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What is Wrong with Gasoline Prices?, 2006.
An in-depth research proposal regarding the price of gas prices and foreign policy.
6,041 words (approx. 24.2 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the price of gasoline and how we need to increase gasoline prices to prevent all our national policies from being determined by our thirst for oil. According to the paper, US foreign policy has become a hostage to ensuring adequate supplies of imported oil.
Outline:
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research and Review of the Problem
Crude Oil Prices and its Impact on Gasoline Prices
Political Impact of Higher Energy Prices
Objective of Study: To Advocate Higher Gasoline Prices Potential Benefits of Higher Energy Prices
Environmental Impact
Global Warming
Significance of the Study
Research Design & Methodology
Discussion
From the Paper
"The carbon dioxide produced by motor gasoline in 2003 was equivalent to 311 million metric tons of carbon [Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2005]. If we could achieve even 10% improvement in energy efficiency through use of lighter cars, it would save million of tons of oil and also reduce the carbon emission by 30 million tons. The 10% target is not just possible it is very realistic and even now a family car is about 25% more fuel efficient than a light truck (a term also applied to SUVs). The federal corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards set the fuel economy goals for new passenger cars at 27.5 miles per gallon (mpg). The regulations do not classify SUVs as cars but as light trucks. The light trucks only have to achieve 20.7 mpg. Even this is taken as an average of all light trucks and some SUVs operate at 12 mpg and can remain on the road legally. Some SUVs like Ford Excursions don't even qualify as light trucks and are not subject to CAFE standard."
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Illicit Iraqi Oil Contracts, 2007.
This paper discusses the work "Oil for What? Illicit Iraqi Oil Contracts and the UN Security Council" by P. Heaton.
1,483 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, Heaton's work, the United Nation's Iraqi Oil-For-Food program and its suspected illicit dealings, are investigated. The writer points out that over a 6 1/2 year period, beginning in 1996, more than 1,300 oil contracts were issued, with the intended purpose of humanitarian relief for the Iraqi people. However, the writer shows that many have questioned whether all of the money transferred during contract issuance through oil extraction went to the humanitarian aid for which it was originally intended. The writer discusses that Heaton looks to answer the economic question of whether or not Saddam Hussein utilized these contracts to line his personal coffers, as well for the purchase of weapons.
From the Paper
"This is an important question that needs to be answered for two reasons. First, the United Nations needs to understand not only where their Oil-For-Food program went right, but also where it went wrong. The idea behind the program is a sound one. It allows the U.N. to economically sanction a country, punishing its leaders, but still be compassionate to the general populace that have little to no choice in their country's matters. However, as this work demonstrates, if there are loopholes in the program, and the details are not sufficiently considered, the punishments, meant by the economic sanctions, will barely be felt by those in power. And, in fact, despite rules to the contrary, sanctioned countries cannot only acquire the hard currency they desire, but also weapons as well, circumventing restrictions. The article implies that Hussein was able to offer oil contracts significantly below market value, in exchange for kickbacks, which were given when the contracts were resold to other individuals or organizations, to actually extract the oil, closer to market price."
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Globalization, 2006.
A review of globalization as a homogenizing process.
4,438 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of the relevant literature to identify what forces are driving globalization today. The paper discusses how these forces have affected other countries. The paper further discusses the current and future trends in globalization.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
The Influence of Americanization, McDonaldization and Globalization to Date
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to some analysts, the technological innovations that have emerged in recent years take are largely taken for granted in the West have the potential for affecting the quality of life for billions of people in the emerging nations of the world, but that it is ethnocentric to assume that everyone will want these innovations or that they will have the same effect on all peoples. For example, Choudhury and Cui (2003) point to the increasing globalization of the world's marketplaces wherein more businesses are crossing national boundaries to produce and market their products in other countries. In this regard, Knight and Cavusgil (2004) suggest that the first trend toward the globalization of the world's markets has been a process that involves countless enterprises in international sourcing, production, and marketing as well as the emergence of various cross-border alliances designed to improve product development and distribution. "
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Vietnam and Iraq, 2006.
A comparison between the wars in Vietnam and Iraq.
3,284 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the differences and similarities between the wars in Vietnam and Iraq. The paper discusses the question of whether or not the US is repeating the mistakes it made with regards to Vietnam, in Iraq.
From the Paper
" For example, those who sought war in Vietnam feared China and Communist rule in the area, and the possibility that Communism in the Vietnam region would create a "domino effect", in terms to spreading Communism to other parts of Asia. In Iraq, America sought to interfere with Muslim-based religious and secular power in the region, and a chance to have a (supposedly) democratizing influence in the region, as well as proximity to and control over Iraqi oil. Today, the historical consensus of why America invaded Vietnam is that when the Communists took over North Vietnam (with backing from (as it was then known) "Red China"), America thought it needed to protect its non-Communist interests, and to help defend non-Communist turf, wherever in the world it was. Such an attitude was probably precipitated by McCarthy era anti-Communist paranoia. However ill-advised the Vietnam war was in hindsight, politicians of the day, Democrats and Republicans alike (Truman; Eisenhower; Kennedy; Johnson; Nixon) believed in the "domino theory": if one non-Communist nation fell, others would follow. "
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The Arab-Israeli Conflict, 2007.
