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Social work and Advanced Directives, 2007.
This paper examines living wills and advance directives as part of the services a social worker provides.
1,451 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses end-of-life decisions, advance directives and patient advocacy that are issues within the scope of the health care social worker. The paper shows how the complexity of legal and medical issues involved in the creation of a living will and/or providing surrogate instructions is beyond the medical or legal training of the social worker.
From the Paper
"A social worker acts as a patient advocate. Social workers are charged with promoting patient respect and respect in treatment in end-of-life situations. The National Association of Social Workers was one of the first professional organizations to actively participate in support of the ethical dilemmas inherent in caring for individuals during end of life circumstances by issuing the formal policy statement "Client Self-Determination in End-of-Life Decisions in 1993 (Luptak, 2004). In the area of living wills, the social worker should only be part of a team that can help you address end-of-life issues and decisions and the member of the team to assure that other healthcare providers such as doctors and other facility staff know of your decisions ("How social workers," 2004). In the health care social worker's job, no task is more important than advocating for patients' wishes in end of life decisions."
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National Security in Canada, 2007.
This paper examines the threat the new national security regime poses to Canadians.
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Agency of Canada (PSEPC) and the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) in order to assess if these organizations are infringing upon the privacy of Canadians and whether this infringement is justifiable. The paper discusses the Canadian Constitution and how the new security regime has the potential to undermine certain sections of it, posing risks to privacy rights.
From the Paper
"There can be little doubt that national security has become a major preoccupation of the Canadian government in light of the events of 9/11. According to the Canadian government - and to similar materials contained in our course notes - the national security plan emerging from that traumatic event is explicitly committed to protecting Canadians at home and where they reside abroad; the plan also mandates that the federal government do whatever it can to ensure Canada does not become a base for terrorist threats directed against allies - most notably the United States (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada, "Securing an Open Society: Canada's National Security Policy," para.1-5)."
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Freedom of Religion, 2007.
A review of the "Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah" Supreme Court decision of 1993 and its implications for freedom of religion.
1,519 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the "Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah" Supreme Court decision of 1993 and its significance to the issue of freedom of religion. In particular, it discusses the legal rationale informing the High Court's final decision and the strength of the final decision. It also briefly describes the relationship of the case to previous court precedents. Finally, the paper analyzes the legal and political repercussions of the ruling and looks at the current status of the law.
From the Paper
"As an important addendum to what has been written thus far, it must be noted that the "strength" of the final decision was fairly conclusive: despite three concurrences by Justices Scalia, Souter and Blackmun and a separate opinion by Kennedy, the final Court decision appears to have been a unanimous one - although the concurrences are interesting to read more than thirteen years after their original publication inasmuch as they show curious divergences among the Justices vis-a-vis certain subtleties in the interpretation of constitutional freedoms/protections for religious groups. Most notably, Justice Scalia opposed Section Two of Part II-A of the Court's opinion on the grounds that it paid scant attention to the fact that "neutral" or "generally applicable" laws can also be laws that target a particular religion for invidious distinction and discriminatory treatment. Nonetheless, one would be hard-pressed to argue that the presiding Justices disagreed on the fundamental question of whether or not the Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye was a victim of discrimination."
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War on Drugs, 2007.
This paper analyzes past, present and future implications of the criminal justice system for the war on drugs.
1,668 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the past history of the war on drugs is centered on the arrests made against non-violent criminals who were found guilt of carrying, using, and dealing many different types of drugs. In many cases, non-violent drug offenders were often placed into prisons or jails with violent offenders. The writer points out that this was often the case with the war on drugs, as the charges brought against these offenders would often bring about stiff sentences that made them eligible to be placed alongside violent criminals in prison populations. The writer then looks at changes in legislation regarding the use of drugs. The writer also discusses how the legalization of marijuana could be helpful in solving the high prison populations and growing violence associated with drug offenses. The writer concludes that the criminal justice system must begin to realize the inefficacy of inappropriate prison sentencing and brutal reactionary police force that is currently doing very little to help fight the war on drugs.
Outline:
A Past History: High Arrest Rates and Violent Crime for the War on Drugs
Present Issues in the Criminal Justice System and the Affects of the Drug War on Prison Populations
Legalization: Future Implications for the War on Drugs
From the Paper
"Since President Nixon officially declared war on the drug markets in America, these legislative actions have led to the arrest of many thousands of drug offenders nationwide. Ronald Reagan played a large part in organizing funding for police and for the prisons that would incarcerate drug offenders after arrests were made. The 1970s and the 1980s saw a steady growth of law enforcement directives that sought to arrest and take off the streets drugs that were said to be causing urban decay and increasing violence in local communities. The criminal justice system was given the edict of minimum sentences for drug abusers and dealers, since the law dictated an unlimited amount of prison time for persons carrying even the smallest amount of drugs in their position."
