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Prevention of Central Line Infections, 2008.
A comparison of the effectiveness of the skin cleansers Chloraprep and Providone Iodine, in rate of infections resulting from central lines.
2,317 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This study reviews and assesses data from previous meta-studies that compared the actions of the skin antiseptics, Chloraprep and Providone Iodine among others, with regard to sterilization prior to catheter insertion. The study reassess the available data in an attempt to understand whether the findings remain conclusive in supporting the use of chlorhexidine over Providone Iodine solution in prevention of catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSIs). The paper relates that the clinical problem statement is 'What are the most effective antiseptic techniques to use to minimize risk of infection from use of intravenous catheters". The study attempts to solve this clinical problem statement through a thorough review of the clinical trials which have been conducted globally since the introduction of chlorhexidine.
Outline:
Definitions
Introduction
Problem Statement
Description of Methodology
Presentation of Findings
Synthesis of Findings
From the Paper
"Several studies have now been completed to compare the actions of the skin antiseptics Chloraprep and Providone Iodine among others. The results of a Meta-Analysis study "found that the use of Chlorhexidine gluconate rather than Providone Iodine can reduce the risk for catheter-related blood stream infection by approximately 50% in hospitalized patients who require short-term catheterization." The study goes on to state "Given the extent of the benefit and the small incremental cost, chlorhexidine gluconate should be considered as a replacement for Providone Iodine solution, particularly in patients at high risk for catheter related blood stream infection."
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Management: Nursing, 2008.
An overview on nursing leadership using Jean Orlando's theory in nursing practice, leadership, and management today.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the functions of nursing care, nursing duties and what is expected of nurses. The paper highlights the importance of setting good examples, such as, showing respect to patients, rather than merely telling other nurses to show respect, and following up with questions to ensure orders are clearly understood at all times.
From the Paper
"This means that the nurse must reflect what she orders in her own actions, for example, showing respect to patients, rather than merely telling other nurses to show respect to patients, and she must follow up with questions to ensure her orders are understood. Learning by doing and repetition is an essential part of nursing practice--hence, the use of residency education. But it is not enough that a nurse merely be told what to do. Taking the younger and less experienced nurse through the physical process of, for example, checking a patient's blood sugar for the first time is helpful in instilling what is necessary during the process."
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The Obesity Problem, 2008.
A look at the causes for the high rates of obesity today.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that obesity occurs from a combination of genetic, environmental, medical and intake factors. The paper questions why obesity has become an increasing problem today. The paper blames an imbalance of intake versus energy expenditure, as well as a lack of knowledge surrounding healthy life habits.
From the Paper
"The national media reports that obesity is epidemic, not only in the United States but in other developed countries as well. For example, in mainland China, 16.7% of male participants were considered to be overweight according to a Body Mass Index (BMI between 25 and 29.9. Additionally, another 2.4% were felt to be obese based on a BMI greater than or equal to 30 (International Obesity Task Force, 2007). Culture has been seen to play a significant role in perception of obesity across all ethnicities."
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Revenue Healthcare, 2008.
A research analysis to discover which tools healthcare organizations and practitioners may use to increase revenue streams while facing rising costs and an increasingly aging population relying on Medicare and Medicaid.
2,013 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the trends, innovations and future of finances, revenue streams and investments in the healthcare industry. In doing so the paper proposes several choices or alternative sources of revenues for hospitals treating an ever-increasing number of patients that rely on Medicare and Medicaid for insurance. The paper comments that at the time of this study, most hospitals fell short of revenue goals because Medicare and Medicaid did not provide adequate compensation to meet the needs of the aging population.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Overview Medicare & Medicaid
Background and Review of the Problem
Tools Used in the Past to Generate Revenue
Tools That May Save Money
Other Sources of Funding
How to Protect Revenue Streams
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, while these programs offer some assistance to patients, Medicare and Medicaid often fall far short of need when the time comes to pay for lengthy hospital stays. Legislation in recent years has proposed cutting the budget for Medicare and Medicaid in the past, something that would only increase the problem hospitals and other healthcare facilities have when collecting revenues for treatments offered to the Medicare and Medicaid population (AHA, 2006). Many hospitals and other facilities have gone as far as denying treatment because they cannot keep up with costs associated with caring for those without secondary insurance."
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Irrational Patient Rights, 2008.
This paper discusses whether a patient's irrational decision to refuse treatment is binding to a health care professional.
