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Globalization and Sovereignty, 2007.
This paper argues that globalization must lead to some erosion of state sovereignty.
2,664 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the subtle balance between globalization and sovereignty of the state. The paper supports the thesis that globalization continues to have an increasingly negative impact on the sovereign rights of individual nation states. The paper explains that globalization must result in a loss of sovereignty to some degree if unity is to be achieved. However, the paper points out that how much nations must give up largely depends on how different their laws are from international standards.
Outline:
Human Rights and Sovereignty
The Case of Feudalism and the Early History of the United States
A Matter of Degree
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The key roadblock to achieving complete globalization of the economy is the issue of sovereignty. Just as human rights issues pit the rights of the state against the rights of the individual, so does globalization pit the good of the world against the rights of individual nation states to determine their destiny. Until advances in communication led to rapid integration on a global level, the issue of state sovereignty was rather clear. Each state had the right to govern as it saw fit. Happenings within the borders had little impact on the world at large. That is not to say that conflicts did not occur, such as when it found that a certain group was treated unfairly, but when the basic rights of the group had been restored, the world once again backed out."
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The Political Climate of the 1980s, 2007.
This paper looks at the achievements of President Ronald Reagan and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the 1980s ushered in a new era of politics, with President Ronald Reagan at the reins. The paper reveals that Reagan is credited with helping to speed the end of the Cold War by challenging the Soviets on several other fronts and siding with the dissident movement in Poland. The paper relates that less than a year after Reagan left office, the Berlin Wall fell and the Cold War essentially ended in 1991. The paper looks at reasons for the swift collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
From the Paper
"Reagan is credited with helping to speed the end of the Cold War, which had preoccupied both nations for over forty years, at a cost of hundreds of billions of dollars, and had resulted in the building of some of the most destructive weapons in history (Hoffman 2004). During the late 1970's and early 1980's, the United States underwent a revolution in technology that left the Soviets behind in the arms race. David E. Hoffman wrote in the June 06, 2004 issue of The Washington Post that the Soviet system was under pressure from "Reagan's defense buildup and deployment of medium-range missiles in Europe, the CIA-backed mujaheddin fighting Soviet forces in Afghanistan and Reagan's proposed missile defense system, the Strategic Defense Initiative" (Hoffman 2004)."
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The Marshall Plan and Greece, 2007.
A discussion of the Marshall Plan and its impact on Greece.
1,706 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Marshall plan and its results in post-World War II Greece. The writer explores the career of George Marshall, and the Marshall Plans impact on Europe in general and Greece in particular. The paper gives a brief history of post war Greece, including its civil war, and why the Marshall Plan was initially ineffective. The author concludes that the funds channeled to Greece through the Marshall Plan helped the nation enter into a period of economic prosperity.
Outline
Introduction
The Plan in Greece
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The initial efforts of the postwar reconstruction called the Marshall Plan actually provided very little benefit to the nation of Greece. Part of that may be attributed to the fact that Greece had a major Civil War between 1946 and 1949 therefore the world's attention for post war reconstruction following World War II turned to other nations. "
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American Involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2007.
A discussion of America's current role in Iraq and Afghanistan.
2,335 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a general account of America's involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan, focusing on the goals and dangers of a US presence in these nations. The author gives a background to the ethnic and religious conflict in Iraq, then describes the current conditions and government structure in Afghanistan. The author emphasizes that Afghanistan's extreme Islamic rule makes it difficult for the US to expect to normalize relations with this troubled nation. It is further stated that Democracy and human rights in Afghanistan, according to the Western concept and understanding, might not be feasible or possible in the short term. The author concludes that the primary purpose of an American presence in Afghanistan is the destruction of al Qaeda.
From the Paper
"Anti-American violence has been increasing (Yaphe 2004). The imminent civil war is not likely to be between the Sunnis and the Shi'a, or between the Arabs and the Kurds. The clashes in many parts of the country were clearly a series of planned and coordinated attacks on US forces and civilians working on the reconstruction plan. The civil war is seen as likelier between religious extremists Sunni and Shi'a. Iraq is made up of 60% Shi'a Arab, 20% Sunni Arab and 20% Kurd. Sunni and Shi'a Arabs stand for Iraqi nationalism and want to maintain the country's political and territorial integrity according to the 1920 San Remo Treaty and the 1932 Treaty of Independence. And the Iraqi Kurds want to be part of Iraq only at the moment and their reluctance towards permanent status is a clear impediment to constitutional and territorial concessions. The second condition, which must be handled, surrounds the fate of transitional governance. Its nature, selection, and who would serve the cabinet posts were the points of dispute between the Coalition Provisional Authority and the Iraqis. The Governing Council apparently preempted UN-US efforts to form the new interim government by choosing a new president, two deputy presidents and a prime minister. Elections would not ensure perfect democratic governance or a pro-American government, but should reflect the consensus of the majority of the Iraqi people. What it took Britain to achieve a truly representative government after 900 years and the United States more than 225 years and a civil war has been made the goal for the Iraqis in only a year. And the third condition brings out the Governing Council's lack of legitimacy and the still undefined nature of political institutions. These issues cannot be resolved soon. The US needs to pass on real and transparent decision-making power on to the Iraqis (Yaphe)."
