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Abolitionist Movement, 2007.
This paper traces the history of the abolitionist movement in America.
1,281 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of the abolitionist movement on American history. In particular, the writer discusses the influence of the movement in ending slavery and affecting other forms of social change. The paper describes abolitionism initially as a resistance movement among slaves. The role of whites, the Church and women in the abolitionist movement is also discussed.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
The Abolition Movement
Social Changes
Equal Rights for Women
Racial Amity
Constitutional Reforms
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The abolitionist movement was active in the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. From a purely a black resistance movement against their masters in the 16th century, the abolitionist movement gained strength and found active involvement from the white community during the nineteenth century. Among the various reasons, the active intervention of the church and the motives of freedom that characterized the American revolution, had a strong bearing in the development of the abolition movement. Gradually, social changes began to creep in, at first in the northern states and much later in the southern states. Ever since the American revolution, the nation underwent a gradual social shift, which changed a hierarchical society that promoted slave trade and slave labor to its present state of the land of freedom and equality for all. Let us briefly study the abolition movement in context of its impact in achieving this transformation."
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The Civil War & Slavery, 2006.
A review of the issues of slavery and their impact on the causes of the American Civil War.
879 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the historical relationship between the development of the institution of slavery and the outbreak of the Civil War. The paper analyzes the relationship between the two processes and outlines some other factors responsible for the conflict, as well as their relationship with slavery.
Outline:
Slavery and the U.S. Constitution
The Contrasting Economies of the North and South
Subsequent Compromises
Other Causes of the Civil War
From the Paper
"In the initial years after independence, the Southern states sought to counter the growing political influence of the North by attempting to add more 'slave states' into the Union. This was opposed by the Northern states that wanted to contain the spread of slavery in other states. Thus, when Missouri, a slave-holding region applied for entry in the Union in 1918, the north only agreed to its entry with a compromise that allowed the simultaneous entry of a new 'free' state of Maine and prohibition of slavery in the territories north of 36o 30' latitude (Spicer 2004). When more territories were acquired by the US as a result of the Mexican Wars, another uneasy 'Compromise Measure of 1850' was reached that admitted California as a 'free state' and allowed the rest of the states, i.e., Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to decide for themselves whether to permit slavery or not. The tensions between the North and the South went up another notch when the Senate passed the 'Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854' which repealed the prohibition of slavery in the territories north of 36o 30' latitude previously agreed in the 'Missouri Compromise.' In reaction to the repealing of the Missouri Compromise, antislavery groups formed a new party (called the Republican Party ) that was committed to containing slavery (Gallagher, 2006)."
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The Brown vs. Board of Education Ruling, 2007.
This paper examines the effects of the historic Supreme Court ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education.
2,259 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Brown vs. Board of Education ruling that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" had been intended to dramatically change the social and political dynamics of American society. The paper looks at the failure of the Brown ruling to make inroads into the social fabric of America and shows that although the ruling had been a historic moment in American history, cowardice and hypocrisy has helped in the unsuccessful implementation of desegregation. The paper asserts that the government needs to step up its effort to desegregate not only the American education system, but also other areas of the social and political system.
Outline:
The Immediate Aftermath of the Supreme Court's Decision
The Impact of the Case
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Almost a year and a half before Dwight D. Eisenhower had been elected as the American President, a pioneering and unprecedented ruling had been passed by a unanimous Supreme Court judiciary bench. This ruling, which had been lead by Chief Justice Earl Warren, had been intended to dramatically change the social and political dynamics of the American society. The Chief Justice speaking for the Supreme Court asserted, "We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate-but-equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal (Charles, 2004).""
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Intercultural Communication, 2007.
This paper explores the effectiveness of promoting English as the official language of the United States in order to improve intercultural communication.
1,917 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how many different languages are spoken within the United States' borders. The paper examines whether this makes communication and hence understanding between these cultures difficult. The paper investigates racial overtones in the Rodney King beating, the O.J. Simpson trial and the U.S. Patriot Act. The paper shows how language is not at the root of the cultural divide in the country; rather the problem is one of deep-seated communication and understanding. The paper contends that the funds and effort should be channelled into events and legislation that would encourage different cultures to truly communicate with each other, regardless of the language they use to do so.
From the Paper
" The United States of America has been home to an increasingly multitude of cultures since the first immigrants came to its shores during the 1600's. The pursuit of the "American Dream" concept has furthermore made the country attractive for immigrants from many diverse countries. The result is that many different languages are spoken within the country's borders. This often makes communication and hence understanding between these cultures difficult. Phenomena such as racism and hate crimes are often blamed upon this lack of understanding. It is true that racism often arises in criminal and other cases heard in American courts."
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Breast Cancer and African-American Women, 2007.
This paper examines several issues concerning African-American women and breast cancer.