1,664 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses whether a patient's irrational decision to refuse treatment is binding to a health care professional. The paper explores the arguments for and against the rights of irrational patients and brings several case studies to light. The paper reveals that the health care professional is bound to treat irrational patients who cannot be held accountable for their actions. The paper therefore shows that if there is no other family member or responsible party available, the health care professional must make some difficult and demanding choices, for if they do not, they could put themselves and their facility at risk of court action and liability.
Outline:
Introduction
Argument
Counterargument
Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Patient's rights are a critical concern in the health care profession today, and few will argue that a competent patient has the right to free will and to choose what happens to their own body. Some patients with religious convictions may choose to refuse certain treatments, such as abortion, and some patients from other cultures may refuse certain types of treatment that do not agree with their cultural beliefs. However, anyone who consciously desires treatment should be treated by the health care professional."
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Emerging Standards of Care, 2008.
This paper explores cultural competence in health care.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses seven mandates that collectively define the designation of culturally competent care. The paper explores the issue of cultural competence and shows how it does not involve merely language but must be applied on a sociocultural level too. The paper describes the need for direct in-house and trained institutional interpreters and for culturally diverse recruitment and hiring.
From the Paper
"A very responsive and positive current trend in health care is to establish systems that are much more open and receptive to cultural diversity and the particular needs of a culturally diverse regional and patient population. Culturally competent is the designation that is utilized to describe a health care facility (usually a hospital) that answers the needs of a diverse population through services and employee/volunteer training that recognizes cultural diversity assists cultural minority individuals through specific important access points, and services to achieve a better patient outcome, overall."
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Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Company, 2008.
Describes the Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Company from the perspective of being an employee of the company.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Company. The paper relates that Wyeth Pharmaceuticals is the globe's biggest pharmaceutical and healthcare company and that it holds the premier position among the 35 pharmaceutical companies present globally for patent based intellectual property. The paper also provides some additional statistics about Wyeth and then discusses the company's financial outcomes, state of competition and strengths. The paper concludes with a discussion on the process of product life cycle management at the company. Financial data about the Wyeth is also included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Financial Outcomes
The Global Pharmaceutical Scenario and State of Competition
Wyeth's Product Strengths
Unique R&D - Our Core Strength
Learn & Confirm - A New Paradigm
Pharmaceuticals - A Knowledge Driven Industry
Product Life Cycle Management-A Sunrise Business Process for Pharmaceutical Industry
Financial Highlights
Selected Financial Data
Worldwide Net Revenue by Product
From the Paper
"In the sphere of consumer healthcare products, our company is a leader in research, development, production, and marketing of wide range of consumer healthcare products running in more than 65 nations. Our sales figures for the year 2006 have touched $2.5 billion, and Wyeth Consumer Healthcare is among the biggest OTC healthcare product in the entire world with workforce strength of 3200. The commitment of our company in improving the healthcare across the world has transformed Wyeth Consumer Healthcare into a top ranked competitor in excess of a dozen vital product categories inclusive of analgesic, cough cold allergy and vitamin/ nutritional supplements."
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Young Adults and Heart Disease, 2008.
An overview of the risk factors that contribute to heart disease with specific relation to the younger population group.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the subject of heart disease in young adults, with information for young adults to assist them with their understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The paper comments that many young adults consider heart disease as an old person's disease. The paper also notes that young adults may become more aware that individuals of all ages, even their age, can have CVD. The paper provides the strategies presented to combat heart disease. Charts, tables, and a flow chart are included with the paper.
Outline:
More than Knowing Something
Research Considerations
Current and Projected Concerns
Strategies to Address Concerns
The Causes and Cures Contributed to Heart Disease
Programs Can...
New Considerations
Coffee... Tea... Vitamin C Claims
Steps to Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease
Congenital and Chronic Disease Concerns
Hope for Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Most Likely - Yet Less Likely
Tomorrow's Time Bomb Question?
Can Heart Disease be Prevented?
Do The Right Thing
Unlearning Risk Factors
From the Paper
"What is currently known about heart disease, as the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, because young adults are "increasingly adopting unhealthy lifestyles," (Reinhardt), resulting increasing consequences of those lifestyle choices also increase. Currently, cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks as the leading cause of death globally, reportedly contributing to one third of all deaths each year. "The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke, published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in conjunction with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), was launched on 26 September 2004 to coincide with the fifth annual World Heart Day, a major driving force for encouraging heart disease and stroke prevention worldwide."
