unity, which must be contextually and culturally defined, is correlated with that principle. Autonomy for nurses must be intrinsic and a personal choice; if it is the result of extrinsic influences, autonomy is extremely restricted. Intrinsic autonomy is only possible in nursing environments where staff can exert control. Accountability depends on the degree of autonomy that can be exercised as well as the extent to which nurses are empowered (Laschinger & Wong, 1999)."
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