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Project Proposal Racism, 2007.
This paper offers a project proposal on the issue of racism, focusing on students in the United States.
1,988 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that racism is an insidious social problem that has its roots so far back that defining when such issues came to be would be impossible. Furthermore, the writer points out that there is a great deal of idealism surrounding the current state of racism in Western society. The writer maintains that many people are under the mistaken impression that it does not occur any longer, or when it does, uneducated and backward outsiders usually perpetrate acts of racism. This proposal demonstrates a need to have a better understanding of the occurrence of racism on the college campuses in the United States. The writer suggests a study that assesses the identification of both subtle and overt acts of racism that minority students experience daily.
Outline:
Introduction
Subjects of Study
Ethical Consideration
Measurement
Data Collection Methods
Analysis
References
From the Paper
"Fox's work discusses the difficult nature of discussing race in a college setting, as facing the realities of racism in an open environment can be charged and even emotionally debilitating to all who are involved, but her particular point is the stress it places on the instructor, who is given the task of mediating often deeply held beliefs, that are in conflict with the real people involved. Challenges to open, honest and still civil conversations about race are many and yet the needs for such conversations are also countless. Race relations in the United States, and elsewhere will not improve if they are ignored, with the well meaning idea that they are innocuous and or non-existent in society today. In another comprehensive work on racism in education, speaking of the secondary education level, and the education system in general in the United States, Donaldson discusses the curriculum trap for minority students."
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Elvis Presley, 2007.
An analysis of the influence that Elvis Presley had on American culture.
1,597 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the legacy of Elvis Presley, the "King of Rock." It specifically focuses on three areas of American culture upon which he had a tremendous influence. The paper discusses his exposure of African-American musicians to the white, American public, his role in influencing a liberalization of American culture, which allowed other cultural icons to succeed and the awareness he created of the perils of drug addiction through his premature death.
Table of Contents:
Presley Opens Doors For African American Musicians
Presley Helps Liberalize American Culture
Drug Addiction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Culture critic David Marsh once wrote that "Unless you understand that Elvis Presley was more than anything a spiritual leader of our generation, there's really no way to assess his importance, much less the meaning of his music."20 Indeed, Presley's impact on American culture was transformative. Through his music, which was heavily influenced by black artists, he exposed white America to a new group of performers. By testing social boundaries, such as how America perceived sexuality, he helped liberalize American culture, opening new avenues of discussion and launching new trends in music. Finally, through Presley's tragic and untimely death, he allowed America to have a serious discussion on the perils of drug abuse and how, if left unchecked, it can threaten the lives of even our most valued national treasures."
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Self-Affirmations and Prejudice, 2007.
This paper investigates the effects that positive self-affirmation has on stereotypes.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how prejudice and negative stereotyping has devastating effects on individuals' self esteem and self worth, which extends to societal problems on a larger scale. The paper presents a study that investigates whether positive self-affirmations influence the likelihood of individuals holding prejudicial and stereotypical beliefs and if suggested self-concepts are projected onto others who are often stereotyped. The paper shows how the findings match the hypothesis that the promotion of self-integrity through suggestion of a positive, self-affirming belief acts to reduce or diminish prejudicial belief of others.
From the Paper
"What functions do stereotypes and prejudice have for individuals that believe in them? Numerous research studies have shown that holding prejudices results in an increase in perceived self-worth and self-integrity (Fein & Spencer, 1997; Govorun, Fuegen & Payne, 2006; Newman, Duff & Baumeister, 1997; Seibt & Forster, 2004). In other words, holding prejudicial beliefs that are consistent with commonly held stereotypes led to individuals' feeling better about themselves, or having an improved self-concept. This phenomenon was investigated in detail by Fein & Spencer (1997), who sought to examine the role that self-image plays in the maintenance of negative perceptions of others and prejudice."
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The Meaning of Race, 2007.
This paper analyzes "Racial Formation in the United States" by Michael Omi and Howard Winant.
859 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, according to Michael Omi and Howard Winant, races are not born, but instead are fashioned out of societal constructions, historical needs and personal assumptions about what constitutes identity. The paper explains Omi's and Winant's view that race is a matter of history, current society and how people see themselves and have been taught to see themselves. The paper discusses the authors' term 'racial formation,' and their analysis of race's intersection with society on a macro and micro level.