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Cluster Bombs, 2007.
This paper presents a persuasive argument for outlawing the use of the cluster bomb.
1,558 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Iraq conflict with regard to the issues surrounding cluster bombs and the humanitarian threat their legality poses. The paper explains that cluster bombs are not always discriminating in their targets, and once fallen, bomblets can remain inactive for some time before exploding. The paper contends that cluster bombs pose an unacceptable risk to civilians, especially children and discusses the lack of global legislation forbidding cluster bomb use. The paper looks at some nations' actions in improving the reliability of cluster munitions, but claims that this does not help when countries use old stockpiles. The paper strongly asserts that it is time for the cluster bomb to be made illegal on the international stage.
Outline:
Introduction
Cluster Bombs: The Facts At A Glance
Cluster Bombs: Position By Country
Are Cluster Bombs Illegal?
Why Cluster Bombs Should Be Made Illegal
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The cluster bomb and its legitimacy as a weapon of war has recently come under fire, hot on the tails of use during recent conflicts in Iraq, Kosovo and Afghanistan. Concerns over the power of the weapon have primarily been humanitarian, as cluster bombs - shells which release submunitions, or bomblets, from either air or land, with the intention of killing "soft" targets such as enemy soldiers - are unreliable, shedding highly explosive and volatile submunitions over a wide area, often failing to explode on immediate impact. As the target area related to the cluster bomb is wide, and as apparently faulty cluster bombs may be later activated by accidental interference, the threat to civilians lives from delayed detonation is high. Recent media attention on cluster bombs has focused on the loss of civilian life in Iraq, one of the most prominent armed conflicts of recent times."
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Intellectual Property, 2007.
An examination of how intellectual property will impact the legal profession.
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ways in which the field of intellectual property and property rights impacts the future of the legal profession. It discusses ways in which law will change due to this new form of property rights. The paper also discusses how this change in law has affected the writer of this article and how it impacts his future career plans.
From the Paper
"Before I bring this paper to a close, I also want to add that the field of intellectual property rights will increasingly impact the legal profession simply because the growth of an innovation-driven service-based economy will bring into ever-sharper focus the tension between ensuring that private companies have every opportunity to protect themselves from others "stealing" their ideas (this is a central aim of trade secret law, or so it seems) and ensuring that the public is able to fully avail itself of every idea that springs from the minds of men and women (Shilling, 18B). As someone interested in both the free flow of ideas and in securing for as many people as possible the full riches "they have coming" for a new innovation, this underlying tension is an extraordinarily rich and exciting topic for me to explore."
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Title IX, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of Title IX on sports participation opportunities in college.
719 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of Title IX on college sports. The paper discusses the effects of activists using Title IX empowerment to advocate for women's sports teams and how and why conservatives resisted their efforts. It shows the development of the concept of women's sports teams and how participation opportunities for both male and female athletes have significantly increased since the passage of Title IX into law during the Nixon Administration.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, Title IX was signed into law by President Nixon on June 23, 1972 and prohibits sex discrimination in any education program or activity, within an institution receiving any type of Federal financial assistance. Because of the broad nature of Title IX legal language and the attitudes of some conservatives about the role of women in society, Title IX has been controversial. But since it became law it has enabled millions of women to participate in college sports, and that benefit far outweighs any relatively minor impact on men's teams or university budgets."
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Crime Environment, 2007.
This paper discusses the role of environment in crime research.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that crime and the physical environment, as criminologists and researchers state, are two closely related concepts. The writer then notes that the exact nature of the relationship between crime and the environment has, however, come under much debate. The writer discusses that, though studies reveal a multitude of conflicting findings, it appears that the correlation between crime and the environment is determined by interactive and complex factors, involving much variation at the level of spatial and temporal determination. The writer maintains that crime and environment are interwoven in a complex tapestry of factors interpreted by the criminal, such as nodes, paths, edges, and the environmental backcloth of the situation - of which the criminal himself is an integral part.
