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Cultural Misunderstandings Versus Police Misconduct, 2007.
An analysis of the cultural misunderstandings and racial discrimination that can occur in law enforcement.
1,579 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses cultural diversity and misunderstandings, as well as the police misconduct that might be seen when cultures collide. It begins by discussing the importance of cultural diversity in society and then goes on to describe some of the clashes that can occur due to this diversity. The paper also discusses racial discrimination and how it can be seen in law enforcement, as well as society in general.
From the Paper
"At the same time, black judges were more likely to incarcerate white offenders than black offenders (Coker, 2003). All of this information suggests that, while not all studies agree, overall it appears that blacks are incarcerated more often than whites, given harsher sentences, and are generally discriminated against in various facets of life. While the justice system is certainly one of those areas, it is not the only area where blacks are discriminated against, and many of the prejudices that were shown toward blacks and other minorities in the past still remain today, which is a cause for action in the criminal justice system and in other facets of life as well. The color of one's skin should have nothing to do with the quality of the person and therefore all people should be judged for who they are and what they have or have not done, regardless of what color skin they have or where they come from."
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Driving While Intoxicated (DWI), 2006.
Discusses the writer's personal experience of being hit by someone who was driving while intoxicated (DWI).
869 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper reflects the author's personal experience of being hit by a drunk driver. According to the paper, no mercy needs to be shown to drunk drivers; the maximum allowable blood alcohol content (BAC) should only be 0.05%, and there should be a zero tolerance program for young men and teenage boy drivers caught driving while intoxicated.
From the Paper
"My truck wasn't drivable but the door worked. I got out and could hear the glass pop off my clothes and make weird sounds like Rick Krispies popping in a cereal bowl, and when I got to the Mercedes I could see these two guys, drenched in gin, beer, and glass. They were laughing. From ten feet away you could smell the alcohol. When I asked them if they were alright, they gave some quick answer and tried to get the car to move. It wouldn't. I asked them for their insurance and they rattled off some expletives and told me to go to hell and asked if I knew who their father was. However he was, he was going to be very angry when he saw that brown Mercedes, it was totaled."
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Feminist Jurisprudence, 2006.
A discussion regarding feminist jurisprudence and landmark decisions relating to gender.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the topic of feminist jurisprudence. According to the paper, feminist jurisprudence as a philosophy and practical enterprise began in the 1960s. The paper continues saying that the foundation of feminist jurisprudence lies in the struggle for equal rights and against gender discrimination. It is essentially based on the view that societies have shown a tendency towards gender subjugation and discrimination.
From the Paper
"Sexual harassment in the workplace has been the focus of some important legal decisions. The first sexual harassment case in the United States is considered to be Barnes v. Train (1974). Another landmark case which established sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination was Williams v. Saxbe, 1976. This case showed that "...when sexual advances by a male supervisor towards a female employee, if proven, would be deemed an artificial barrier to employment placed before one gender and not another. " (Sexual harassment) The issue of sexual harassment was also spelt out by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) which issued various regulations in 1980 and which stated that sexual harassment was in fact a form of gender discrimination that related to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. "
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HIPAA and PACS, 2006.
A review of the relationship between HIPAA and PACS regarding the delivery of healthcare.
2,999 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the personal access communication system (PACS) and discusses how they relate to each other.
The paper presents a detailed examination of the HIPAA act and the PACS program to determine whether they collide or coincide with each other.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Hypothesis
Discussion Through Literature
Collide or Coincide
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first indicator that PACS dovetails with HIPAA is the need for passwords and various codes to get into the system and maneuver around its components. When PACS is first installed there is a training period in which those who will be working with the medical imaging department will be trained in how to use passwords and codes to open and enter the system. In addition, many hospitals and other medical facilities have opted to change and rotate passwords on a frequent basis thereby reducing even further the chance that the information contained within the storage area of the system will be accessible by a hacker. "
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Murder Comparison, 2007.