From the Paper
"This theory has political as well as personal implications. For example, Affirmative Action seeks "to overcome specific socially and historically constructed inequalities," not by creating race as a category, but by acknowledging the effects the categorization has had, previously, upon people's lives. (73) Omi and Winant first wrote their text during the 1980s, during the high tide of the Reagan conservative revolution, when the desire to forget America's negative racist past was often described as desiring to see people as just people, or just as Americans, rather than in terms of these American's racial categories. This supposed idealism, the authors suggest, merely creates more injustice, namely blindness to the social inequality created by racism because of past history."
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"Black Boy"--A Review, 2007.
Analysis of Richard Wright's famous work "Black Boy."
1,602 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Richard Wright's novel "Black Boy" in the larger context of racism in America. The paper describes Wright's view of racism as existing in the very fabric of society. The reviewer further describes Wright as believing it would be virtually impossible to characterize American society in the absence of racism. According to the paper, Wright is quite pessimistic about the future of American society. The reviewer concludes that Wright feels the concrete dreadfulness of racism cannot be overcome on a social level at once, but can be overcome through the individual mindset and self-release.
From the Paper
"The portrait Wright paints of America is a truly bleak one. Escape from the trials of life as a black boy seems almost altogether non-existent. Wright attempts to escape the South only find himself more fearful in the North; he escapes to Chicago only to encounter the same social barriers to success. In the end, Wright's escape is only truly possible through the act of writing--it becomes his one link to an ideal world. Even at a very young age, Wright seems to possess a clue that life, for a black man, may never truly be fulfilling in any tangible way: "At the age of twelve I had . . . a conviction that the meaning of living came only when one was struggling to wring a meaning out of meaningless suffering," (Wright 100). Clearly, the act of writing becomes this struggle for Wright. Unfortunately, writing and literature are the two facets of the world that his own black culture seek to deny him throughout his entire childhood. So in this way, Wright is attempting to critique both black and white culture. Although the dominant, oppressive culture of white America aggressively places limits upon what is attainable for a black man, the oppressed black culture methodically limits the modes of escape for a black man out of the community's need for self-preservation."
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Martin Luther King and Socrates, 2007.
A comparative analysis of Martin Luther King and Socrates' views on civil disobedience.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Socrates' "Crito" and Dr. King's "Letter From Birmingham Jail" in order to compare their stances on civil disobedience. It argues that under certain circumstances and conditions, a person is morally justified, if not required, to disobey unjust laws as a symbol of civil disobedience, provided that such action does not harm anyone in the process. It looks at how clearly, Dr. King's methods did bring about equality for not just African-Americans but for all Americans, while nothing changed in the case of Socrates who finally was executed.
From the Paper
"In contrast to Dr. King's views on just and unjust laws as they relate to civil disobedience, Socrates, upon considering Crito's suggestion that he escape from prison (interestingly, both King and Socrates are in jail for almost the exact same reason, namely, civil disobedience), rejects Crito's proposal and then offers his personal opinions on the matter. First, Socrates declares that "to escape is neither just nor is it good" for himself, reference to his agreement with the officials in the Greek city of Athens to obey their laws at all times as a citizen. Socrates adds that escape is not to his benefit because "he who does wrong cannot live well" and "if one cannot live well, life is not worth living" ("Plato's Crito," Internet). "
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Allen C. Guelzo, 2006.
A synopsis of Allen C. Guelzo's 'Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America'.
966 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes 'Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America' by Allen C. Guelzo. According to the paper, Guelzo believes that President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was "surely the unhappiest of all of Lincoln's great presidential papers," due to the fact that the proclamation is now "best known for what it did not do," meaning that it failed to truly free the slaves from bondage in the South.
Outline:
Introduction
Chapter One: Four Ways to Freedom
Chapter Two: The President Will Rise
Chapter Three: An Instrument in God's Hands
Chapter Four: The Mighty Act
Chapter Five: Takes Him by the Hand
From the Paper
"With the election of President Lincoln in 1860, many Southerners were convinced that Lincoln was going to do everything in his power to limit slavery in other parts of the country, especially beyond the Mississippi River. As a result, South Carolina, "the most defiant and fiery of the slave states," convened a special state convention "to secede from the federal Union" and declared "the dissolution of the union between South Carolina and other states. . . " (15). Also, most slaveholders in the South realized that Lincoln's Presidency meant "emancipation" which meant "insurrection and race war on the model of the Nat Turner slave revolt in 1951" (16). Thus, due to these events, including the shelling of Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 which effectively started the Civil War, Lincoln's decision to issue the proclamation was justified, for he knew that slavery was at the heart of the war and sadly realized that only by bloodshed would slavery in America be forever eradicated."