An analysis of the book "Origins and Development of the Arab-Israeli Conflict" by Ann M. Lesch and Dan Tschirgi.
974 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This book covers the reasons for the Arab-Israeli Conflict and its escalation. The paper describes how the book presents an historical overview of events that all combined to lead up to the conflict. The paper quotes the authors who maintain that European intervention provoked the Muslim world in the late 1700s causing the Muslims to established a long-standing tradition of fighting to hold on to their land and their way of life. The paper notes the professionalism and techniques employed throughout this book. The paper concludes that Israel and the Arab world need to work together for peace, but this book suggests that there may simply be too many barriers in the way of that ever actually occurring.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, the two groups fighting seem to be fighting a no-win war. The text calls this the "zero-sum" approach and notes, "[O]bservers argue that Arabs will never really accept Israel's legitimacy and its permanent presence in the region and that Israelis will never accept the right of the Palestinians to national self-determination and statehood. This view holds that the conflict is zero-sum" (Lesch, and Tschirgi 4). However, others do not hold to this approach and believe that somehow peace can ultimately be achieved in the Middle East. Some cite the American and European involvement in current affairs as adding fuel to the conflict, and others cite how the two nationalist movements are so dissimilar, accord will be extremely difficult to reach and maintain."
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GIS Research Proposal, 2006.
A look at the need for research pertaining to GIS or geographic information system, used for military purposes.
2,853 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses military intelligence. The paper relates military intelligence to the use of the geographic information system or GIS. According to the paper, GIS is a computer system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying geographically referenced information.
From the Paper
"The next article to consider is GIS or geographic information system. A GIS is a computer system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced information; that is, data identified according to location. Practitioners also define a GIS as including the procedures, operating personnel, and spatial data that go into the system (USGS 2006)). GIS is considered a new and trailblazing technological application that aids in "scientific investigation, resource management and development planning. The power of a GIS comes from the ability to relate different information in a spatial context and to reach a conclusion about this relationship. Most of the information we have about our world contains a location reference, placing that information at some point on the globe. This is done by using a location reference system, such as longitude and latitude, and perhaps elevation. (USGS 2006))" For example, if a commander wants to know the trending of movements of a particular insurgent group in Iraq, the intelligence gathered-strength, disposition, mobility and times of activity-can be input in the GIS and with another trend and analysis application, an analysis can be made on where they are going and how soon can they get there."
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Realism and Foreign Policy, 2006.
A discussion regarding US foreign policy in relation to 9/11, Pearl Harbor, the Vietnam War and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
1,758 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the events of September 11th, Pearl Harbor, the Vietnam War and the Cuban Missile Crisis, focusing primarily on American foreign policy related to these events. It discusses how in times of crisis, Americans come together in the common goal of defeating an enemy. It also examines how the tradition of neo-realism has a deep-rooted historical basis in the political philosophy of realism.
From the Paper
"As a theory, national character arguments rely heavily on moralistic arguments-that our way of life is better, morally superior, to other political systems. It "equate[s] the country's national values-individual liberty, religious tolerance, human rights-with universal values" (Hook and Spanier 2004, p.353). This concept of is evident in the language of the 9/11 Commission Report; it devotes an entire chapter (13) to "unity" and different types of unity among Americans and our allies-"unity of effort across the foreign-domestic divide, unity of effort in the intelligence community, unity of effort in sharing information, unity of effort in the Congress." (National Commission, 399-428). This emphasis on "unity" recalls past instances of defending the national character and associates the struggle with terrorism with prior instances of national unity-the Cold War, or Pearl Harbor, for example."
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Mexico, 2006.
A look at Mexico in comparison to the USA.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of Mexico. The paper explores the basic demographic information about the nation, economic structure and how this structure compares with that of the United States.
Table of Contents:
Demographics
Governments (Mexico and United States)
Import/Export Laws
Economy (Mexico and the United States)
Hypothetical Situation
Effect of the Situation on the Nation and US Economy
From the Paper
"The United States and Mexico both operate under a democratic government that has an instituted political party system.
Mexico refers to its government is called a federal republic operating under a centralized government. It is interesting to note that the United States has 51 states, and Mexico which is only three times the size of Texas has 31 states(Mexico http://www.kmike.com/country/mxdemog.htm). "
"The legal age of adulthood is 18 in Mexico just as it is in the United States, however drinking in the United States is prohibited until the age of 21, while 18 year olds in Mexico are allowed to purchase and drink alcohol. "
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The Dubai Conflict, 2006.
