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Cultural Diversity and Team Performance, 2006.
Examines the effects of demographic characteristics and cultural diversity on group and team performance.
953 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In today's sports, business, academic and other professional environments, conventional wisdom suggests that demographic and cultural diversity contribute positively to enhanced performance by groups or teams. Recent research suggests, however, that while diverse skills and abilities may in fact enhance group or team performance, demographic diversity (e.g. differences among team or group members in language, cultural, referential, or social background) may detract from it. This paper explores factors that make a group into a winning team, as well as analyzes both positive and negative effects of demographic characteristics and cultural diversity, on group and team behavior and performance.
From the Paper
"As demonstrated, then, within research; current events, and popular culture alike, demographic and/or cultural diversity either may or may not enhance a team's or a group's performance, depending on the group or team itself; its members; its management and/or other influences; and its shared values, goals, and philosophies. Diversity of skill and ability, research shows, is in general more likely to enhance group or team performance than is cultural diversity."
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"A Lesson Before Dying" by Ernest J. Gaines, 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes the 1993 novel "A Lesson Before Dying" written by African-American author Ernest J. Gaines.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and details the plot while focusing on the main characters of Jefferson and Grant in Gaines' novel. The writer of this paper contends and explains why this particular novel, which deals with racism, injustice and the pain of life and death, should be required reading in schools across America. This paper examines the judicial system in 1940s America particularly as seen through the eyes of a falsely convicted African-American man. This paper explores the close bond between Jefferson and Grant as well as the author's underlying themes of injustice and prejudice as they relate to the rights of African-Americans in the early 20th century. The writer also discusses Gaines' clear message pertaining to the value of each and every human being, regardless of race.
From the Paper
"Another important aspect of this novel is the certainty of death. Everyone faces it - it is how he or she faces it that makes the difference. Gaines writes, "I don't know when I'm going to die, Jefferson. Maybe tomorrow, maybe next week, maybe today. That's why I try to live as well as I can every day and not hurt people." Jefferson faces his death with dignity, which he learns in part from his interact with Grant. Critic Beavers notes, "Though Jefferson's death is certain, Grant's task -- which becomes Jefferson's legacy -- is to impart some of himself, to demonstrate to Jefferson a way to improvise upon a negative situation till he discovers dignity and purpose" (Beavers 31). Each man learns something valuable from the other, and that is another major point of the novel. Gaines is showing the reader they can learn from anyone, no matter how "insignificant" they may seem. Everyone has a lesson and everyone can be a pupil, no matter who they are or what they do in life."
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Analyzing the African-American Male, 2006.
This brief yet concise paper examines and analyzes the results of four specific social and psychological theories and the manner in which they relate to the behavior and socialization patterns of African-American males.
768 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and details the reasoning behind and the various aspects of the developmental pathways model, the social development model, the social ecological model and contextualism which was introduced in 1942 and originally known as 'pragmatism.' This paper delves into the manner in which the theories listed above were used to explore and understand particular behavioral patterns inherent in African-American men. The writer of this paper also discusses and analyzes the results found in each of the theories mentioned in this paper.
Table of Contents:
Developmental Pathways Model
Social Development Model
Social Ecological Model
Contextualism
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to Morris, Pepper's use of the term "contextualism" first occurred during 1932, where he referred to John Dewey's pragmatism. According to this philosophy, context refers to the influence of history and the changing context of meaning. What this means is that a specific time frame produces specific effects in behavior. Thus, a perception of behavior in African-American males during a specific time frame influences behavior in their peers. Drug use among young African American males is then to be analyzed according to the context of broader influences than merely the family. This is particularly relevant in a world that has become increasingly globalized by developments in technology and trade. The world beyond the immediate boundaries of city and country has become immediately accessible by means of the Internet, e-mail and cellular technology."
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'Ride-Alongs' and Privacy, 2006.
A paper about the privacy issues involved in press presence during police arrests.
