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State Limits, 2007.
An examination of Article I, Section 10 of the US Constitution.
1,283 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a discussion concerning how Article I, Section 10, "Limitations on States," became a part of the Constitution and what it sought to accomplish. The paper examines how this constitutional provision has changed over the years. The paper explains that Article I, Section 10 determines that matters concerned with war, treaty-making, the coinage of money and comparable issues concerning currency are prohibited to the states. Article I, Section 10 also prohibits both the states and Congress from passing bills of attainder and ex post facto laws, or granting titles of nobility.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Today, most discussions of constitutional law concern the better known civil liberties embodied in the first ten amendments in the Bill of Rights, but Article I, Section 10 of the U.S. Constitution contains some vitally important implications for civil liberties as well. In fact, absent this and other constitutional provisions, the United States might well have a king (or queen) today, but would not be able to defend itself based on a paucity of federal power to do so."
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Abortion, 2006.
A discussion regarding the contentious issue of whether or not abortion can ever be justified.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the controversial topic of abortion and the question of whether or not abortion can be justified. This paper focuses on South Dakota, USA where the ruling is that the only abortions allowed are those "designed or intended to prevent the death of a pregnant mother." The paper discusses how in the case of rape, incest, serious birth defects or preventing injury to the woman abortion will not be legally permitted.
Contents:
Introduction
The Case of Rape
In the Case of Health Reasons
From the Paper
"Iran is one such nation "Iranian Majlis (Parliament) recently passed a legislation which legalizes abortion for health reasons but adopted strict measures against termination of the unwanted pregnancies, the official IRNA news agency reported.
According to the new law, abortion will be a legal choice only if the mother's life is in danger or the fetus is malformed. (Iran pp). "
Recent research in the United States indicated that health reasons are the reason for 13 percent of requested abortions nationally (Frohwirth et al. pp)."Respondents wrote in a number of specific health reasons, from chronic or debilitating conditions such as cancer and cystic fibrosis to pregnancy-specific concerns such as gestational diabetes and morning sickness(Frohwirth et al. pp)."
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Judicial Powers and Limitations, 2007.
This paper discusses Article III and Amendment XI of the United States Constitution about the authority of the judicial system.
2,509 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Article III of the Constitution of the United States laid the foundation of the American judicial system. The paper discusses how the creation of a federal judiciary that was not subject directly to the various states was itself a revolutionary concept. The paper relates that many felt that Article III went too far in giving all extra-state matters to the federal courts and so Amendment XI was added that did not require all suits against and involving states, or those brought by foreign nationals or ambassadors, to be heard by the federal court. The paper illustrates how this debate over the degree of permissible judicial authority still continues today.
From the Paper
"The judiciary would represent one of the essential checks on the abuse of the new national power. A strong federal judicial branch would complement equally powerful legislative and executive branches. Similarly, in Federalist # 10, James Madison also argued for the importance of an all-embracing and powerful national government as an antidote to faction - "The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States." (Hamilton, Federalist # 9; Quinn, 1997, p. 77) A national system of courts would help smooth out the differences between the nation's various component parts."
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Martha Stewart, 2007.
An overview of the factors surrounding Martha Stewart's indictment.
1,004 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Martha Stewart, the CEO of 'Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, Inc', was found guilty on almost nine criminal counts including conspiracy, obstruction of justice and securities fraud. It looks at her life and the events leading up to her indictment and discusses whether she handled her indictment responsibly.
Outline
Introduction
The Martha Story
The ImClone Scandal
Handling of Indictment
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The ImClone Scandal shattered Martha's image and perfectionist persona. In the month of December, she was tipped by an assistant with the Merrill Lynch Company of stockbrokers regarding the stock of ImClone System, a pharmaceutical company. The Chairman of the Company was going to sell stock because of an upcoming bad report by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Erbitux, which had been thought to be a successful anti-cancer drug. Martha based on the tip sold her stock to save herself the petty profit. "She had 3,928 shares in ImClone worth $58.43 each, or a total of $229,513. If she had waited she would have sold stock that had slipped to $45.39. That would have meant she would have incurred a loss of $51,222" (Stephen, 2004)."