6,569 words (approx. 26.3 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 151.95
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Abstract
This extensive paper examines a number of issues related to African-American women and breast cancer, with an emphasis on detection, treatment and survival. The paper gives a brief overview of cancer, the breast and types of breast cancers. The author then describes the purpose of this study, which was to determine the impact of racial disparity on breast cancer survival. The study also addresses socio-economic factors, such as lack of health insurance, and low incomes. The study attempts to identify the reasons why African-American women have a higher mortality rate than all other ethnic groups. Finally, the author questions whether education, community out-reach programs, resources would influence the probability of reducing breast cancer mortality rates among African-American women.
Outline:
Introduction and Problem Background
The Breast
Development of the Breast
What is Cancer?
What is Breast Cancer?
Major Types of Breast Cancers
Risk Factors for developing Breast Cancer
Purpose of Study
Research Objectives
Limitation
Assumptions
Definition of Terms
Scope of Study
Review of Related Literature
Historical and General Background
Possible Barriers to The African-American Women having Mammograms
Existing Studies
Another Study of Racial Disparities in Breast Carcinoma Survival Rates
Methodology
Instrumentation
Statistical Approach
Relevant Results and Significant Studies
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Findings
Association Between Socio-economic Status and Breast Cancer Survival
Relationship between racial difference in treatment, and breast cancer mortality among the African-American women and the Caucasian-women
Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"The incidence of breast cancer among the African-American women is slightly lower than it is for the Caucasian women. In any given year, 95 out of 100,000 African-American women are diagnosed with breast cancer, compared to 112 out of every 100,000 the Caucasian women. However, the African-American women are slightly more likely to develop breast cancer after age 50 (www.netwellness.org, 2004). Breast cancer is the cancer with the second highest death rate for both the African-American women and the Caucasian women. The overall lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is 10% for the African-American women and 14% for the Caucasian women. However, about 31 out of every 100,000 the African-American women died from the disease each year compared to just 27 out of every 10,000 the Caucasian women from 1989 to 1992, but the rate also rose by 2% for the African-American women during the same period."
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"The Invisible Man", 2007.
An analysis of "The Invisible Man" by Ralph Ellison.
1,611 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, in Ellison's "Invisible Man", the hindrances to the creation of individual identity are not merely limited to racism as it is generally understood. The paper examines how, to Ellison, the racial picture in the United States needs to be recognized as a specific relationship between black and white that has been created and defined by white men.
From the Paper
"Much of the novel can be understood as the broad playing out of the Grand Royal from the beginning of Invisible Man. Essentially, society is organized by a number of powerful white men, who blind black Americans to their own identities and urge them to fight each other for imaginary rewards. The United States is organized such that it is understood to be the "land of opportunity," and that anyone is capable of achieving the "American dream"; however, the very construction of this belief is what prevents individuals from recognizing who and what they truly are."
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Race in Faulkner & Wright, 2007.
This paper discusses the theme of race as portrayed in "The Man Who was Almost a Man" by Richard Wright and "That Evening Sun Go Down" by William Faulkner.
971 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses racism and oppression, using two literary works by Richard Wright and William Faulkner. The writer shows that Dave's longing for a gun pervades Richard Wright's short story "The Man Who was Almost a Man." The writer points out that in this intense and tense coming-of-age story, Wright employs rich symbolism, most notably the emblem of a gun as a representation of the phallic power of manhood as well as the social power manhood entails. The writer notes that William Faulkner also demonstrates sensitivity to issues of class, race, and sexuality in his short story "That Evening Sun Go Down". Further, the writer maintains that although Faulkner wrote as a white man in the South, his story reveals chilling social and economic realities just as Wright's does.
From the Paper
"Both Wright and Faulkner imply that machismo serves a destructive purpose in society. In Faulkner's story, however, the direct consequences of sexism are more apparent because Nancy, an African-American servant girl, is a key character in the story. Her husband Jubah remains faceless, and serves more as a symbol of evil than an actual character. Fear of Jubah becomes not only Nancy's fear but young Quentin's too. Quentin's love of Nancy brings out his subsequent awareness of male-female relations as well as white-black relations in Southern culture."
"Jubah's African-American heritage is, however, relevant to the story and to Faulkner's central message of social control and oppression. The fact that he is black in no way detracts from Faulkner's message about racism and social control. For example, Faulkner hints that Nancy may have been raped by a white man; her skin color renders her subhuman in the eyes of many white southerners."
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Racism and African-Americans, 2007.
This paper discusses crime rates in the U.S. as it relates to African- Americans.
1,615 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that one has only to watch television or read a newspaper to see that crime is a daily concern for many Americans. The writer discusses that African-Americans are arrested for crimes out of all proportion to their numbers. The writer maintains that American justice may once have been poisoned by racism, but some say, the figures speak for themselves - a higher percentage of African-Americans are arrested and imprisoned, because they are responsible for the bulk of criminal acts. The writer concludes that although the African-American prison population proportionally far outreaches the prison population of any other group, little has been done to help prevent young African-Americans from continuing to follow in the footsteps of their elders.