5,984 words (approx. 23.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a case study of the "Wilson vs. Layne" case, a case in which news media agents took photographs of a mistaken arrest in a private house. The paper explains the legal process involved with the case, stating that while there were severe privacy breeches in the case, the court was unable to say that the homeowner, Charles Wilson, had experienced a violation of his Fourth Amendment rights. The paper then discusses the issue of media "ride-alongs," a practice in which police take media agents with them to capture images of arrests and police actions. The paper discusses the role of the press in police work, and points out the privacy violations which are a risk of the practice of "ride-alongs."
From the Paper
"When the appeal was sent to the Supreme Court, the Court granted Charles the 'certiorari'. The case of Wilson vs. Layne gave rise to the question of whether or not when federal and state officials issue an arrest warrant to a citizen, either at his home or elsewhere, can they allow the media to accompany them on their official duty? And would such an arrest warrant, when it is issued at the home of the individual, be considered to be a violation of a homeowner's Fourth Amendment protection as under 'unlawful search and seizure'? In this particular case, the Court held the ruling that if the media were to be present during the execution of an arrest warrant, then it was to be considered that it was in no way at all related to what the officials were doing during their course of work. The media dose in no way assist the officials, and in the same manner, they have nothing whatsoever to do with the execution of the arrest warrant."
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The Civil Rights Movement, 2006.
An overview of the struggle for equal civil rights in the U.S.A.
2,961 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Whole books have been written on the subject of the civil rights struggle of African-Americans in the United States, a struggle that undoubtedly began when the first African slaves were brought to North America against their will. The paper shows, however, that in recent history, the period of time in the 1950's and 1960's were pivotal because of the significant gains made. This period of change was driven by changes in government policy as reflected by both civil rights laws passed and amendments made to the American Constitution.
From the Paper
"In spite of multiple amendments to the Constitution as well as culturally accepted statements regarding the rights of all people to dignity and equality, by the mid 1950's African Americans were still openly and systematically oppressed in much of the United States. These attitudes toward people of culture had become embedded in social culture and embraced by people who believed themselves to be law-abiding Americans and patriots. However, little by little, social consciousness began to shift. The Supreme Court played an important role in forcing acceptance of change."
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Islam in America, 2005.
This paper discusses characteristics of the Islamic religion and some of its leaders and movements in the U.S.
1,795 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Islam draws no difference between religious and secular life; thus, sharia includes not only holy rites but also many features of everyday life. The author describes Noble Drew Ali, born Timothy Drew in North Carolina in 1886, who founded the Moorish Science Temple of America, one group of which had the leadership from Elijah Muhammadhb and became the Nation of Islam. The paper relates that, in the present day, the Tablighi Jama'at is the major Islamic movement in relation to both the number of campaigners and geographical spread and plays a major part in publicizing Islamic consciousness and awareness at the ground level.
Table of Contents
Shari'ah
Umma
Noble Drew Ali
Warith al-Din Muhammad
Kunta Kinte
Tablighis Movement
Elijah Muhammad
From the Paper
"Elijah Muhammad from 1897-1975 was the head of the Nation of Islam also known as Black Muslims during their time of maximum growth in the mid-20th century. Elijah Mohammad was born on October 7, 1897 near Sandersville in Georgia. His parents were also slaves who worked on cotton plantation as sharecroppers and his father was also a considered as a Baptist preacher. As a child Elijah worked in the fields and on the railroad, but he left home at age 16 to tour and work at unusual jobs. He settled down in Detroit in the year 1923 and was working on a Chevrolet assembly line. Later in Chicago, away from aggressive Muslim factions in Detroit, Muhammad formed what quickly became the most significant center of the movement."
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Myths of Freedom in "Beloved", 2006.
An analysis of Toni Morrison's "Beloved" and the myth of freedom awaiting runaway slaves arriving in the North.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes Toni Morrison's novel, "Beloved", and its message that legal, psychological and sociological conditions meant that true freedom nothing more than a myth for escaped slaves.
From the Paper
"Even if Sethe and her family had been completely free legally, however, "freedom" from slavery would have been nothing more than a myth because they were not able to mentally escape from their past experiences. "In Beloved, Morrison allows the reader to share the legacy of slavery as the characters Sethe, Paul D, and Denver attempt to make a new life in freedom. However, they cannot put the past, lived in slavery, behind them; they must reveal it to themselves, to each other, and to the reader in 'digestible pieces.'" (Nigro) The traumatic events which were experienced by slaves cannot be wiped clean, and the past will continue to have an effect on the future. Today, the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder -- the psychological consequences of experiencing traumatic events -- would perhaps be identified in Morrison's characters. (Feldspar) Nightmares, flashbacks, irritability, emotional detachment, and other distress are common symptoms, and certainly experienced by Sethe and others in Beloved, all of which are a kind of continued mental slavery."