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No Child Left Behind Act, 2006.
This paper discusses the controversial No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, according to the United States Department of Education, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is necessary to promote scholastic achievement amongst American students by promoting stronger accountability, more freedom for states and communities, more choices for parents and proven education methods. The author points out that many people believe that it is a step in the right direction but see that it has some very serious flaws. The paper concludes that the real victims will be students left behind in failing schools because these schools do not possess the financial wherewithal to attract good teachers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Defining NCLB and Parental Involvement
Stronger Accountability for Results
More Freedom for States and Communities
More Choices for Parents
Proven Education Methods
Economic, Social and Political Institutions or Players
Factual Analysis
From the Paper
"As it relates to political institution, this Act is one of the policies that have emerged during the Bush administration; making the Bush administration a major player in the implementation of the act. Although there are republicans that are supportive of this act, there are other Republicans and Democrats alike that do not believe it will accomplish the goal of leaving no child behind. This has made this Act a hot button issue in the political world. State governments also have a great deal to loose or gain through the implementation of the Act."
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Governmental Wiretapping, 2006.
A discussion regarding the use of wiretapping by the US government, even though it has been deemed illegal.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the important questions of law that come into play when the topic of wiretapping is considered, even when it's the government doing the tapping. The paper further discusses how there are both federal and state statutes that govern the use of electronic recording equipment that make wiretapping of a conversation that the person is not a party to and without the consent of the parties involved, typically illegal. However, as a matter of national security, this is just what the United States government does each and every day. The paper reviews this issue and whether or not the government is justified in what, at first glance, appears to infringe on citizens' rights to privacy.
Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Wiretapping Overview
Wiretapping: A Historical Perspective
The NSA and Wiretapping
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Whether right or wrong, there is one thing for certain, wiretapping, by the government, has occurred for more than a century. Abraham Lincoln eavesdropped on telegraph conversations, during the American Civil War. Robert F. Kennedy used wiretapping to monitor the activity of Martin Luther King, Jr. Clinton's wiretapping led to the capture of Aldrich Ames, a former Soviet spy. And, most recently, in December 2005, George W. Bush was accused of violating the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and the US Constitution with wiretapping activities that his administration has insisted is necessary to keep America safe from terrorism ("Telephone tapping", 2006).
In 1928, Olmstead v. United States was argued in the Supreme Court and examined the question of whether or not the use of wiretapped phone conversations, obtained by federal agents, without judicial approval, was a violation of the defendant's Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights. The court ruled, in a 5-4 vote, that the defendant's rights were not violated ("Olmstead", 2006). However, nearly forty years later, this decision would be overturned."
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Article III of the Constitution, 2007.
This paper explores the federal judiciary in the United States.
1,188 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how although the Constitution was brief and vague in its description of the judicial branch, the role of the federal courts has become increasingly defined throughout the years. The paper relates that the federal judiciary is comprised of three layers. The paper describes the district courts, the appellate layer and finally the U.S. Supreme Court. The paper explains that these three levels of the courts represent the division and separation of powers that is a hallmark of the US government. The paper emphasizes that the Supreme Court's role as the final word at the top of the federal court system is a serious one and appointments and decisions are made with the posterity of the nation in mind.
From the Paper
"The federal judiciary is comprised of three layers. At the bottom layer are the courts that are known as the "workhorses" of the federal judiciary. There are currently 94 of these district courts that have original jurisdiction in many kinds of cases. The district courts may hear civil and criminal cases, but "roughly 80 percent of them are civil cases" (Greenberg & Page 425). Such civil cases may be antitrust cases or disputes between citizens or states. The criminal cases "include violations of federal criminal laws, such as bank robbery, interstate drug trafficking, and kidnapping"."
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Criminal Justice, 2007.
An examination of the basis and implications of the exclusionary law of evidence collection.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of the exclusionary rule in criminal justice. Specifically, it describes the basis for the rule that puts restrictions on the way in which the police department can conduct a search, when they can search and where they can search. It describes the basis of this rule as being the suspected criminal's rights under the Fourth Amendment and discusses the implications of this law for criminal justice.
