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Health Promotion, 2008.
This paper examines the factors that determine health and associations that promote health for the total population.
2,460 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the social determinants of health are the mediating processes between the economic and social conditions in a society that influence whether people stay healthy or become ill. The author reviews the social determinants of health: poverty, class, gender, race, ethnicity and the weakening of working class power. The paper relates that the materialist, neo-materialist and the social comparison approaches have been developed to explain how political, economic and social forces shape health and health inequalities. The author explores the work of several health promotion organizations that believe that health is a fundamental human right.The paper underscores that the attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most important world-wide goal, which requires the action of many other social and economic sectors to support community groups that do not have the resources needed to ensure their health
From the Paper
"Advocates also need to focus on primary health care since it is based in economic conditions as well as the political and sociocultural features of an area. Primary health care is fully based on the determinants of health such as education, proper nutrition, adequate water and basic sanitation, child health care, and prevention and control over disease. Governments should be lobbied so that they implement national policies and strategies to develop and maintain primary care as one aspect of the national health system."
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Asthma and Client-Centered Care, 2008.
This paper discusses the relationship of the nurse and the asthmatic patient as required in client-centered care.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, from the standpoint of the author who is an asthmatic, the very first nursing action when dealing with someone suffering from an asthma attack should involve empathy for the patient. The author points out that the nurse's goals for asthma management are the prevention or reduction of attacks, patient education, maintaining normal activity levels for the patient and improving quality of life. The paper relates that, because asthma is a chronic illness, self-care, in which the patient decides the degree and quality of participation in her care, is a very important element in asthma management. The author states that nurses tend to error by seeing the individual as a passive patient and by agreeing only to the idea of self-management if it is a matter of collaboration with the nurse. The paper stresses that the most effective form of self-management is self-agency, which often includes activities with which nurses do not agree such as adjusting drug dosage.
From the Paper
"Wilson and Kendall (2006) found from their own study that nurses felt very uncomfortable with the idea of clients as experts for their own lives. The general interpretation by nurses of this concept was that patients think they know better than the nurse. Even though nurses no longer view themselves as expert, many of them feel that patients with asthma are too influenced by the information they receive from the Internet (Wilson & Kendall, 2006). It was mentioned to me that I thought I knew it all. Many nurses are also fearful that if they agree to let the patient be expert, then they will be accountable for the patient's actions and will be liable to lawsuits."
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Canada and the WHO - Recommendation for Increased Support, 2008.
An overview of the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) and a recommendation for improved support.
1,192 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the work of the World Health Organization, which has achieved many successes in assisting people all over the world to attain the highest possible level of health. The author recommends that the Canadian government increase its support of the WHO to improve the provision of healthcare services throughout the international community.
From the Paper
"The World Health Organization has been successful because of its decades of experience identifying international health assistance priorities, and its addressing of these priorities through six core WHO functions. My study confirms that WHO has provided international leadership on critical health issues and has engaged in partnerships when and where joint action has been needed. Its leadership has shaped the research agenda and has stimulated the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable healthcare knowledge, and has established setting norms and standards, while promoting and monitoring their implementation. (WHO)
"Furthermore, the WHO has articulated ethical and evidence-based policy options, has provided technical support, has catalyzed change, has built sustainable institutional capacity, has monitored international health conditions, and has assessed health trends in every region of the world. (WHO) In the process, this IGO has acquired vast and immensely valuable experience in dealing with global health and healthcare issues, and thus deserves increased support from Canada."
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Bottle-Feeding Research, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of an article about bottle feeding entitled "Factors Contributing to Preterm Infant Engagement During Bottle-Feeding", by S.M. Thoyre and R.L. Brown.
824 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this paper the writer discusses the article "Factors Contributing to Preterm Infant Engagement During Bottle-Feeding," that appeared in the September/October 2004 issue of the Journal Nursing: Official Journal of the Eastern Nursing Research society and the Western Institute of Nursing. The writer notes that this journal is a peer-reviewed publication. The writer points out that this study was well written and maintains that all of its points and conclusions were clear and fully explained and supported. Further, the writer declares that the interpretations were appropriate, led to logical conclusions and appeared to be unbiased. The writer concludes that the article increases the writer's knowledge about bottle-feeding and answers many questions about the importance of an infant being engaged during the feeding process.