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Affirmative Action in Higher Education, 2006.
A discussion on race equality in tertiary education.
1,529 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the constitutional history of equality of African-Americans. It examines the cause and effect of racial discrimination against African-Americans and their acceptance into higher educational facilities. The author also discusses the importance of affirmative action and the reasons for its shrinkage.
From the Paper
"In 1868, the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution overrode previous constitutional language stating that blacks were inherently inferior to whites under federal law ("Constitution", 2000). Before that date, however, in the mid-1800's, then-United States Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, in the Dred Scott Decision, ruled that the U.S. Constitution did not include Negroes as a participating element, or beneficiary of privileges (Dred Scott Case, 2002). That landmark Supreme Court ruling was eventually negated by the results of the Civil War itself, and by nationwide abolition of slavery throughout the United States, shortly thereafter. Today, however, often Americans themselves (and even some black Americans (see Moos, 2000) remain divided (as Americans have been for decades) about the advantages or disadvantages of using race as a factor to admit students to colleges or universities (U.S. Supreme Court Rules on University of Michigan Cases, June 23, 2003; Bowen and Bok, 1998; Thernstrom and Thernstrom, 1997; Comer and Poussaint, 1975)."
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Martin Luther King Jr., 2006.
A biography of the civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr.
3,013 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The story of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. is the story of America's most important civil rights leader. This paper looks at his life and examines how he was responsible for significantly raising the nation's awareness over civil rights issues and for working to have the federal government pass some comprehensive legislation over them. He dedicated his life to the struggle and did not stop until his untimely death on April 4, 1968.
From the Paper
"In 1963 King participated in another mass demonstration, this time in Birmingham, Alabama and this time having to do with the desegregation of department stores and the promotion of nondiscriminatory hiring practices. Many protesters experienced police brutality and King himself was arrested; he wrote "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" in order to bring attention to this experience. Later that same year on August 28 King helped to organize and lead the historic March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In conjunction with five other civil rights organizations which included the NAACP, Urban League, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, SNCC, and the Congress of Racial Equity, King's SCLC attempted to bring the plight of African-Americans into the nation's consciousness. "
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Gifted Children, 2006.
An extensive discussion on gifted children and minority groups.
2,237 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a general definition of gifted children. The paper focuses on the three main reasons for under-representation of children of minority groups namely, African-Americans and Hispanics. The author concludes by suggesting future research on the topic and offers an opinion on the direction such education should take.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Vygotsky's Social-Historical Theory
Socioeconomics and Gifted Children
Referral of Minority Students to Gifted Programs Based on Ethnicity
Flaws in Identification of Gifted Minority Students
Future Research and Applied Direction
References
From the Paper
"This is an extremely fascinating topic that has far-reaching educational implications. Since 1924, only 2% of the more than 4000 articles written about gifted and talented students were about gifted students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds (Elhoweris, Mutua, Alsheikh, Holloway, 2005). With alarming statistics that show the under-representation of minority groups by as much as 50% in gifted programs, further research in this area is required to fully grasp the implications of this under-representation and to make suitable policy recommendations. As the United States becomes increasingly diverse, this trend of under-representation of the brightest minority students cannot continue since it violates basic rights of these students as citizens of the United States. "
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Frederick Douglass, 2006.
A review of Frederick Douglass's autobiography, "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an America Slave".
1,756 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the writing style of Frederick Douglass's autobiography. It offers a brief summary with quotation from the text and discusses the nineteenth century American history in context.