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Lighting and the Circadian Rhythm, 2008.
An analysis of the article "Lighting for the Human Circadian Clock: Recent Research Indicates that Lighting Has Become a Public Health Issue" by S. Pauley.
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Lighting for the Human Circadian Clock: Recent Research Indicates that Lighting Has Become a Public Health Issue" that reveals that certain illness rates, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer, are much higher among nighttime shift workers than in the rest of the population. The paper explains the article's evidence that the disruption in the normal circadian rhythm of sleep-wake cycles inhibits the production of melatonin that in turn increases cancer rates. The paper discusses the implications of this research for nighttime workers and for the general public.
From the Paper
"Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most people worked and carried on their daily life activities exclusively in the daytime and slept at night, primarily because without artificial lighting, there was no other choice. Once kerosene, gas, and incandescent lighting became widely used during the nineteenth century, people were able to make more productive use of nighttime hours, and 24-hour production became a possibility. Artificial lighting has become so common, that in modern societies, we take nighttime sporting events, all-night restaurants, and 24-hour casinos for granted. Certain industries run 'round the clock, with rotating shift workers on duty at all times."
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Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging, 2008.
An examination of the importance and method of quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) for diagnostic x-ray imaging.
4,057 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines diagnostic x-ray imaging quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC). It defines QA and QC for diagnostic x-ray imaging and then discusses how this occurs within all areas of a radiology department. Lastly, the paper discusses the growth of quality assurance in pediatric radiology. The paper contains tables and images.
Table of Contents:
Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Quality Assurance (QA)
Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Quality Control (QC)
Radiographic Unit Monitoring
Sensitometery and Darkroom Monitoring
Use of Technique Charts
Analysis of Repeat Rates
Continuing Education
Repeat Analysis
Timer Quality Control in Radiographic Equipment
Collimator Quality Control
Vertical Beam Alignment Quality Control
Collimation
Focal-spot Size
Fluoroscopy Quality Control
Automatic Exposure Systems
Tomography Quality Control
Ensuring QC in Conventional Radiographic Systems
Radiation Safety/QA Program
Test Frequency
Different Types of Tests and Duration
Growth of Quality Assurance in Pediatric Radiology
Exhibits
From the Paper
"The various parameters to be checked under radiography are (i) assessment of the focal spot size which is the surface area of the anode which is bombarded by the electron beam. In case of radiography machine, it ranges from 0.1 to 1.2 mm or more than that. In case of mammo-machines the values are 0.3 to 0.6. The assessment of focal spot size is applied to get a X-ray image having the least blur. Small focal spot are likely to concentrate heat and emits load on focal spot areas. In case the quantity of heat emitted at the time of an individual exposure is more than the track capacity, the anode surface is liable to melt. Besides, the assessment of the focal spot size is necessary to compare it with the original focal spot size with that of the machine. Also spot size of any machine is stated on the top of the X-Ray tube. (Mukhtar, n. d.)"
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Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy, 2008.
This paper explores the incidence of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and the health risks involved.
2,398 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the demographic and epidemiological changes in society that have lead to an increased risk of diabetes simultaneously with pregnancy. The paper relates that diabetes mellitus occurring simultaneously with pregnancy is a risk factor that is multi-causal and can put mother and child at increased risk for severe and even fatal complications. The paper explains in detail the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in its various forms and its implications for the pregnancy and fetus.
Outline:
Abstract
Introducton
Pathophysiology
Clinical Symptoms
Lab Findings
Implications for Pregnancy
Implications for the Infant
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus is described by some as epidemic in proportion. The concern regarding the disease is often linked to the increased incidence of refined foods, and especially sugars, as well as increased reports of sedentary living, that are both associated with the modern world. Increases in such behavioral concerns, as the above compounded by the fact that there is a positive link between overweight and obesity (also caused by poor nutrition and sedentary lifestyle) increases the incidence of one of the several types of diabetes mellitus."
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The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 2008.
Looks at the history, goals and problems of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).
855 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which was intended to improve access and renewability with respect to employment related group health plans, to health insurance coverage sold in connection with group plans, and to the individual market, by amending the Public Health Service Act. The paper relates that the primary elements in the legislation for most workers are portability and a general improvement in coverage but the Act falls short in addressing these problems. The paper outlines the shortcomings of the Act and provides examples to illustrate them. The paper concludes that, even though main issue in the law is portability, the many other provisions in the Act show how even that one particular change requires a good deal of change in other areas as well.