A review of the debate surrounding Dubai Ports World running ports in New York and New Jersey; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; Miami, Florida and New Orleans, Louisiana.
3,304 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the agreement between the USA and UAE to allow the Dubai Ports World to run key U.S. seaports. The paper reports that the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), approved the deal on January 17, 2006 after DP World gave assurances that employee lists and other information would be made available.
Outline:
The Debate
The Fight for Ports
History and Background
The Role of Dubai
Dubai Ports
What's The Problem
Conclusion and Final Thoughts
From the Paper
"According to the US government Dubai is a major shipping hub with a large free-trade zone. What makes this place so interesting is its close proximity to countries of concern in the US; countries on the "weapons of mass destruction" side. Logistically Dubai is only 100 miles of he southern Iranian port of Bandar Abbas. The US has a vested interest in keeping commodities that can be used for nuclear triggers out of trade. Some of these dual use commodities are gas monitors and software. Traders of these products are able to mark up products by 40%, whether the sale is legal or not. When the US found out that American made spark gaps and high speed medical device switches that are used to break up kidney stones were being shipped to end users in Dubai, the commercial capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) , they knew an issue for debate was on the table. At the UAE, trading activity accounts for the biggest single chunk (16.5%) of a $20 billion economy and has become a favorite diversion point on the Persian Gulf for unlikely cargo. With no export controls and hardly any legislative bureaucracy this free zone presents an excellent cover for , airports and free smugglers hoping to bypass U.S. embargoes."
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The Manhattan Project, 2007.
A discussion of the Manhattan Project: America's secret project to design and build an atomic bomb during World War II.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the United States' rush to build an atomic bomb during World War II. The paper details the bomb's inception and shows how it was used on Hiroshima and then on Nagasaki, forcing Japan to surrender. The paper explains that the long-term push for the bomb set the United States on a course of creating and stockpiling nuclear weapons that shaped the nature of the Cold War. The paper discusses how although the atomic bomb ended World War II, the controversy surrounding its use continues because of the enormous consequences of using nuclear warfare.
From the Paper
"The Los Alamos site was chosen for two main reasons: First, a special weapons laboratory was needed to put the bomb together. Second, the massive security regulations were becoming a problem, with the compartmentalization of tasks so that the people involved with the various aspects of the Manhattan Project would know only enough to carry out their own jobs effectively. This approach worked well and was one reason why no information ever reached German hands. However, at the scientific level, such compartmentalization was a problem."
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Morality of the Iraqi War, 2007.
This paper argues that the U.S. was morally justified in using military action in Iraq.
2,050 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several concepts of morality and waging war, and showed that the US intervention in Iraq is morally acceptable. The author then describes a set of normative conditions developed by military theorists that must be met in order to consider a military action morally justified. The author further develops these concepts. The paper concludes by stating that the U.S. was justified in going to war in Iraq based on the five conditions of jus ad bellum--the right to go to war.
From the Paper
"Concerning the matter of "legitimate authority", it is a case of internal authorization of the legislative for the executive branch to conduct foreign policy, as "a war is just only if waged by a legitimate authority. Such authority is rooted in the notion of state sovereignty and derived from popular consent" . The US federal Constitution, in order to regulate and insure that the people through the Congress regulates a strict control over the executive power and subsequently over the capacity to manage foreign relations, demands that the Congress approve actions taken by the President in matters concerning foreign policy. Pursuant to this constrains, the US invasion of Iraq in March 2003 had the full support of the Congress assembled, expressed even by a "Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces against Iraq". This text stated that "The Congress of the United States supports the efforts by the President to obtain prompt and decisive action by the Security Council to ensure that Iraq abandons its strategy of delay, evasion and noncompliance and promptly and strictly complies with all relevant Security Council resolutions ". Furthermore, it goes on to authorize the President "to use the Armed Forces of the United States as he determines to be necessary and appropriate in order to defend the national security of the United States against the continuing threat posed by Iraq and to enforce all relevant United Nations Security Council Resolutions regarding Iraq" . Thus, considering this action, the presidency was indeed given the proper declaration of legitimacy in order to wage war on Iraq."
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Energy Trade, 2007.
An analysis of President Bush's advanced energy initiative to reduce the need for energy trade with the Middle East.
1,576 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the energy trade in the United States. It discusses the increasing need for energy compared to the consumers' decreasing knowledge about where energy is coming from. The paper then discusses President Bush's State of the Union Address for 2006, in which he outlined his new advanced energy initiative, with the overall goal of reducing dependence upon Middle Eastern oil. It then addresses this goal to further advance the use and technology of solar and wind energy resources.