From the Paper
"As Frederick Douglass's Narrative states, he was born a slave on the huge Wye Plantation in southern Maryland. The plantation was owned by a Captain Anthony, the white man who may, in fact, according to the Narrative, have been Douglass's own father as well. Douglass himself was told only that his father had been a white man. However, he never learned his father's actual identity. Douglass describes, in view of this, how, symbolically, his identity always felt incomplete. Douglass's autobiography relates how, as a young man seeking freedom, he ran away first to the North, and then to England (when he was, ironically, already a well-known author and speaker worldwide, but still a slave) in order to at last escape the bonds of slavery. Again ironically, as Douglass's Narrative states, it was the English who bought his freedom while Douglass was living, writing, and lecturing in Great Britain. It was only then that Douglass could return to America a free man (Frederick Douglass: When the Lion Wrote History)."
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Substance Abuse and African-American Males, 2006.
An examination of the relationship between substance abuse among African-American males and the criminal justice system.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there appears to be some correlation between substance abuse among African-American males and their representation in the criminal justice system. It provides a literature review to show that African-American males are greatly overrepresented in the statistical data of the criminal justice system. It also reviews theoretical models such as the Social Development model and the Developmental Pathways model.
From the Paper
"Poverty is termed "an assault on a child's self-esteem" (Prothrow-Stith, 1991) and this in combination with "single parents families often lead to resentment and anger in young men. Young black males in the impoverished underclass often grow to manhood robbed of their pride and self-esteem. It is related that the investigation of the effects of the socio-economic underclass is the focus of many studies and has been so since the early 1990's. A great deal of research exist that links substance abuse with certain developmental risk factors. Some of these factors are poor parenting skills, as well adversity in family or environmental condition."
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The Sixties, 2006.
Examines some of the events which made the 1960s such an important era in history.
1,438 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The 1960's refers to the years between 1960 and 1969, however, the term,"The Sixties", has come to refer to the complex of inter-related cultural and political events that occurred in roughly that period, particularly in the United States. The paper examines some of the more important events that happened in that time period, as well as some which began in the 1960s but reached their peak in later decades. Some of the issues discussed include the Civil Rights Movement, JFK's assassination, the Vietnam War, cultural radicalism, Woodstock and the counter-culture movement.
From the Paper
"Events that were happening in the political and social arenas were reflected in the literature of the era, such as Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize winning novel 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' a story about a small southern town and social distinctions between races (American pp). Women of color such as Gwendolyn Brooks, Maya Angelou and Margaret Walker Alexander wrote about race and gender and helped create new insights on feminism as it developed in America (American pp)."
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"Counseling American Minorities", 2006.
A reaction paper to Donald Atkinson's book about providing counseling to minority groups in the U.S.A.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
"Counseling American Minorities" (2003) by Donald Atkinson offers potentially useful information for current and future counseling practitioners, about culturally aware and sensitive approaches to counseling minority group members currently living in the United States.
This paper reviews the book and argues that Atkinson effectively explores the complex therapeutic implications of working with culturally diverse clients.
From the Paper
"The first chapter also points out that although "minorities" are frequently regarded, especially by European-descended Caucasian Americans (still the large majority of counselors in America today), as somehow one large amalgamated block, of people "different from ourselves", the four minority groups discussed within the book are extremely distinct from one another: in values; beliefs; assumptions; attitudes; historical backgrounds, encounters with particular kinds of prejudices, and real life experiences."
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Stereotypes and Racism, 2006.
A paper surveying stereotypes and their effects on society.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of stereotypes. It describes stereotypes as the exaggeration or over-generalization of certain trends. The paper explains that both the holder of the stereotype and the subject of the stereotype may be hurt by the stereotype. The author mentions that the use of stereotypes may hinder people from gaining actual knowledge about other societies. For example, the author describes the issues of personal distance in conversations in different communities, explaining that different societies have different rules regarding personal space and touching during regular communication.
From the Paper
"Stereotypes are limited views of a group or type of people that is based on information that is not correct because it is oversimplified, incomplete, or distorted. No one is immune to the effects of stereotypes, and every person will inevitably experience the holding and receiving end of this harmful social phenomenon. Stereotypes may be based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, physical appearance, level of education, socioeconomic class, and many other factors. Stereotypes are a major contributing factor to the judgments each person will make about another person or group of people. In order to make the most accurate judgments in every situation, the presence of stereotypes must be addressed, discussed, and dispelled."
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