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Kazakhstan Today, 2007.
A description of Kazakhstan today, including its economy, people and standard of living.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a general background of Kazakhstan today, focusing on its people, politics and economy. The paper gives a comprehensive discussion of the ethnic mixture that makes this nation so interesting, including its various religions. The paper also gives a brief history of this emerging nation to place it in its current context. The author further describes concerns with the current government. The paper concludes with an optimistic outlook for the economic future of the country.
From the Paper
"Sovereign for just over a decade, Kazakhstan has been inhabited by Turk and Mongol nomadic groups for centuries. The region was conquered by the Russians in the 18th century and later, Kazakhstan became one of the republics of the Soviet Union. Modern Kazakhstan reflects a commingling of indigenous Kazak and Russian influences. Russians comprise about one-third of the nation's population and both Russian and Kazak are widely spoken. Russian is more commonly used than Kazak as the language for business and commercial transactions, whereas Kazak is the official state language. In spite of robust economic and political ties with Russia, Kazakhstan does not permit dual citizenship. According to the BBC Country Profile, ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan "resent the lack of dual citizenship and having to pass a Kazakh language test in order to work for government or state bodies." One of the motivations for Kazakhstan's strict citizenship policy is the struggle to create a "cohesive national identity," (CIA)."
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Identification and Globalization, 2006.
A discussion regarding the impact that globalization has had on the identify of the African Bushman.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of globalization and how it impacts identity in Africa. The paper focus on the African Bushmen, and looks at group as well as individual identity issues as the Bushmen relate to the globalization process.
Outline:
Summary
Introduction
Historically
Globalization
Putting It All Together
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In drawing a visual one can compare it to a phenomena commonly referred to as peer pressure in the world. It has long since been known that if one chooses to associate with a certain type of people it does not take long for that individual to begin to accept the mindset of the group. It does not take long for that person to begin excusing behaviors that may be questionable. In fact, there is a syndrome called the Stockholm Syndrome in which victims of kidnap and violence eventually begin to identify with their captors and become sympathetic to their cause. "
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Conflict in the Middle East, 2007.
An overview of the historical roots of the current conflict on the Middle East.
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of the related literature to show how there are three aspects that have contributed to the historic incidence of violence in the Middle East. It looks at how the reasons include the competition for scarce resources; a highly patriarchal social framework that disenfranchises women and encourages violence as a legitimate and acceptable practice; and inter- and intra-religious differences.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Competition for Scarce Resources
Highly Patriarchal Social Framework
Inter- and Intra-Religious Differences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Middle East features the mixed blessing of having religious sites that are common to the three major faiths in the region, Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Jerusalem in particular remains a mish-mash of legalities and religious niceties that have thus far allowed all three faiths to co-exist, but tensions remain high and everyone suspects everyone else of trying to preempt their historic claims on every square inch of soil. In this explosive environment, history will likely continue to repeat itself as one faith fights to assert its rights over scarce land based on biblical claims and religious interpretations. According to Blanche (2005), "The emergence of a Shiite-dominated government in Iraq is causing deep unease in the Arab world, which for centuries has been ruled by the majority Sunnis. "
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Oil Dependency Solutions, 2007.
A discussion of the problem of Western oil dependency on the Arab world.
1,699 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the stalemate America faces in trying to find a solution to being dependent on oil from the Arab world. The author traces the history and background of this problem, and cites the end of the 1973 oil embargo as the reason that no serious research has continued in this field. The paper additionally shows how oil pricing is high and further outlines the causes of Western dependency on oil. Also analyzed is the connection between oil dependency, the increased energy needs of emerging nations and the environment. The author concludes with a call for more research and public awareness of the issue of oil dependency.