From the Paper
"The exclusionary rule is "the principle that the prosecution in a criminal case may not use evidence obtained in violation of the Constitution, particularly evidence derived from illegal search and seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment" (Clapp, 2000, p. 169). The purpose of the exclusionary rule is to curb illegal and invasive behavior by law enforcement by putting restrictions on the way in which they can conduct a search, when they can search, and where they can search. Furthermore, it makes sure that the police have ample evidence to believe that the place and/or person to be searched contains the vital evidence for which they are looking."
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Capital Punishment, 2006.
This paper examines at what age the death penalty should become an option for punishment for a person convicted of first degree murder.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses at what age the death penalty should become an option for punishment for juvenile capital offenses and looks at relevant statistics. An analysis of data is performed through calculations of the answers provided in the questionnaire. Data analysis is further offered through a review of available, peer-reviewed, recent literature related to the death penalty in individual states and in some of the states as based on Department of Justice Bureau Statistics. The writer also considers trends in legislation, public opinion trends and trends in recent case-law.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Statement of Problem
Hypothesis
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Prediction of Research
Literature Review
Summary of Review of Literature and Findings of the Study
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Department of Justice Bureau of Statistics Report for 2004 shows trending related to capital punishment rising from 1974 into the early eighties and continuing to rise until the last few years of the 1990's decade and declining steadily to below the 1974 rate. In 1974 there were 149 individuals put to death in U.S. prisons, the figure rose showing a number of 223 in 1981 rising to 299 in 1986 and topping out in the year of 1996 at 317 prisoners executed for the year. In the year 2004 only 128 prisoners were put to death by execution in the U.S. The following is a listing of the number of executions by individual U.S. State totals spanning the years 1977 through 2004."
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American Dream and Criminology, 2006.
This paper examines how the American dream may relate to crime.
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the theory, proposed by Steven F. Messner and Richard Rosenfeld, that the American dream may in fact be a major causal factor in crime and criminal behavior. The writer explains that this theory, known as institutional anomie theory or more simply as the American dream theory, suggests that the relentless pursuit of material success creates anomie, a state of social lawlessness. Further, the writer notes that anomie in turn causes crime, which is in many cases the easiest and quickest way of fulfilling the American dream. The writer also discusses this theory as depicted in Martin Scorsese's 1990 film 'Goodfellas'. The writer concludes that policy changes need to be targeted at restructuring social norms, values and beliefs.
From the Paper
"Moreover, Messner and Rosenfeld point out that the values and beliefs underlying the American Dream also erode cultural values and subsequently lead to anomie. The American Dream has led to enormous structural changes within American society, and nearly every political, economic, social, and even spiritual institution operates under its spell. Messner and Rosenfeld's theories can be illuminated through the depiction of organized crime in films such as Martin Scorcese's 1990 Goodfellas, starring Ray Liotta, Robert DeNiro, and Joe Pesci. Based on the true story of Henry Hill, Goodfellas illustrates how the American Dream is a major causal factor in criminal behavior, showing also how law enforcement institutions cannot adequately address crime without there first being a major upheaval of values, norms, and beliefs in the society."
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Plagiarism, 2006.
This paper discusses the concepts of plagiarism and integrity.
1,573 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a definition of plagiarism and discusses how two groups are particularly concerned with plagiarism of the written word; universities and the media. The paper discusses these two situations and presents an example of a journalist who was penalized for plagiarism. The paper examines how problems associated with plagiarism are complex and not as clear-cut as might be assumed. Different people may define plagiarism differently and the definition decides whether a person actually plagiarized or not. The paper concludes that educating students in depth about the nature of plagiarism and how to avoid it could be a good first step to allowing a university to deal effectively with the issue of plagiarism.
Outline:
Definition
Example
Plagiarism in College
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Looking at various articles on the topic showed a variety of definitions. One writer said that academically, making an honest mistake does not constitute plagiarism. This writer defined plagiarism as a "dishonest process that requires a methodical approach of its own (Hinkson, 2002). Applying such a standard to the definition clarifies its status as intellectual theft and shows its relationship to other forms of theft, where the thief works from a plan and intends to steal."