Outline:
Introduction
Crime & The Environment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The researchers believe that crime should be investigated as a broad range of behaviour which comes from individual incentives. The environment works primarily in that it makes the offender feel comfortable about committing the crime. An individual may feel that an environment is suitable for crime based on physical factors such as the type of neighbourhood, the crime site's exact location, the crime's surrounding street layout and other factors that are social, psychological and physical. These latter factors include the location's sense of territoriality, the socioeconomic status of the criminal and crime area inhabitants, the readiness of the criminal, triggers, the criminal's routine behaviour and familiarity with a crime area, awareness and activity space, opportunity, layout of the city and streets, potential suitable targets, surveillability of the crime area, the building construction within crime areas and edges and nodes defining the crime area."
"People have been long aware of the effect the environment has upon criminal behaviour. In fact, historically crime was viewed as very environment-based and solutions to crime were based on environmental changes."
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Tort of Negligence and Patient Information, 2007.
A case study presentation discussing the issues of consent and liability in the Australian medical field.
4,357 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a shift in Australian law towards the rights of the patient as compared to medical standards or the expertise and discretion of the doctor. It focuses on how this shift has created a crisis of insurance and malpractice claims in Australia. The paper presents a hypothetical case study centered on a patient, Rhonda, advised to undergo surgery in order to investigate a possible malignancy situated near the spinal column. The paper then discusses the consent and liability issues that are associated with the case.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Refusal versus Consent
If Consent was Given
The Hospital's Possible Liability
Defences against Rhonda's Possible Claims
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"An obvious weakness in the Patient's Rights approach which demands that physicians produce all possible information regarding proposed procedures or treatments towards informed patient consent rests in matters of sheer information, the ability of the patient to interpret it, and with doctors relying on the research community as a kind of de facto alibi it is not meant to be in order to reduce their personal liability. One does see the room for sometimes ludicrous results in cases of routine procedures, not to mention in dealings with patients or their guardians of kinds apt to sue opportunistically. Despite altered tort law hoped to remove the worst effects of the medical indemnity and insurance crises it seems likely that conservatism may prevail, for some years, in Australian medicine. As in the U.S. and elsewhere affected by much litigation, a typical response on the part of doctors is to recommend treatments including surgery sparingly."
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Online Gambling, 2007.
A discussion on the legalization of online gambling.
2,276 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at both sides of the argument for Internet gambling. It discusses how the uncertainty about the legal status of gambling has not prevented millions from continuing to use online services. It also discusses how, to a degree, online gambling is de facto legalized already just because there seems to be no way to stop it and how what might be preferable would be for the government to regulate online gambling in order to protect the consumer, tax revenues, and keep children from gambling.
From the Paper
"Congress has been considering whether to regulate Internet gambling and how to do so, but observers note that lawmakers are facing great odds in doing so. Some one million Americans are believed to place bets online each day, which makes online gambling a $6 billion industry. One count has it that some 4.5 million Americans have placed a bet online at some time. This includes horse race bets, which can be placed in twelve states. Existing law makes it illegal to use businesses that use telephones or any "wire communication facility" to place bets across state lines. The Justice Department believes that this includes the Internet, though that has not been firmly established in case law to date: "Because the betting is done privately, on personal computers in homes, college dorms and office cubicles, it is difficult for states to prosecute" (Wendland, 2003, para. 10). It is even more difficult to b ring a case against the operators of online sites because they often operate from overseas. "
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"Vindicating the Founders", 2007.
An analysis of Robert G. West's history book "Vindicating the Founders".
2,367 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Robert G. West, in "Vindicating the Founders", analyzes the actions of the Founding Fathers and discusses the factors that influenced them as they debated the framework of American government. The paper shows how West is critical of the ambivalence of many modern historians and political scientists regarding the Founding Fathers. The paper discusses how West strives to refute the negative portrayals recent scholars have presented, especially in terms of their allegations that many of the Founders had racist, elitist and sexist worldviews. The paper notes the strengths and weaknesses of the book and concludes with a strong recommendation.
From the Paper
"Vindicating the Founders is convincing and provides much needed balance to recent historiography, for too many recent biographies and histories have minimized the triumphs "that they won on behalf of freedom" and focused far too much on "their supposed racism, sexism, and elitism." (West XI) West clarifies these issues by explaining the commonly held political and social beliefs of the Founding Fathers, which serves to debunk the various myths and misrepresentations offered by both liberals and conservatives, in academia as well as politics."
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Mental Illness and Employment Discrimination, 2007.
This paper discusses a 1996 Supreme Court case of discrimination as detailed by the online "Canadian Human Rights Reporter."