From the Paper
"The problem of juvenile crime is particularly acute. To a much greater extent than Whites, African American children often lack proper adult supervision. They turn instead to television and other forms of media as sources of inspiration. Desperate for role models, young African-Americans latch onto characters whom they feel represent themselves, people who look, speak, and act as they do. But what comes out of these characters' mouths? What actions do they perform? Minority youths watch as their "heroes" commit assault and murder, rape and steal, sell and use drugs. With little knowledge of appropriate behavior, the criminal counterculture seems a real and viable alternative to the world in which many minority children live. Brutality begets brutality."
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African-American Culture in the Classroom, 2007.
This paper discusses the cultural differences and obstacles faced by African-American students.
2,299 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on how African-American culture may affect a student's education as a result of obstacles he or she has faced. Some of these obstacles include the impact of coming from a single-parent family or learning in an educationally poor secondary school. The writer believes that African-American culture has been accepted into today's educational environment, although some adjustments still need to be made.
From the Paper
"One of the main differences noted between African American students and traditional white students is the socioeconomic status of current students. This ranges from those whose families are able to finance their education fully, to adults whose incomes must also cover family expenses, to low-income students who require financial assistance (Terenzini, et. al., 1991). Students from lower economic and societal classes during their youth have led many of today's college students to value vocational training over learning for learning's sake (Josephson, 2000). Additionally, members of historically under-represented racial and ethnic groups, such as African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and Native American now constitute approximately a fourth of the current number of undergraduates (Josephson, 2000). This dramatic diversity in the student body requires the expansion of perspectives taught in higher education. It also requires educational communities to be open to different implications regarding levels of preparation, learning styles, and available time for study (Palmer, 1997). Educational communities now need to take into consideration family and occupational responsibilities, as discussed below."
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The Development of Jazz and Blues, 2007.
This paper discusses the development of jazz and the blues in America.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer introduces, discusses, and analyzes the development of jazz and the blues. The roots of these two forms of American music are traced. The author also explores the influence of African-American slave music on these forms of music. Several notable jazz and blues artists are discussed. The author concludes by stating jazz and blues are popular forms of music throughout the world.
From the Paper
"Some of the more recognizable blues artists include Robert Johnson, Billie Holiday, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Charlie Patton, Son House, T-Model Ford, Howlin' Wolf, BB King, Muddy Waters, and Leadbelly (Gioia). Many jazz musicians have influenced the music and become famous in their own right, too. Early musicians include Scott Joplin, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, and many others. Jazz continues to evolve today, with "smooth jazz" gaining in popularity, and modern influential artists include Wynton Marsalis and Kenny G. Advocates included many black and white writers of the times, such as Richard Wright and Langston Hughes, who recognized the importance of the music and helped spread interest about it around the world."
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Racial Issues in "Glory", 2007.
An analysis of racial prejudice in the film "Glory".
1,424 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the film "Glory" directed by Edward Zwick. Specifically, it discusses the ideological message of the film using formalist analysis supported by research on the film and its filmmaker. The writer proposes that race seems to be the only issue in Edward Zwick's classic film "Glory". The paper examines the film's depiction of the racial tension that exists in the army unit, in the other fighting units, and in the nation as a whole. The paper concludes that the film graphically illustrates those tensions for the viewer, and indicates a country torn not only by war, but also by racial prejudice and stereotypes.
From the Paper
"Many scenes throughout the film indicate the tensions between blacks and whites. It is quite clear not only the Confederates hate blacks. Many of the white soldiers and officers also dislike the African Americans, and do not want to work with them. Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, played by Matthew Broderick, has to convince his friend to lead the regiment with him, and there are scenes of the black soldiers marching through Boston to the jeers of the crowds and other soldiers. One graphic scene during the men's training shows how the Irish Sergeant Major holds the new recruits in contempt. He calls them monkeys and animals, and treats them just the same. He is vulgar and prejudiced, and it takes a reprimand from Shaw to calm him just a little. Much of the U.S. population at the time held the same ideas as the Sergeant Major, and so, simply because of their race, blacks were seen as not trainable, animalistic, and dimwitted."
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Race and the Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper questions the impact of race on death penalty verdicts in America.