Outline:
Introduction and Background
Genesis, Continuation and Increasing of Problem
Attempted Solutions
Evidence for the Problems of High Oil Price
Causes
Effects
Solutions
Conclusion
Table "U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices"
From the Paper
"Solutions to the ongoing and continually-increasing problem of oil dependency could still be reached; if the political will and commitment were to truly exist (and in the opinion of this author, it currently does not). No real solution is viable without that. Oil lobbies would need to lose their grip on Washington politicians, which would even conceivably happen only if a groundswell of citizenry were to threaten to "un-elect" the career politicians supported, politically and sometimes, at least to an extent, personally (trips; favors) by various big oil interests."
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"The Prince", 2007.
An analysis of Niccolo Machiavelli's "The Prince" and how his views are applied to international relations.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses concepts from Niccolo Machiavelli's "The Prince." The paper compares the leadership in the United States to Machiavelli's prince and suggests that America has been able to retain Machiavellian-style leadership on the world's stage. The paper discusses international relations in terms of Machiavelli's views and specifically focuses on economic or political power.
From the Paper
"The prime targets of trans-state terrorist organizations include powerful nation-states like the US and Great Britain. However, traditional nation-states with powerful militaries will continue to have an advantage over trans-national terrorism. Military might has proliferated among non-state entities such as terrorist groups like al-Qaeda, whose population is not situated within any geo-political boundaries. The terrorist network serves as an alternative military body to supplement that of the nation-state. Yet because the trans-state terrorist group does not exhibit other key features of Machiavellian statehood, such as land, non-state entities can never become powerful in the Machiavellian sense."
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Eisenhower and Cuba, 2007.
This paper discusses the relationship between the Eisenhower administration and Cuba.
5,612 words (approx. 22.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer researches the political developments in Cuba during the Eisenhower administration. The writer looks at how the Eisenhower administration viewed and reacted to political developments in Cuba during the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower. The writer notes that the relationship between the United States and Cuba changed under the leadership of Dwight Eisenhower for many reasons, which include the fact that during the Eisenhower administration the United States had begun with a plot to overthrow Fidel Castro's leadership in Cuba. Further, the writer points out that there are certainly other factors that were key to many of the policies and decisions made by the administration during the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower and that all of those cannot be within the scope of the present work. However, the writer notes that it is clear that economic drivers were largely calculated into U.S. policy during the time of Eisenhower's presidency. These were characterized by nuclear arms creation and buildup and communist threats arising throughout the globe. Furthermore, the writer concludes that the proximity of Cuba and the association with communist forces played a great role in the decision-making process in Washington.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
American Interests in Cuba Defined
The Background of Dwight D. Eisenhower
The Background of Fidel Castro
Economic Reasons Castro Gained Support in the Revolt
American Policy Toward Cuba - Assistance to Batista
Fidel Castro's Revolt Ousts Batista
Bilateral Attack Launched on Castro by the U.S.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Analysis and Discussion
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Eisenhower's form of leadership was one that delegated responsibility, appearing as though he was not making key decisions and working only behind the scenes. The Domestic Policy of Eisenhower one a middle of the road policy balancing the freedom of the individual with the needs demanded in consideration of the whole nation as well. Eisenhower did not believe in intervention on a federal level of economic or social aspects and stressed the balancing of the budget. During the Eisenhower administration the welfare state experienced growth and social security was provisioned to 10 million more than previously and minimum wage was raised as well. The Department of Health, Education and Welfare was created and the polio vaccine was distributed. During the Eisenhower administration the highway system came into being along with the Interstate Highway and Defense System Act of 1956 with 42,000 miles of interstate funded through fuel and vehicle taxes. Job growth was stimulated as the trucking and automobile industries fought for laws and up sprang the fast food and motel industries which accelerated the growth of suburbs and a homogeneous national culture simultaneously. It was the fear of Eisenhower that defense spending of massive proportions would result in an unstable economy and development of a military industrial complex."
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Al-Qaeda, 2006.
A look at the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization.
824 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses Al-Qaeda, the terror organization that has turned the world upside down. The paper reports that according to the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), al-Qaeda "seeks to rid Muslim countries of what it sees as the profane influence of the West and replace their governments with fundamentalist Islamic regimes."
From the Paper
"In addition to some structural changes to the federal government, the Bush administration also initiated landmark counter-terrorist legislation the most significant of which is the USA PATRIOT Act. The Patriot Act basically extends the powers of the federal government over searches, seizures, and surveillance of citizens and organizations. Although the Patriot Act provisions were designed to target home-grown terrorists, terrorist organizations, cells, and aid groups, its scope is relatively broad. Law enforcement can invoke the Patriot Act without having to first prove any direct connection between a suspect and al-Qaeda or any other terrorist group. The Patriot Act permits the government to freeze the assets of suspect organizations, too."