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The Dred Scott Case, 2007.
This paper discusses the pro-slavery verdict of the Dred Scott case, 1857.
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Dred Scott case emerged during the fight between Northern and Southern states on the subject of slavery in the 1856 presidential elections. The paper describes the case and shows how in each court, including the Supreme Court, the ruling favored the owners. The paper discusses how unfortunately for Dred Scott, he could never become a free man. But, the paper explains, that his efforts did not go in vain as his case accelerated the debate on slavery and he became a symbol of struggle for freedom for the black people in the U.S.
From the Paper
"Scott was born to slave parents and lived with his owners in St. Louis, Missouri. He was later sold to Dr. John Emerson around 1833 and since Emerson was a military officer, he would travel all over the country frequently. During his time with the new owner, Scott lived for long period of time in various cities such as Fort Armstrong, Illinois, Fort Snelling, Wisconsin Territory, Fort Jessup, Louisiana, and St. Louis. While some states had legalized slavery, Illinois was a free state and if Scott could prove his resident status, he could win his freedom. Scott decided to fight to become a free man and from 1846 till a decade later, his struggle continued and even reached the highest court of law in the United States."
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Youth and Disillusionment in the 60s, 2007.
An examination of two youths and their disillusionment during the 1960s as reflected in their books "If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home" by Tim O'Brian and "Coming of Age in Mississippi" by Anne Moody.
1,737 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the experiences of two youths, Tim O'Brien and Anne Moody, during the 1960s, and the profound affects Vietnam and the civil rights movements had respectively on their lives and outlooks. The author first describes the roots of youthful disillusionment at this time, citing the feeling of disenfranchisement, especially about Vietnam. Then, Tim O'Brien's book "If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home" is described in contrast to his upbringing. Anne Moody's book, "Coming of Age in Mississippi" is also discussed in terms of life in the South for an African-American woman. Both these works exemplify the social upheaval of the time.
From the Paper
"Then, in the summer of 1968, it was "a good time for talking about war and peace," and Minnesota's Eugene McCarthy, and United States Senator, was getting votes; "Lyndon Johnson was almost forgotten," O'Brien writes on page 16. Johnson was "no longer forbidding or feared" and Senator Robert Kennedy was dead "but not quite forgotten" while Nixon "looked like a loser." About that time, O'Brien received an induction notice, and the summer of 1968, prior to his entrance into the military, but while he knew he would indeed be in the military, he and friends would drive around the lake in his hometown, "talking about the war... [covering] all the big questions: justice, tyranny, self-determination, conscience and the state, God and war and love" (17). "
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Rosa Parks, 2007.
This paper highlights the bravery of Rosa Parks, an African-American woman who protested the racism prevalent in the 1950s.
913 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Rosa Parks, who held fast to her sense of dignity and worth as a person, risked imprisonment and physical assault, so that she could hold true to her convictions. The paper shows how Rosa Parks became one of the icons of the American Civil Rights Movement because she refused to relinquish her seat to a white man on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama. The paper demonstrates how Parks' single act of quiet defiance more than fifty years ago helped touch off the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
From the Paper
""To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, -- that is genius," writes Ralph Waldo Emerson at the beginning of his essay "Self-Reliance." (Emerson, 1841) And, one might add, for all women too! In his famous essay, Emerson writes that genius, and true self-reliance and bravery comes from resisting accepted norms, and refusing to follow the crowd, and the mass, popular opinion. Such was the case with Rosa Parks, who held fast to her sense of dignity and worth as a person, risked imprisonment and physical assault, so that she might hold true to her convictions."
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African-American Beauty, 2007.
A discussion of the novel "The Bluest Eye" by Toni Morrison.
1,513 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper portrays how Pecola Breedlove, the fictional young, black girl in Toni Morrison's novel, "The Bluest Eye", grows up in a culture where beauty is equated with whiteness. The paper conveys the American culture that infiltrated the African-American community, where beauty and blackness are mutually exclusive. The paper shows how Pecola hopes that by having blue eyes like a white girl, she at least has a chance to become the image of American joy. The paper discusses Morrison's belief that when mass culture requires virtually impossible body modification, then it is necessary to challenge the assumptions of that culture.
From the Paper
"Morrison's novel "as a whole" is a documentary of cultural invasion "and its concomitant erasure of specific local bodies, histories, and cultural productions--in terms of sexuality as [well as how] it intersects with commodity culture." (Kuenz, 2006) The traditional community of the novel where Pecola dwells, such as the culture of the prostitutes living nearby who have a fairly secure sense of their positive identity as Black women, has now been eradicated by oppressive, American cultural forces that equate whiteness with beauty, rather than the blackness that women see every day in the mirror."