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Bilingual Education Acts of 1968 and 1974, 2006.
A discussion on the implications of the Bilingual Education Act for classrooms and students.
866 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the background and history of the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, as well as the amendments made to it in 1974, in the United States. The paper examines their contents, and discusses their implication for English language learners (ELL) classrooms and students.
Table of Contents:
Background and History
The Bilingual Education Act of 1968
The 1974 Amendment to the Bilingual Education Act
Implications of Title VII
From the Paper
"In 1967, Senator Yarborough of Texas introduced a bill in the Congress proposing to provide federal assistance to school districts specifically for LESA students. Although its scope was initially limited to Spanish-speaking students, the initiative led to the passing of a wide-ranging bill that became known as Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) or the Bilingual Education Act, which was signed into law by President Johnson in January 1968. The Act provided federal funds directly to school districts for developing special educational programs and provision of materials for students with limited English abilities, training for teachers, and parent involvement projects (ibid; Escamilla, 1989.)."
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The HIPAA Privacy Law, 2006.
This paper examines the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how as a result of the enormous increase in accessibility to information with respect to personal data, including a great deal of healthcare information, the government has initiated changes in laws regarding the confidentiality of information. The paper examines the HIPAA, the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, and explains the tenets of this legislation. This includes ensuring that healthcare professionals are properly trained in HIPAA compliance and aware of the legal consequences of committing an infraction as HIPAA will, in the end, have far reaching consequences for both patient and provider.
From the Paper
"HIPAA is an acronym of the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 wherein federal legislation was formatted to ensure, through compliance, the safety and security of patient confidentiality of all health care matters as applied to the storing and transmission of patient information (Public Law 104-191, Aug. 21, 1996). The "Law" also made significant provisions to combat health insurance fraud, eases the flow of needed insurance information (HIPAA, 1996), promote the continuity of health coverage for subscribers, improve admittance to long-term care facilities for those in need. The most significant part of the Act impacting upon the healthcare profession is Section 1177: Wrongful Disclosure of Individually Identifiable Health Information and Patient Privacy Compliance. The remainder of this section will, therefore, take a closer look at the aforementioned privacy tenets."
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Unions, 2006.
A discussion of the history and value of the unions.
2,115 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of unions and how they function in today's society. It describes the unions starting due to the status of the employees of the railway system becoming vital to their continued operation. It goes on to describe the laws surrounding unions as having their ultimate goal as the protection of rights for individual workers while also protecting the right of employers and consumers to the continued flow of commerce.
Table of Contents:
History
Constitutionality
Structure of Advisory Boards
"Cooling off" Periods and Strikes
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The National Labor Relations Act, 8(d) establishes the waiting periods for organizations under the jurisdiction of the NLRB; it requires a thirty day written notice by the party which intends to re-negotiate a collective bargaining agreement before the expiration of the contract (NLRA 8(a)(5) or 8(b)(3)). Subsequently, within thirty days of this notification, the party must also notify the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service of their intent not to renew the CBA. Finally, a waiting period of sixty days after this second notice is served is required before any lockout or strike actions are taken by either party involved in the dispute (ibid.)."
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AIDS, 2006.
A discussion on discrimination towards homosexual people, due to a fear of HIV/AIDS.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper is written in the form of a case study, discussing the issue of discrimination towards people with HIV and AIDS. It discusses the ambulance service avoiding gay houses and the implications of this as a violation of the sex and AIDS discrimination ordinance. The paper discusses the ramifications for a social worker who knows the issue and her ethical responsibilities in this case.
From the Paper
"In this case, Jody is faced with competing ethical values. On the one hand, by his profession and by common social standards he has to fight AIDS discrimination without any consideration of the authority or the social stature of the culpable persons.[NASW] This would involve taking legal actions and publicizing the wrongful behavior of the city council president and the ambulance drivers. Since the ambulance drivers in this case are in flagrant violation of the code of ethics attached to their profession they do not merit any consideration or leniency."
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