Outline:
Source
Abstract
Research Problem
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Variables
Hypothesis
Design
Sample
Data Collection
Study Procedures
Ethical Consideration
Data Analysis
Discussion and Interpretation of Findings
Application to Nursing Practice
Presentation
From the Paper
"The research was clearly described as a cross-sectional study conducted in the Midwest over a period of six months. There was no manipulation of the independent variables; rather, the manner in which the data was recorded was altered to make the data more meaningful. A lot of attention was given to detail in this study and efforts were made to control for potential confounding factors."
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Sexual Abuse and Survivors, 2008.
This paper analyzes the book 'Counseling Survivors of Sexual Abuse' by Diane M. Langberg.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the work 'Counseling Survivors of Sexual Abuse' authored by Diane M. Langberg is a powerful, daring and effective book. The writer presents her personal reaction to the treatment of sexual abuse and notes that the book opened her eyes to what treatments are used to assist an abuser and what foundations are used to get over the abuse. The writer concludes with a very favorable impression of Dr. Langberg's passion to aide, assist and help the survivors that have been sexually abused, especially in the theological framework of people that have been traumatized.
From the Paper
"Another eye opener is the fact that Dr. Langberg encourages survivors to write out Isaiah 53, which should assist with brining God closer into their lives since Jesus suffered on the cross and was resurrected.
"It seems that there are various factors that affect a child's reaction to abuse to include how the child perceives the abuser and distinctive things associated from the assault. Dr. Langberg observed and counseled symptomatic and asymptomatic victims; as part of treatment methods, reunification issues and cognitive therapy along with nondirective support therapy. Dr. Langberg uses individual therapy as opposed to group therapy."
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Compassion and Care as a Moral Ideal, 2008.
A look at compassion and care in nursing.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper was written by a nurse after she was present at a stillbirth. Feeling out of her depth while comforting the parents, the author realized that she had not been witness before to this level of suffering.
The paper goes on to discuss ethical issues such as beneficence and nonmaleficence and continues to explore compassion and care as a moral ideal.
Outline:
Looking Back
Elaborate
Analysis
Revision
New Perspective
From the Paper
"Nurses continually encounter human suffering and "in their everyday practice face unique and complex situations which are unsolvable by technical rational approaches" (Atkins & Murphy, 1993, p. 1188). Reflection on certain issues is absolutely essential and in certain cases provides the only way out of what would amount to moral paralysis. As Kinsella (2002) observes, all the knowledge that we possess begins in some way with experience. Atkins and Murphy (1998, p. 1189) define reflection as learning as "intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead to new understandings and appreciations". In my own case, I felt concern and anxiety that I was perhaps losing compassion but on reflection I realized that this was not logical. According to Atkins and Murphy (1993), the first stage of the reflective process is motivated by negative feelings and thoughts. I also engaged in intellectual activities by undertaking a very serious exploration of major nursing theories. This is the stage that Atkins and Murphy (1993) view as constructive since it involves exploring both feelings and knowledge. I did realize that the process of reflection might require substantial time because, as Mezirow (1998) clarifies, reflection in itself cannot automatically result in new integrated and comprehensive perspectives. Atkins and Murphy (1993) distinguish between reflection-in-action which occurs while practicing and while I was with Mrs. B and her husband versus reflection-on-action which is the time-consuming and main part of reflection."
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Culture in Nursing, 2008.
This paper discusses practices in trans-cultural nursing care focusing on the Chinese culture.
933 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that in order to provide effective nursing care, nurses must have knowledge of the client's worldview which is influenced by their cultural beliefs, values and life ways. The writer points out that in Chinese culture, the approach of patients to health and illness centers on the concept of balance, and is holistic and traditional. The writer maintains that health is understood as a state of spiritual and physical harmony with nature and illness caused by some upset in body energy. The case study demonstrates the differences that often become apparent between cultural beliefs and practices versus the perspective of nursing. This paper focuses on the cultural factor of religious and philosophical factors. The writer concludes that religious and philosophical factors greatly influence what Chinese people do and what choices they make.
From the Paper
"In contrast to Chinese religious and philosophical beliefs regarding health and disease, nurses in Western culture are trained in a much different way regarding nutrition. Nurses also are instructed to push fluids. For nurses, the focus on nutrition involves its role in healing in relation to the need for protein and fiber as well as electrolyte balance. The normal course of nursing actions is that when the problem is hypertension, then the amount of sodium is restricted. Whatever foods might be contributing to the health are either very limited or are eliminated from the diet. In the case study, nurses are following the usual procedure in promoting fluids for the patient in order to enable Mr. W. to recover from his bladder surgery. To achieve the health outcome, it is very common for nurses to provide patients with cold tap water. The issue is that both Chinese cultural practice and professional nursing practice both are concerned with the same outcome."
