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Traditional Gender Roles, 2007.
This paper analyzes when changes have occurred in traditional gender roles.
1,027 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that in times of crisis, or in unusual circumstances, traditional gender roles are often ignored or relaxed. The paper illustrates this phenomenon by looking at the Suffragette Movement of the First World War era, the Second World War and the Women's Rights Movement of the nineteen-sixties and nineteen-seventies.
From the Paper
"The Suffragette Movement of the early twentieth century, which culminated in American women winning the right to vote, had been slowly gaining support among women for decades, but little progress was made until the First World War. This global conflict swept away traditional beliefs and values, and produced a brief era of idealism and liberalism. Millions of American women challenged prevailing attitudes about gender roles and rejected the centuries-old conviction that they should play no role in politics or government simply because they were women. (Collins 304-305)"
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Fukuzawa Yukichi's Memoirs, 2007.
This paper analyzes Fukuzawa Yukichi's lifetime experiences in "The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi".
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Fukuzawa Yukichi's autobiography that has long been considered a classic towards understanding the history of the Meiji period and modern Japan. The paper examines Fukuzawa's youth and education and describes his reputation as an author, political theorist and educator determined to inspire reform of Japanese society, government and institutions. The paper concludes that he left Japanese society having inspired thousands of young people to move beyond a traditional order that so often constrained them.
Outline:
Introduction
Escape from Expectations
A Samurai Returns
Last Remarks - an Unique Personality
From the Paper
"This volume has long been considered a classic towards understanding different currents in the history of Meiji and modern Japan. (1980) It is readable from the very first page and most readers will take to the unique voice that permeates the entire book, although Yukichi Fukuzawa (1835-1901) dictated his memoirs to a relation in 1897, as were translated into English by the narrator's grandson. Fukuzawa was born into the lower samurai clan of his father, Fukuzawa Hyakusuku, Samurai of the Okudaira clan on the island of Kyushu. His mother was the eldest daughter of another samurai of the same clan. (p.1) Readers with previous interest in 19th century Japan will probably take interest in what is related of one of the last generations of a lower samurai family, its sense of propriety, and Yukichi's departure from the tradition in which he was raised. He nearly succumbed to typhoid fever in youth. (pp.40-41)"
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Sayyid Ahmad Khan, 2007.
A review of the life and contributions of Sayyid Ahmad Khan to Islam.
1,863 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the modernism of Islamist philosopher and religious reformer, Sayyid Ahmad Khan and its place in the religious history of Islam. The paper provides a background of Ahmad Khan's life. It then discusses his contributions to Islam and examines the nature of the modernist reformist ideology of Sayyid Ahmad Khan in the 19th century.
Table of Contents:
Biography
Sayyid Ahmad Khan's Contributions to Islam
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the one Islamic modernist explored in this study reflects the growing sense of secularization of Muslim society in the 19th century. Although the likes of Sayyid Ahmad Khan were not able to create a strong enough educational resistance to religious dominance in their own cultures; he was able to counteract a complete control of the British imperialism that used the ignorance of religious dogma within Indian communities. By invoking greater secular program and institutions to help teach science and technology, Sayyid Ahmad Khan was able to create a foundation for the transformation of Islamic society. By using education as a platform to change the thinking patterns of Muslims bent on orthodox Islam, this teacher helped to implement changes that integrated religion into the new logic and reasoning of western thought."
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Conflict in Civil Wars, 2007.
A comparison of war in "The Capture of Atlanta" by General William T. Sherman, "Picasso's Guernica" by Sam Hunter and "The Sniper" by Liam O'Flaherty.
722 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses three novels relating to different civil wars: "The Capture of Atlanta" by General William T. Sherman, "Picasso's Guernica" by Sam Hunter and "The Sniper" by Liam O'Flaherty. It compares the different views that are presented in each book regarding conflict in the American Civil War, the Spanish civil war and the Irish civil war.
From the Paper
"These three writers address different aspects of civil war while showing some of the cruelty of war at the same time. Only Sherman tries to justify that cruelty, or at least to explain it away as simply something that happens in war. O'Flaherty shows the reader directly the real meaning of civil war specifically and of war in general, much as Picasso did in his painting of Guernica. Sherman was a soldier, and he gauged war while in the midst of it. Still, his view is too accepting of the cruelty of war and not sufficiently willing to try to end war without adding to the cruelty in the process."
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Women and the English Duel, 2007.