5,065 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
The subject of this paper is how race impacts capital punishment verdicts issued by US courts. The author believes that capital punishment is powered by a system of justice that is heavily stacked against people of color. The writer cites several cases that show race as an issue in a death penalty verdicts. Additional statistics are presented that show African-Americans are executed more frequently than whites. The paper includes an extensive literature review. The author concludes that the public should be aware of the facts involved in this issue.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Conceptualization
Methodology
Research Design
Study Group / Sample Population
Conclusion
From the Paper
"And, Adams continues, of the 221 people "executed for interracial murders, 189 - ninety-four percent - have been black." Is there a pattern of blatant racial bias reflected in these data? Adams insists that "racism...pervades America's criminal justice system," and she wonders, "How is it that racism, as one of the most deplorable features of contemporary society, is able to establish a position in the purported beacon of objectivity and neutrality that is the law?" In her research article, Adams argues that since the death penalty was "reinvented" (Furman v. Georgia in 1972), the "arbitrariness and caprice" of the "pre-Furman" era is back. "
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Class and Culture, 2007.
This paper discusses class and culture in the post-World War II years in America.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This article concerns the sexual liberation of women on one hand, and the oppression of women based on race on the other. The writer maintains that while both co-exist in a woman, the woman is being offered more and more options, and at times she is encouraged to make her own choices too. The writer discusses women and the problems that they face, whether it is the acquisition of a birth control pill that would afford them freedom from an unwanted child, or whether it is to escape from the poverty in which they have to live. The writer concludes that branding and labeling an individual as being on welfare must be stopped and today, people must learn to accept the fact that there are people less fortunate than themselves.
From the Paper
"It also became evident to women, for the first time, that they could forge an actual identity of their own, and act against the existing gender roles. Girls were being encouraged, through these all girl groups, to be advocators of their own sexual prerogatives, and to actually start courting the boy they preferred. Sexual liberation had arrived in America, and women were encouraged to even dump their boyfriends if they preferred to. To rebel was no longer a fantasy; women started to feel that they could indeed rebel against accepted social norms."
"When conservatism re-emerged during the 1970s, the fact that those welfare recipients who could avail of aid because they were unemployed, or unwed, sparked huge resentments and protests among the general public, because the feeling among the 'hardworking' whites was that their hard earned money would be paid off as welfare to a 'promiscuous black woman' with several children."
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"Sweat" by Zora Neale Hurston, 2007.
This paper analyzes the character of Sykes in Zora Neale Hurston's novel, "Sweat."
1,368 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Zora Neale Hurston's "Sweat" is usually read as a story of Delia and her troubles. The paper demonstrates, however, how it is also Sykes' story. The paper portrays how Sykes, the otherwise tyrant husband of Delia, suffers from an extreme loss of pride that resulted from the kind of economic and social conditions the black community faced during the early decades of the 20th century. The paper shows how, stripped of his pride, Sykes uses Delia to vent his frustration and anger. The paper points out how Sykes could have improved this situation by altering his mental state, his mindset and his behavior. The paper concludes that with a positive frame of mind, sometimes even the impossible turns a lot easier.
From the Paper
"The story opens with Delia sorting clothes as Sykes returns from a day with his mistress, Bertha. On the one hand we have Delia who is condemned to "sweat, sweat, sweat! Work and sweat, cry and sweat, pray and sweat!" (75) And on the other, you have Sykes who ridicules his wife, torments her and represents oppression and still gallivants with his mistress. So on the surface, Delia is the victim and she really is. But when we study the life situation in which Sykes had found himself, we could see how the circumstances were torturing and tormenting his pride and his masculine self. He wanted to be the provider for his family but still Delia got to be the chief breadwinner. This was something Sykes couldn't come to terms with and hence his behavior. By this, we absolutely do not want to justify Sykes' behavior but rather we want to be able to study the other side of the situation shown in the story."
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Equality in African-American Literature, 2007.
An examinarion of works by Booker T. Washington, Zora Neale Hurston and Ralph Ellison that describe African-Americans' needs for equality and freedom.
1,042 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how African-Americans' repeated struggles to obtain freedom from Southern slavery as well as their quest for social, economic and educational equality with whites, have been starkly and vividly described by a number of African-American authors. It points out that among these are the black educational leader Booker T. Washington; the novelist, short story writer and essayist Zora Neale Hurston and the novelist Ralph Ellison. The paper analyzes Washington's "The Atlanta Exposition", Hurston's "How It Feels to Be Colored Me" and Ellison's "Battle Royal" in terms of depictions of the African-American struggle toward equality, freedom and self-actualization.
From the Paper
"The "gradualism" argued for by Washington, in what is known now as his "Atlanta Compromise Speech", as a way of blacks' slowly gaining equality with whites through vocational education, pleased Washington's, mostly Southern white, audience at the 1894 Atlanta Exposition. Southern whites, worried about losing economic ground to former slaves, were happy to accept Washington's views of gradual progress for blacks through vocational education, although in hindsight this was not the best way for blacks to achieve equality with whites."
"Zora Neale Hurston's essay "How It feels to be Colored Me" (1928), is written from the perspective of a 20th century African American woman, who feels, more than 60 years after the abolition of slavery, sanguine about being black in America."
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