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International Trade, 2007.
An analysis of current international trade patterns and government methods used to promote and restrict trade.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses international trade patterns and trends, specifically the relationship between trade and world output. It also discusses the methods governments use to promote and restrict international trade. The paper then discusses the consequences of the nations of the world cutting off trade with one another. It gives examples of what the repercussions would be in the United States and in Japan.
Table of Contents:
Trade and World Output
Patterns of International Trade
Cutting off all Trade
From the Paper
"Island nations would be most hard-hit by a cessation of trade however. Japan, for example, although it has one of the world's most developed agricultural sectors, is land-poor. Japan has little farmable land compared to its high population. It cannot grow enough wheat, soybeans, or other major crops to feed all its citizens and has one of the lowest rates of food self-sufficiency of all industrialized countries. ("Economy and Industry," 2006, Explore Japan) It must import a high percentage of its food from abroad, and food is already prohibitively expensive in Japan. Japan also must import a large percentage of its energy resources, and were these resources not available from abroad, its manufacturing sector would be substantially curtailed unless other methods of production using sources of power such as electricity or solar power could be deployed to fuel the industry, as Japan does not even have access to much untapped fossil fuel."
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Darfur Genocide, 2007.
This paper focuses on the genocide in Darfur and the international community's ineffective intervention.
1,523 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a chronological description of the events in Darfur and considers the factors that prevented post-genocide interventions and actions. The paper also explores whether the local government can be held responsible in terms of the Genocide Convention. The paper shows how while there has been worldwide outrage and condemnation, very little has been done in concrete terms to hold perpetrators accountable. The paper addresses the question of whether something can be done to change the current tendency to ignore genocide when it occurs.
From the Paper
"The Darfur genocide has a history of significant length that begins with several separate conflicts. The first of these is the conflict between the national government based in Khartoum and two rebel groups in Darfur, known as the Sudan Liberation Army and the Justice and Equality Movement. At the basis of this conflict was what the rebels saw as political and economic marginalization. After a major rebel attack on a Khartoum military airfield, Khartoum's intention was to eradicate the rebels. Instead citizens were in the way and mass violence followed (Straus: 125)."
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Japanese Strategy at Pearl Harbor, 2006.
An in-depth look at Japan during World War II.
2,053 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of Japan 1941-1945 and the acts of belligerence that the nation displayed including the attack on Pearl Harbor. The paper examines the strategy behind the bombing of Hiroshima. The paper further examines the fact that had Japan remained more patient she would not have had to engage in a war or wake the American sleeping giant with an unprovoked attack.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Why They Did It
How the Bomb Changed Japan's Strategic Thinking
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second thing that American leaders were conscious of was the fact that America still had not made an earth shattering impression to the world about what would happen if any nation ever again thought it could attack on American soil. "
"With the information and belief that Japan was readying to surrender the war American leaders had to move quickly or the window of opportunity would be forever lost. If a bomb was dropped following a surrender America would simply look like a bully, not a defensive action nation."
"The decision to drop the bomb also brought a discussion that it would most likely prolong the war as Japan answered the attack by America, however, the real reaction instead was a surprisingly quick and peaceful surrender shortly after the bombs hit their targets."
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India-U.S. Relations, 2007.
Discussion of the developing political and economic relationship between the United States and India.
2,693 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the historic relationship between the United States and India, from its fragile beginnings to the current strengthening of ties. Several issues are addressed that have contributed to the relationship between the two nations. These include the Cold War, economic cooperation between the US and India, and India's security issues. The author believes that India and the United States are still in the early stages of what will hopefully be a strong and prosperous friendship. The writer concludes that decades of mistrust and friction must be resolved if relations are to fully flourish.
Outline
A History of Wariness
Economic Cooperation Between the US and India
Security Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States was frustrated by its inability to win influence in this strategic nation that serves as a jumping point to Asia and the Middle East. Even after the Cold War, the United States' relationship with India remained rocky over issues such as nuclear proliferation, India's conflict with Pakistan, and high trade tariffs. However, a new era seems to be dawning in U.S-Indian relations. Both sides have begun to look past historically divisive issues and to focus on natural synergies between the nations, particularly in the area of economic cooperation. Despite growing economic ties between the nations and increased understanding over India's nuclear status, significant issues still remain in the development of a solid partnership between India and the United States."
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