A look at women and duelling in the 17th century, as described in "The Female Duel," attributed to Thomas Toll.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the English duel in the 17th century. The paper looks at the reasons for duelling - commonly over women, because of rival factions, over public office, because of family quarrels or inheritance and because of disputed honorifics. The paper suggests that far from being the ideal of nobility, duelling was in fact a sport of violence by which comparatively minor offenses were settled by blood. It then specifically analyzes women and dueling at that time and analyzes "The Female Duell," attributed to Thomas Toll.
From the Paper
"We could expect readers of the era to peruse this tale with a superficial sense of morality and civil decency that perhaps masked a deeper, more perverse, desire to read a story about two women who went out to fight formally over the love of a man. We can expect that then, as now, such a situation might have been the fantasy of more than one Englishman. Despite the fact that there are historical examples of women engaging in duels, fighting in battles, and even living as highwaymen, it was still much more rare than the sight of two men fighting over the love of a single woman. For the situation to be reversed highlights the extremes to which even the fairer sex can go in the name of love."
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"Vindicating the Founders", 2007.
An analysis of Robert G. West's history book "Vindicating the Founders".
2,367 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Robert G. West, in "Vindicating the Founders", analyzes the actions of the Founding Fathers and discusses the factors that influenced them as they debated the framework of American government. The paper shows how West is critical of the ambivalence of many modern historians and political scientists regarding the Founding Fathers. The paper discusses how West strives to refute the negative portrayals recent scholars have presented, especially in terms of their allegations that many of the Founders had racist, elitist and sexist worldviews. The paper notes the strengths and weaknesses of the book and concludes with a strong recommendation.
From the Paper
"Vindicating the Founders is convincing and provides much needed balance to recent historiography, for too many recent biographies and histories have minimized the triumphs "that they won on behalf of freedom" and focused far too much on "their supposed racism, sexism, and elitism." (West XI) West clarifies these issues by explaining the commonly held political and social beliefs of the Founding Fathers, which serves to debunk the various myths and misrepresentations offered by both liberals and conservatives, in academia as well as politics."
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Music as Societal Divider, 2007.
This paper provides a brief analysis of the song "A Warning for Married Women".
1,246 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper portrays how the song, "A Warning for Married Women" represents the growing divide in the English class system that was developing in England in the seventeenth century.. The paper describes how the song is purposely morally ambiguous, lauding women and giving them choice and power, but also reinforcing the Christian ideals of the nobility. The paper explains that the song highlights the class tensions that were developing in England in that era.
From the Paper
"Music in seventeenth century England carried a very important role in molding society: while acquisition of musical knowledge and instrumentation was essential in forming the identity of nobility, the communal folk songs and sing-alongs were left to the peasants . As such, folk songs were a way to unite commoners while reinforcing societal values; music was becoming both a communal experience and a symbol of status. The song, "A warning for married women," written anonymously in 1685 and printed as a broadside is a good example of the tensions created by the expansion of folk music. Yet, the song is purposely morally ambiguous, at once lauding women and giving them choice and power, but on the other reinforcing the Christian ideals of the nobility, depending upon the perception of audience. The piece represents the growing tensions of the English burgeoning class system."
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Ottoman Empire Reforms, 2007.
This paper looks at the Tanzimat reforms of reformist sultans in the Ottoman Empire, with a focus on Mount Lebanon.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that in the mid 1800s, reformist sultans in the Ottoman Empire developed and issued the Tanzimat, a set of policy reforms. The paper discusses the political environment and policy system that the Tanzimat was designed to address. The paper discusses the general direction of the reformist agenda and highlights the application of that agenda in the Mount Lebanon province in order to assess the success of the Ottoman reforms and their subsequent impact on policy administration in the modern Middle East.
Outline:
Local Administration in the Ottoman Empire
Implementation of the Tanzimat in Mount Lebanon
From the Paper
"In the mid 1800's, reformist sultans in the Ottoman Empire developed and issued the Tanzimat, a set of policy reforms that were designed to alter the established governing institutions of the empire and halt the empire's slow decline in relation to emerging border nations across Europe. The essential direction of the reforms was to centralize and secularize policy administration throughout the empire in order to ensure that individual citizens were treated fairly and equally, and that the empire remained united and strengthened. In order to achieve this, reformist sultans realized that local institutions had to be controlled so that they were not taking advantage of their distance from the capital to manipulate subjects and policy in order enrich a few local citizens. Their attempt at reform was, at its foundation, the same movement toward rationalizing and realigning policy administration that occurred in the nations of Europe in and around the 18th Century, so that the elements of the modern state could emerge throughout the scattered empire."
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Revolutions In Europe, 2007.
An analysis of "Revolutions in Europe, 1848-1849: From Reform to Reaction" edited by R. J. W. Evans and Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann.