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Medical Care, Race and Class, 2007.
An analysis of the discrepancies that exist in medical care for different races and classes in the United States.
1,384 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of medical care as it relates to different races and classes of Americans. Specifically, it compares and contrasts the differences in medical care for Blacks and Whites and different classes in the United States. The paper concludes by offering some ideas about equalizing healthcare between the different races and classes.
From the Paper
"A study completed in 1985 indicates that this group has a greater risk of not being treated effectively while being underinsured. This literature review looks at studies since 1985 to find differences or improvements in ethnic health care. They searched the MEDLINE database to find U.S. studies from peer-reviewed journals through 1999. They looked at studies that were general, and that covered specific diseases. They found, after including over 400 articles and studies for review, that there is still a disparity between ethnic groups, minorities, and whites in America. They looked at studies of several different conditions, and found clear results in some areas, and less clear results in others. However, all the studies showed disparity in healthcare between whites and other ethnic groups, and all showed there are still problems with minority health care throughout the industry."
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"The Bluest Eye", 2007.
This paper discusses and analyzes the novel "The Bluest Eye" by Toni Morrison.
2,201 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper relates the story of "The Bluest Eye" about Pecola Breedlove, a young black girl who is unhappy with her life and the way she looks. The paper portrays how, throughout the book, Pecola strongly believes that if she can only have blue eyes, she will become beautiful and all her problems will go away. The paper shows how her life is tragic because she cannot see the beauty in herself. The paper emphasizes the moral of the story; beauty is on the inside, not on the outside and concludes that this is an important lesson for everyone to learn.
From the Paper
"The narrator of the book is Claudia MacTeer. Her family takes in Pecola as a foster child, and they come to care for her. Claudia has an older sister named Frieda, and the three girls grow up together. Pecola is the main character of the story, even though she is not the narrator, because she is the one most affected by race, hatred, and her own idea of ugliness. Near the start of the book, Morrison writes about the Breedlove's "home," a bleak storefront, "They lived there because they were poor and black, and they stayed there because they believed they were ugly" (Morrison 28). Pecola believes from a very young age that she is ugly and white skin, blue eyes, and blonde hair is beautiful. That is why she wants blue eyes throughout the book."
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"The Bluest Eye"--A Review, 2007.
This paper reviews Toni Morrison's novel "The Bluest Eye."
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a synopsis and analysis of Toni Morrison's novel entitled "The Bluest Eyes." The novel takes place in the town where Morrison grew up during the first half of the 20th century, when the area still brimmed with racism and social inequity. Although the book may have centered initially on the theme of incest, the reviewer sees it as tackling the social, economic and cultural issues of the time. The story is described as the journey of Pecola Breedlove into self-hatred and insanity which was caused by the misplaced standards of society. The reviewer concludes that Morrison's novel incorporates the theme of perception and how each of us has our own view of reality. The view of reality may be a result of what the media or what society dictates.
From the Paper
"The book's story is set in the early 1940s - at the end of the Great Depression - and the MacTeer family lives in Lorain, Ohio (the same place where the author grew up). Nine-year-old Claudia and ten-year-old Frieda MacTeer live with their parents, who are more concerned with putting bread on the table rather than bestowing love and affection to the two young girls. There is an initial recollection by Claudia MacTeer about the year's events regarding the rape of her best friend Pecola Breedlove and the death of Pecola's baby. One glaring moment during that year which Claudia remembers is that no marigolds bloomed and she presumes that this was because of Pecola' father, Cholly Breedlove, rapes her, and it is fate bringing no growth to the marigolds."
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Rosa Parks, 2007.
This paper describes the role of Rosa Parks in the Civil Rights Movement.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the origins of the Civil Rights Movement in America, starting with Rosa Parks and the Montgomery bus boycott. The author shows how Parks' act of defiance ultimately led to the involvement of the major leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King. The paper includes a biography of King's life, influences and his impact on civil rights. Also described are some of King's speeches. The paper concludes that ordinary people like Rosa Parks showed the way forward to eventually affect change in American policies toward blacks and whites.
From the Paper
"Of course the American Civil Rights Movement had many other origins and precursors. The peak of the Movement's activities was in the period between 1955 and 1965. One of the aims of the movement was achieved with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed by congress."
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