From the Paper
"Epstein (2002) notes some of the unintended consequences of HIPAA with reference to medical research. He cites the provisions on privacy and finds a conflict "between the concern for privacy on the one hand, and the ability of medical scientists, physicians, and institutions to continue on with their traditional research activities." Under the new rules, it is assumed that everyone needs to obtain consent for the disclosure or use of any particular medical record for any kind of purpose, and when HIPAA does distinguish among purposes, it does so based on the needs of the individual."
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To Veg Or Not To Veg...?, 2008.
This paper discusses vegetarianism and looks at the value of a vegetarian diet.
864 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer first defines vegetarianism and notes that today, a vegetarian diet is one that contains little or no animal products. The writer discusses whether or not vegetarianism is worthwhile and maintains that vegetarianism is a truly healthy option but it is still a matter of choice. The important thing though is that going vegetarian or not going vegetarian should be an individual's choice and not rammed down one's throat. The writer concludes that as long as one is not stepping on another's toes, then "to veg" could indeed be the smart choice especially in this day and age where diseases of all sorts abound.
From the Paper
"When vegetarianism was starting to make headways in the United States, a lot of people construed it with religious practice especially those belonging to Buddhist, Hare Krishna or Hindu faith. That was the contemporary thinking then but now, vegetarianism has evolved from a matter of faith to a matter of health. Although none of my family members are vegetarians, I have several friends who have taken the practice and the jury is still not out though on how effective it really is or whether it is really a good and "normal" health habit. The strict definition of vegetarianism is diet consisting only of fruits and vegetables - no meat or animal by-products whatsoever."
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2008.
A look at the causes, treatment, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
2,007 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide even though it is not a contagious disease and how there is no know cure for COPD. It also looks at how COPD is a disease of the lungs caused by damage to the airways primarily due to cigarette smoking and how prolonged exposure to dust, chemicals and pollution also cause COPD. In addition, the paper describes the symptoms, causes, treatment, management and prevention of the disease. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes that if an individual smokes, the first and most critically important step in addressing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD is to quit smoking and to do so immediately.
Outline:
Introduction
COPD: Symptoms
Treatment of COPD
Goals of Treatment in COPD
COPD Medications
Components of the Pulmonary Rehab Program
Prevention of Progression of COPD
Management and Prevention of Problems
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"As stated in the previous section there are treatments for COPD and according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute "quitting smoking is the single most important thing" that the individual can do in order to reduce the risk of the development of 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to slow the progression of the disease COPD. The goals of treatment for COPD are: (1) to relieve the symptoms with no to little side experience of side effects; (2) to slow the disease progression; (3) to improve the individual's tolerance for exercise; (4) prevention and treatment of complications or onset of problems occurring suddenly; and (5) to improve the individuals' health overall. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Disease and Conditions Index, 2007) It is important to note that the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute relates that treatment of COPD is "different for each person" and that the individuals doctor might well refer the individual to a lung specialists or 'pulmonologist'. (2007) "
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Drug Testing in Nigeria, 2008.
An investigation into clinical trails carried out on children in Nigeria.
3,669 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper describes work carried out by researchers, Debora Spar and Adam Day, with regard to a clinical test of an experimental drug, Trovan, conducted in a Third World country under suspect conditions, with shoddy supervision and for questionable reasons. The paper relates that, though the Trovan trial was perhaps exceptional, it is also considered an example of what can happen when pharmaceutical corporations conduct research on humans in poor countries with bad supervision.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Analysis
Operational Analysis
Strategic Analysis
Recommendations
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"A nervous system infection, Meningitis can kill a child in a matter of hours if left untreated. It killed more than 12,000 children in six months in and around Kano, a mostly Muslim city. Pfizer, a pharmaceutical giant drug company saw this scenario as an opportunity to do clinical research on 200 live humans, while possibly helping sick people. Half of the 200 children received Trovan and the other half received a "proven meningitis treatment," ceftriaxone, though they administered a dose lower than recommended. Pfizer has maintained its records demonstrate that not one of the deaths could be linked to Trovan or to substandard treatment, and that the clinical study shows there is a better survival rate for patients on Trovan than for patients who receive the standard drug. Survivors sometimes sustain brain damage or other complications from the disease, even if they are "cured" (AP, p. 1)."
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