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Article Critique: The Community Nurse and Learning Disabilities, 2008.
A critique of the research reported by O. Barr in the article "The Evolving Role of Community Nurses for People with Learning Disabilities; Change over an 11-Year-Period".
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and critiques O. Barr's article "'The Evolving Role of Community Nurses for People with Learning Disabilities; Change over an 11-Year-Period", found in the "Journal of Clinical Nursing". The paper describes the intention of the study, the study's literature review, and the data collection process for the study. The paper further notes that the sample for Barr's study was based on a community of nurses involved directly with people with disabilities and that this sample was very appropriate to address the research problem and the stated objectives of the study. In addition, the paper explains that the research design was quantitative and then examines the results, findings, strengths and weaknesses of the study.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Article Critique
Problem, Purpose, Research Question
Literature Review
Ethical and Legal Issues
Sample- Sampling Design
Research Design
Data Collection: Methods and Strategies
Results and Findings
Strengths and Weaknesses
From the Paper
"The literature review includes a definition of the concept of learning disabilities as being made up of three aspects. These are a reduce ability to understand new or complex information; a reduced ability for independent coping; and these problems have to be present before the age of 18 years and produce a lasting effect on development. The way that learning abilities are defined will later become one of the variables because the definition determines the nurses' approach and role for these clients. The aspect of coping, for example, means that the nurses do not look upon learning disabilities as simply a matter of cognitive impairments."
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MRSA, Change and Nursing Leadership, 2008.
This paper looks at hospital concerns related to ethicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their impact on health care professionals.
1,333 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious concern for many hospitals. The writer points out that not only are morbidity and mortality rates due to MRSA infection significant, but longer hospital stays, higher costs of treatment and the specter of treatment failure compared to methicillin-sensitive organisms are all realities that are faced. This paper outlines a proposition to implement a hospital-wide change in the hospital's handwashing policy to that utilizing a chlorhexidine-based foam. Budgetary considerations as well as a strategy for implementation and evaluation of effectiveness on MRSA infections after one year of implementation are discussed.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Current Practice
Proposed Practice
Budgetary Considerations
Concerns Regarding Change
Values and Roles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In order to improve the rate of infection from 10 cases per year to less than one per year, a new practice will be instituted based on the redundancy principle regarding implementation of handwashing procedures. Similarly redundant handwashing facilities (both handwashing stations and foam chlorhexidine gluconate) conveniently located at strategic locations. This solution will include new dispensers at strategic locations with high personnel traffic such as nurses' stations, patient rooms, specific bedside sites (e.g. in intensive care units, labor and delivery bedsides), communal areas for nurses and physicians and outpatient examination rooms. It is expected to be accomplished within 3 months with a reduction in overall and MRSA nosocomial infections after one year."
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Local Food and Health, 2008.
This paper explores the importance of local food systems to human health.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the role of corporate entities in food production and distribution. The paper argues that we cannot discuss the human health aspects of local food production without critically addressing how the corporatization of food production and distribution has introduced numerous destabilizing health vectors in our food systems. The paper then shows how local food production is undeniably healthier than global food production and distribution.
From the Paper
"These "chemical stews" impact human bodies in numerous, and often unexpected, ways. Consider, for example, the contemporary health controversy over the excess use of antibiotics which - because of their widespread presence in the human population - have been losing their valuable potential as disease-fighting tools of our medical system. Studies have found that as much as 70 percent of the antibiotics present in our bodies today is present not from personal usage but indirectly through the consumption of animals who themselves have been excessively treated with antibiotics (Larsen 2007, p.21)."
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Nursing, Physical Inactivity Intervention, 2008.
A review of the growing issue of physical inactivity and its effects.
1,608 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the growing issue of physical inactivity in relation to the increase in related diseases. The writer looks at various studies and how patients can be behaviorally influenced by specifically targeted interventions that address health issues and help them realize that they can actively take part in re-orienting themselves around healthy lifestyles.
Outline:
Epidemiology of physical inactivity
Review of interventions from the literature
Implications for advanced practice nurses
From the Paper
"It is not hard to see the crucial role of physical activity in any individual's lifestyle. The prevalence of physical inactivity has been indirectly linked to mortalities associated with the aforementioned diseases. In the case of overweight and obesity, in 2001, the Surgeon General asserted the urgency of addressing overweight and obesity's cause: excess calorie accumulation and/or physical inactivity (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). In 2005, overweight and obesity in the U.S. reached a prevalence rate of 60.5% and 23.9%, respectively (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2006). Even more alarming, this prevalence has significantly increased within 1995-2005 across all states (p < 0.01), in spite of a decrease in prevalence of obesity <20% in 28 states from 1995-2000 (CDC, 2006).