1,094 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the ruling in a case in the Canadian Supreme Court that expressly forbids organizations from providing benefits and disabilities packages to those who are mentally ill (or disabled) which are inferior to those that are granted to the physically disabled. The paper provides a brief synopsis of the case and the reasoning behind the final decision. The paper explores what the ruling means for human resources departments across Canada.
From the Paper
"The case in question is a 1996 case, Gibbs v. Battlefords and Dist. Co-operative Ltd., in which the Supreme Court determined that the aforementioned Co-operative discriminated against Betty-Lu Clara Gibbs (who was suffering from a mental illness at the time she departed the company for personal reasons) via an "employment-related" insurance plan that stipulated that an employee who was rendered unable to work because of a mental disability was to be furnished with "replacement pay" by the co-operative for only two years - whereas colleagues who were similarly disadvantaged by a physical disability could receive the above pay up to the age of 65 or for as long as the employee could not work. "
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The Canada-US Softwood Lumber Dispute, 2007.
An analysis of the terms and implications of the Canada-US Softwood Lumber agreement.
2,489 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the 1996 Canada-US Softwood Lumber agreement. It describes the terms of the agreement and the differing interests of the federal and provincial governments in the agreement. The paper then looks at the differing roles that the federal and provincial governments play in implementing the agreement. Next, the paper discusses Canada's objectives in entering into the two free trade agreements, the FTA and the NAFTA and discusses how the Softwood Lumber Agreement fits into these. Finally, the paper looks at the BC Lumber Trade Council and what it represents.
From the Paper
" The Council advocated to the provincial and federal governments on the basis of the lumber industry and the best interests of the forestry industry as well as of Canada. The Council advocated finding "a durable, long-term solution to the Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute and respect for the rules of trade under NAFTA" (BC Lumber Trade Council 1). The Council also upholds certain aspects of the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement along with the interests of the firms in the industry that the Council represents. Advocacy on the part of the Council includes using threats to the federal government. Such threats involve the potential for embarrassment on the international scale along with local disgrace in the event that the agreement is implemented without feedback and influence from the BC Lumber Trade Council. The strategies employed in the advocacy of related to the proposed softwood lumber agreement represent the intensity of feeling surrounding the issues in the dispute. The Council's advocacy measures also are influenced by the extreme significance of the softwood lumber agreement for the lumber industry in British Columbia. The BC Lumber Trade Council also has threatened to sabotage the agreement in the event that their demands are not realized."
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Illinois General Assembly Bill HB0759, 2007.
This paper describes the Illinois General Assembly Bill HB0759.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why Illinois General Assembly Bill HB0759 was proposed, who championed the bill and what changes have been made to this piece of legislation. The paper is of the opinion that this bill is an exemplary one insofar as it seeks to protect the most vulnerable members of Illinois society.
From the Paper
"Naturally enough, it is vital that any reader have a solid understanding of just what bill HB0759 entails. For one thing, the original bill, as introduced, amends the state Children and Family Services Act by providing that every eligible child with a diagnosis of a mental illness shall receive mental health services. More specifically, the bill calls for the state Department of Child and Family Services (DCFS) to assess each mental health community network in the State to ascertain what needs to be done in order for each network to provide appropriate mental health services for vulnerable children. At the same time, the bill mandates that the Department of Child and Family Services (DCFS) must submit a report detailing the department's assessment of the health community networks as well as a plan outlining the identified needs; this plan must be submitted to the Governor and to the General Assembly."
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Business Law: The Case of Luke Cool, 2007.
This paper discuses the complex case of Luke Cool, who is suing Bobby's Super Bikes and La Brute Manufacturing.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the likelihood of Luke Cool's receiving damages in this case depends on whether the actions of Super Bikes and La Brute Manufacturing can be described as having been executed using "reasonable care". The author points out that Luke may be entitled to both pecuniary and non-pecuniary damages from La Brute; however, Luke will likely only receive pecuniary damages in his suit against Super Bikes, as in contract law recovery of non-pecuniary damages is very rare. The paper concludes that, given that Luke was extraordinarily negligent in this case by not only continuing to ride the bike knowing it had a dangerous flaw, but also by riding on a difficult path and without a safety helmet, it is likely that his award in this case will be reduced significantly.
From the Paper
"Luke would have no likelihood of successfully suing the employee of Super Bikes who sold him the bike, or the employee who told him to return another day as the part was not in stock, as the law generally distinguishes between those who have a contractual obligation to perform, and those who may due the actual work. While he may sue the employees on the basis of tort of negligence, this is unlikely to be successful due to negligence being defined in the law as failure to show "reasonable care"."
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