This paper provides a comparison of purposeful murder and reckless manslaughter.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the idea of purposeful murder is one that has been in the statutes of various states for some time. The writer notes that generally, crimes that are planned, or premeditated, are seen as being much more significant and worthy of much more prison time or harsher penalties than crimes that are not planned and just 'happen' because of the provocation that an individual faces from someone else, such as in a fight. The writer discusses two different cases and then notes that it is clear that there are many differences in the issues that relate to culpability, conduct and causation, which is why the verdicts ended up much different for the two individuals involved. The writer points out that this makes a strong difference in the severity of the penalties that the individuals received and the way that the court determined what these individuals were actually guilty of where each case was concerned.
Outline:
Purposeful Murder
Reckless Manslaughter
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the case discussed where reckless manslaughter is concerned, the individual in question had two altercations with a bouncer in a bar, and then later shot another man, who he then claimed he thought was the bouncer from the bar. The original jury did not agree with this, but the other court reversed that verdict and determined that the individual was indeed guilty of reckless manslaughter and not purposeful murder. There were specific reasons why the new assessment of the case determined that the man was guilty 'only' of reckless manslaughter as opposed to purposeful murder. These include the culpability, causation, and conduct elements that are seen in a manslaughter conviction."
"Where culpability is concerned, it is clear that the convicted man was the one that killed the other man, who he states he believed to be the bouncer from the bar. However, the man was also quite drunk at the time, and therefore his judgment of who was who, as well as his judgment of how upset he should be for being denied entrance to the bar, was likely impaired."
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Crime in New York, 2007.
This paper discusses statistics regarding violence and crime in the city of New York.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper points out that from the 25 largest cities in the US, New York shows the lowest level of crime. The paper further points out that the reduction in crime is a continuous result of fifteen years of change, that has brought along a feeling of security in the areas once known as dangerous. The paper then considers reports and statistics concerning various types of crime. Next, the paper explores reasons and factors which have determined the fall in the level of criminality. The writer of the paper concludes that one cannot say that every sector of the city had a diminished level of criminality. The writer maintains that the diminished level of criminality must be regarded as a whole, with each district of New York contributing more or less to the final outcome.
From the Paper
"As the charts prove, there has been a decrease in the number of murders, larceny thefts, assaults, burglaries and vehicle thefts. As for rape and robbery one can notice that year 2005 has brought a slight increase in the percentage comparatively with the previous year, meaning 2004."
"The writer believes that these drops in criminal activity are not due only to the better coordination of the police compared to the previous years. The writer has to admit, though, that the greatest part may have been achieved by it. How? By employing a greater number of officers; by patrolling the streets more often; by harshening the controls made to prospective criminals; by keeping a more developed database containing names of criminals, pictures and all aspects related to them; by going online with this database (as far as their internal rules permit) and by raising awareness among inhabitants of the city."
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Workplace Privacy, 2007.
An analysis of the legal and ethical ramifications of employee testing and surveillance.
1,688 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses workplace privacy. It looks at the new and increasingly controversial ways in which employers can impinge upon an employee's privacy, such as drug testing, genetic testing and electronic surveillance. It then discusses, in detail, the legal and ethical ramifications of employers using these tools and how they can impact on the workplace.
From the Paper
"From the utilitarian standpoint, it is certainly imaginable that genetic testing, drug testing, and electronic surveillance might contribute to the overall good by increasing the output of various businesses. However, it is also imaginable that the negative aspects associated with these measures might detract from the total happiness of society: increased surveillance and the inability to use certain drugs might decrease employee contentedness; meanwhile, genetic testing might leave major subsets of society out of the economy and impoverished. Deontologically, people might take a stand for personal physical privacy as an innate moral good; yet, precisely what each deontologist might define privacy to be may vary. Consequently, some deontologists might think that workplace surveillance and drug tests are morally acceptable, while genetic tests are not. Others might organize their beliefs differently--all measures may be seen as morally unacceptable, for instance. Essentially, attesting to be either a utilitarian or a deontologist gives little indication of which way an individual might lean with respect to physical privacy in the workplace."
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Death with Dignity Act (DWDA), 2006.