"A typical profile of a high-risk family group is generally one that endorses a sedentary lifestyle. Children as early as 3 to 4 years of age and adolescents in particular, are at high risk for adapting behaviors that promote physical inactivity and often carry these behaviors into adulthood (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). Risks for decreased physical inactivity include watching television for 4 or more hours daily, physical activity during less than half the total time allocated to physical education classes, lack of at least 30 minutes of moderate and regular physical activity daily either as part of a particular setting (work, home, school, leisure), conditions that prevent carrying out a physical activity regimen, and an environment that is not conducive to safe physical activity (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000)."
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The E-Coli Bacillus, 2008.
This paper discuses the e-coli bacillus, which has been responsible for a profusion of e-coli outbreaks in recent years.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the e-coli bacillus is a microbe about which much is known but has defied efforts to stamp out its unpleasant impact upon human health. The author points out that these extraordinarily tiny cells are invisible to the naked human eye and can accumulate in vast quantities in food preparation areas without individuals being aware of them. The paper relates that e-coli cells are prokaryotic and distinguished by a single, circular chromosome; such cells also contain DNA as plasmids. The author states that, in simple cases of e-coli poisoning, rehydration is essential; however, there is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of the disease and/or expedite recovery and anti-diarrheal agents are strongly discouraged. The paper concludes that this tiny "bug" certainly seems resilient enough to cause human beings misery for some time to come.
From the Paper
"The living environment and the reproductive process of the e-coli cell are also interesting. Simply put, e-coli most commonly flourish in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. In terms of reproduction, the process is simply one of binary fission, with the circular DNA chromosome replicated. The cell splits into two identical cells with each cell having the same DNA; it should be pointed out that, during the fission process, the identical chromosomal material attaches itself to different parts of the cell membrane so that "replicate" material is firmly anchored where it needs to be when the cell begins to pull apart and halve."
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The Effects of Nursing Shortages, 2008.
A paper highlighting the nursing shortage in hospital emergency rooms.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the nursing shortage in the United States and elsewhere, and reviews literature pertaining to the underlying factors behind it. The author also explains how this impacts on the emergency department setting and provides some solutions as to how this factor could be overcome.
From the Paper
"The nursing shortage in the United States and elsewhere is not a new phenomenon. This shortage can be traced to several factors, including those pertaining to personal and financial equity, the presence of more lucrative career options, high attrition rates of new graduates and personal satisfaction. With the coming realization that the health care infrastructure of the Unites States is less than satisfactory and more and more in danger of collapse as the "baby boomer" generation retires, health care professionals, particularly nurses, face an even bigger dilemma.
"Veteran" nurses in an emergency department setting are invaluable members of this particular department, particularly due to their clinical expertise and knowledge of department operations. They are the long-term staff that man, administer and manage the department even as other transient health care staff such as physicians-in-training come and go, they are indispensable repositories of operational knowledge changed and refined over the years to serve the community within which the hospital is based. While global turnover rates for nurses remain higher than other professions, those that choose to remain within the emergency department have a responsibility to pass on their knowledge to novices working within their department, regardless of profession. Nurses with substantial clinical experience in the same setting for years on end often set standards upon newer staff. These are important when one considers the relatively fast-paced tempo of any given emergency department. Acute patient cases are triaged, seen and examined, assessed, immediately treated, worked up for more diagnostics and discharged or admitted for observation with the intended goal of seeing all consults and giving them a definite disposition. An emergency care unit accomplishes this by ensuring a constant flow of patients in and out of its domain in order to be prepared for more urgent cases. The multiple roles of emergency department nurses, while demanding and at times stressful and complex, require staff that has acquired experience in this field as well as operational experience unique to the department."
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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, 2008.
This paper explores lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the damage it causes to the central nervous system.
1,664 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on the central nervous system and focuses on the body of research about the link between its interaction with serotonin receptors and the onset of hallucinations. The paper discusses how although one receptor in particular is believed to be the key, the lack of research on the subject in general precludes a definitive determination at this time.
From the Paper
"Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) causes hallucinations and detachment from reality. Since neuro psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia present very similar symptoms, these profound if episodic perceptual distortions can be viewed as symptoms of temporary damage to the Central Nervous System. Serotonin receptor activation has long been thought be directly affected by LSD, yet after 30 plus years of research, the precise mechanism by which LSD bonds with which of several serotonin receptors, remains a matter of conjecture."
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