From the Paper
"Renewable energy has been used in various, yet mostly private applications for many years, with ah classic example of the farmer using a solitary windmill to provide energy to a pump that provides water to his fields or livestock or the application of several solar cells on the roofs of homes, either in remote locations where other sources of power are to expensive to obtain or in the city where the novice environmentalist wishes to "get off the grid." Yet, these applications are very limited and the much larger possible applications and the technology that drives them can be rather expensive, in comparison to other forms of energy attainment, especially with regard to initial investment. One of President Bushes stated goals is to reduce the cost of these investments through the development of less costly technologies. Though is a relatively simplistic look at the actual numbers, wind energy, on its own has increased in capacity significantly in the last few years and the same can be said of solar renewable resources."
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World Trade Organization, 2006.
A review of the role of the World Trade Organization as a referee in international business disputes and a discussion regarding major economic concepts.
1,757 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly discusses two major economic concepts, the Ricardian trade model and free trade model. The paper further discusses what implications and effects the Doha Round will have on the participants of international commerce. The paper concludes with a summary of the arguments.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Analysis
Free trade & The Doha Development Round
Advantages for the LDCs
Disadvantages for the LDCs
Liberalization and LDCs
Reduction of Export Subsidies and Ricardian Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conditions of free trade, the least-developed countries and the developing ones, countries that import most of their food would be highly disadvantaged. Trade liberalization of agricultural products could lead to a growth in food prices, affecting the poorer countries. A solution to this problem could be offered by special aid programs regarding food, assistance to improve the productivity and subsidies for imports. "
"The impact of the liberalization of agriculture runs 3 different ways: prices for farm products grow, the producer's surpluses are lowered and the consumers gain. Even if this seems like a win-win situation, things are different for LDCs and developing countries. Several studies have shown that the indicator of welfare depends directly on producer's surpluses, and not on consumer's gain. This conclusion throws a dark light upon the LDCs as they have yet to develop their agrarian sector and cannot deprive themselves of the surpluses. But if they don't, they do not participate fairly to world trade. It is a bad circle. "
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Iran's Foreign Policy, 2007.
An analysis of Iran's foreign policy with regard to its regional support and relations with the United States.
1,527 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of Iran's foreign policy since the fall of the Shah and the Iranian Revolution in 1979. It particularly focuses on its regional influence and its support for terrorist organizations such as Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad and Hamas. The paper then discusses Iran's relations with the United States, particularly following September 11.
Table of Contents:
After the Revolution
Who Makes Iran's Foreign Policy?
The Changing Directions of Iran's Foreign Policy
The US-Iran Relations in the Post 9/11 Scenario
Iran's Support for Terrorist Organizations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The moderate former President Khatami tried to improve Iran's relations with the US as Iran even encouraged its allies in Afghanistan to co-operate with the Americans the Taliban regime after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The relations again turned sour as President Bush declared Iran as part of the "axis of evil." For a short while after the US invasion of Iraq in March 2003, the Iranian regime seemed to be intimidated at the prospect of a similar pre-emptive operation by the US against Iran (Schwartz). The fear was reflected in its sudden start of negotiations with the EU on ending Iran's nuclear program. The window of opportunity was, however, lost when the US insisted on a regime change and the determined insurgency in Iraq took root. The marked difference in behavior of the US against states that had nuclear capability (e.g., North Korea) and those which did not, also convinced the Iranians about the advantage of acquiring a nuclear deterrence; hence the current stand-off on the Iranian nuclear program between Iran and US."
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Poverty in Third World Countries, 2006.
A discussion regarding poverty in third world and developing countries and the impact that it has on globalization.
2,157 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explores and discusses poverty in third world countries and in developing countries. The paper also takes a look at how poverty effects globalization. The paper further discusses Michel Chossudovsky's "The Globalization of Poverty".
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Globalization of Poverty
India's Experience With The 'Special' Funding of Agriculture
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not long after Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in November,1991, World Bank structural adjustment loans and IMF loans were signed. "The loans were earmarked for repayment of six months of debt servicing of India's external debt totaling $80 billion, the loans helped stem a crisis of confidence on the part of international lenders." The work of Chossudovsky (1997) states that "The economy suffered from stagflation, the price of rice increasing by more than 50 percent in the months following the 1991 measures and balance-of payments continued to deteriorate as rising import costs were not able to be offset by a decline in imports of essential commodities or an increase in exports. The negative effects of the program on internal demand pushed a large number of firms into bankruptcy. The program resulted in dismissal of roughly one-fifth of the public sector work force with only a very modest "safety net". More "liberal" labor legislation may have marginalized further lower wage employees and landless farm workers as wages for these groups came under pressure while consumer prices rose." (Chossudovsky, 1997) Chossudovsky holds that "the program may well have contributed to a two-tier economy of increasing poverty for some and growing opportunity for others." (Chossudovsky, )"
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