This paper is a literature review of physician-assisted suicide and a policy analysis of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act (DWDA)
7,800 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that some of the issues regarding physician-assisted suicide are the evolution of rights, ethics and "the slippery slope" argument. The author points out that the issue of physician-assisted suicide has rapidly moved from being a secret, marginal matter to a real topic of discussion for most people in the United States. The paper contends that the issue of physician-assisted suicide is related to the availability of end-of-life palliative care.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Dr. Jack Kevorkian
The Federal Government and States Treat Physician-Assisted Suicide in the Courts
Doctors Speak Their Mind on Physician-Assisted Suicide
Scope of the Problem
A Question of Healthcare
Do The Terminally Ill Really Want Physician-Assisted Suicide?
Breakdown of Policy
Legislative Counsel Committee of the Oregon Legislative Assembly
How the Act Was Brought Into Being
Subsequent Progression to Present Day
From the Paper
"In 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that affected assisted suicide and made it illegal. They overturned rulings in the 2nd and 9th Circuit Courts of Appeal striking down state statutes banning physician-assisted suicide. Those statutes, which prohibited doctors from prescribing lethal medication to competent, terminally ill adults, were found to violate the 14th Amendment. In striking the appellate decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court basically declared that no constitutional "right to die" existed, but individual states might enact legislation permitting or prohibiting physician-assisted suicide."
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Public Policy-Making Process, 2006.
A review of public policy making and the public policy-making process.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the process of public policy making. According to the paper, the policy making process that occurs in governmental organizations is a complex process that involves many organizations and entities, and is inclusive of several stages in the policy-making process. The paper further discusses the thesis of Charles E. Lindblom and Edward Woodhouse.
Outline:
Introduction
The Nature of Policy
Different Kinds of Policy Analysis
How Perceived Problems gets on the Public Agenda
The Major Players in the Process
The Decision-Making Processes Used to Adopt Policies
The Environment Within Which Policy Must Take Place
How Federalism Impacts the Policy-Making Process
Assessment of the Process Using the Thesis of Lindblom and Woodhouse
From the Paper
"Policy analysis is stated to have its limitations in the work of Lindblom and Woodhouse and the policy-makers are generally given too much advice or information which is incidentally extensive but does not offer a contrary or different point of view. Another limitation exists in the fact that while one group would hold that the correct action was taken yet another group would believe that the action was incorrect and this is based on individual reasoning. Stated is: "There runs a deep and wide river of information and opinion fed by many springs, from formal research projects to letters to the editor, some of which makes it way into the thinking of those with direct influence over policy." [p.15]"
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Alger Hiss, 2007.
An analysis of the implications of the Alger Hiss spy scandal in the United States.
4,297 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Alger Hiss spy scandal which pointed out a series of problems the American intelligence community faced during the Cold War years. The paper also discusses the way in which this case represented a milestone in the judicial practice of the US courts, especially because they relied on official documents to support and make their decision.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, documents such as no 1579 point out a different controversy. Apparently the name "Hiss" is mentioned in the 1943 telegram sent from New York to Moscow, which would conclude that the Russian secret intelligence was well aware of Alger Hiss and in good contact with him. However, opposing opinions draw the attention on the fact that "the name 'Hiss' was not translated by the Venona cryptanalysts, because it appeared just that way in the original: 'Spelled out in the Latin alphabet'" . Moreover, the absence of the first name did not indicate clearly whether it was Alger or his brother, both engaged in the State Department activities. Lowenthal concludes that considering the fact that "Hiss' is the only one of the six real names in the GRU message that appears without a first name and without a cover name", the document would not indicate Hiss to be a spy, but rather a reference."
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Music Downloads, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical and legal implications of downloading music for free off the Internet.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This three page paper presents a discussion about the downloading of music off of the Internet. The writer argues that it has a tremendous impact on society and the music industry by decreasing profits to the musicians and music centers. It discusses the ethical implications of downloading music for free and discusses laws that are necessary to prevent this.
From the Paper
"Why should artists continue to write new songs, perform on stage and put them to cd if they are not going to be paid for their efforts? Would you go to work if at the end of the week you didn't get a paycheck? Downloading music instead of paying for the cd or privilege will have long reaching affects on society. It will discourage artists from producing new material and it will teach future generations that stealing is okay as long as one doesn't get caught. Both of these options have negative impacts on society. "In a period of lackluster sales, illegal downloading isn't the only factor affecting the depressed music industry. Disgruntled consumers have contributed significantly to the decline in retail music sales. Retail music sales, valued at $12.5 billion in 2005, are predicted to fall to $10.5 billion by 2010, according to a recent Mintel report (Spotlight, 2006).""
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McCullough v. Maryland, 2007.
This paper describes the significance of the US Supreme Court decision in McCullough v. Maryland.
1,596 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author argues that McCullough v. Maryland was one of the most important Supreme Court decisions in history. The paper gives a background to the case, which began in 1791, and shows how the decision applies in modern times. The author describes the difficulties for today's audiences to understand the case's importance. Therefore, the writer stresses understanding the case's principles, not details.
From the Paper
"From a modern perspective, it can be difficult to understand the key issues that the Supreme Court resolved in the dispute. First, a modern audience may have a difficult time understanding why the states had an issue with the idea of a national bank. However, in the time period immediately following the Revolutionary War there was a huge dispute in the Federal government regarding the Federal government's ability to run such a bank..."
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Canons of Professional Ethics for Attorneys, 2007.
This paper describes the Canons of Professional Ethics for Attorneys and its current relevance to the profession.
1,173 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author argues that the Canons of Professional Ethics written for attorneys in the early 1900's are no longer relevant. The paper gives a brief historic background of the Canon's adoption, then highlights the major points of contention, showing point by point how the Canons no longer apply. The author further contends that the Canons often fail to embrace the realities of the legal profession, especially of defense attorneys who must often defend unpopular clients or even for attorneys who wish to solicit business. The writer describes the Canons as often vague, contradictory, and unenforceable.
From the Paper
"Many of the Canons could actually subvert the intention of attorneys to represent clients to their fullest extent. Consider the working Canon 28: "It is unprofessional for a lawyer to volunteer advice to bring a lawsuit, except in rare cases where ties of blood, relationship, or trust make it his duty to do so." (Hurld, 2004) Yes, this would forbid ambulance chasing or advertisements asking a parent of a sick child if medical malpractice might be the cause of their child's infirmity, the sort of attorney advertising and grandstanding non-lawyers enjoy pointing to, when these laypersons explain why they despise attorneys."
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Oregon Death with Dignity Act, 2007.
This paper discusses the Oregon Death with Dignity Act.
1,494 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper details recent legislation on assisted suicide known as the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. David Gil's Policy Analysis Framework is used to analyze the new law. According to Gil's analysis, the "objective" of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act is to settle the dispute as to what the desires of an incapacitated person really are. The author concludes that as a result of the enactment of this law, the number of physician-assisted suicides will continue to grow, and disability supporters will protest and try to bring awareness to the general public.
From the Paper
"The danger of defining "terminal" with time limits or definitions of illness is that these limits may be defined differently by different doctors. In the Netherlands "terminal" is simply "concrete expectancy of death" and time limits and definitions of "terminal illness" have been fastidiously avoided, to protect both the ill and their physicians when a terminal illness or mental state cannot be judged within these limits. Patients may suffer long past the six months that the doctor assumes is remaining for the patient. (Marker, 2006) In Oregon, the legal interpretation of "terminal disease" is "an incurable and irreversible disease that has been medically confirmed and will, within reasonable medical judgment, produce death within six months." [1995 c.3 s.1.01; 1999 c.423 s.1] (Definitions, 12)"
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RIAA - Internet Music Downloads, 2005.
A review of issues surrounding downloading music from the Internet.
1,221 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at music downloads. The paper reviews how music is downloaded via the Internet, and various issues relating to music downloads. The paper also discusses whether this is illegal or not.
Outline:
Introduction
How Music is Downloaded from the Internet
The Threats of Music Downloading
Music Downloading : Why is it Illegal?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At first, it may seem that ease of downloading music from the Internet will produce nothing but positive impact to the consumers. They will be able to get and enjoy music for free. They will be able to share music to their friends without limits or boundaries. However, the fact remains that copying or downloading music from the internet is piracy. It is copying without proper consent from the real owners. It is copying and reproducing without notifying the people who have shed great efforts in producing such music. Thus, honor, credibility and integrity of the consumer is being wage. "
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