1,208 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the book "Revolutions in Europe, 1848-1849: From Reform to Reaction", which examines the revolutionary events that shook Europe in the middle of the nineteenth century. The paper describes how ordinary people began to publicly express nationalist fervor and join in mass protests against the reactionary authorities who had held political and governmental power in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. The paper expresses the opinion that the authors and editors of the book provide a systematic and comprehensive analysis of these revolutionary events.
From the Paper
"Beginning in that year the continent of Europe was rocked by revolt and rebellion, most especially in the German-speaking lands of central Europe, where ordinary people began to publicly express nationalist fervor and joined in mass popular protests against the reactionary authorities who had held political and governmental power in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars."
"The historical essays in this book explain that in 1848 and 1849, German peasants, workers, and artisans joined together to rebel against the Metternich system, inspired by ideals of nationalism and national self-determination. In analyzing their role, the authors note that they were all motivated by the same basic political and economic ideals, for they realized that their governments had little if any interest in their welfare and viewed them with contempt and condescension. Weary of oppression, millions of ordinary Europeans realized for the first time in their lives that they could effect political change through public resistance to authority. (Evans 25)"
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The Privatization of Capital Punishment, 2007.
A review of the historical content of Randall McGowen's "Civilizing Punishment:The End of the Public Execution in England."
1,029 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Randall McGowen's "Civilizing Punishment:The End of the Public Execution in England," which examines the transformation in capital punishment that occurred in the United Kingdom during the early nineteenth century. It discusses, according to the book, how capital punishment was moved out of the public sphere and into the private one. The paper discusses the historical content of McGowen's work and the conclusions that he draws.
From the Paper
"McGowen concludes that the purpose of privatizing executions in England in the nineteenth century was partly to curtail expression of violence and promote more civilized morality (McGowen 280). More than that, however, moving executions into the private sphere was part of a changing cultural discourse and the development of a more refined middle class that did not want to be confronted with the realities of capital punishment. Finding the practice morally repugnant, as well as probably aesthetically unappealing, the reform movement was an expression of middle class distaste for executions and death. Attempts to outlaw the practice entirely were unsuccessful at that time, but did result in the removal of executions from public venues. Death and criminal punishment ceased forever in England to be a carnival-esque spectacle and became a more solemn, controlled, and presumably human practice."
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"Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America", 2007.
A review of Benjamin Franklin's essay, "Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America."
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Benjamin Franklin's "Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America," which is a piece of early American literature that highlights Franklin's criticism of the noble savage hypothesis. The paper examines Franklin's text in light of the noble savage premise and demonstrates the manner in which Franklin deftly avoided falling into the intellectual trap that that premise presented.
From the Paper
"Benjamin Franklin's "Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America" is an important early American essay on the social and cultural nature of the native people with which Franklin had experience. His commentary on the construction of their societies and their relationships with other people, including Europeans, represents an important document on the perception of native people by the early American settlers. More than that, however, Franklin's descriptions of native life are posed in such a way as to highlight some of the failings of his own Western society, so that his essay could function both as an informative piece and as sharp political and social satire."
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Historians and Computers, 2007.
A discussion of the article "Computers and the Subversion of British History" by R.J. Morris.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how R.J. Morris in his 1995 article "Computers and the Subversion of British History", attempted to qualify some of the challenges and opportunities that the computer revolution would have in store for historians. The paper explains Morris' thesis that with the advent of computing technology and the availability of vast stores of data such as the World Wide Web, the historian's abilities have changed. The paper posits that to some degree, his thesis was correct; there have been changes that have required shifts in the way that historians think about and process information.
From the Paper
"The still developing computer and technology revolution that began in earnest in the latter half of the Twentieth Century has had a decidedly impressive impact on academic disciplines well beyond the scope of computer science or engineering. In fact, disciplines in the humanities are being significantly affected by the incredible changes that computing technology has wrought. History, in particular, has undergone major--but also superficial--changes as a result of the computer revolution."
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China, Russia and Mongolia, 2007.
A review of David Christian's text, "A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia".
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discuss a major scholarly work that examines the eventful history of Russia, Central Asia, and Mongolia. It analyzes David Christian's text, "A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia" and focuses on how climactic realities of the European continental interior produced insulated "warrior" states that were alternately insecure and intrepid in their pursuit of glory and tribute. It describes the toughness of the climate and the curious geography of the continental interior.
From the Paper
"David Christian has done a marvelous job of capturing the manner in which topography, climate and a few well-placed mountain ranges can produce militarism, insularity, suspicion and, in the case of Russia, comparatively sparse populations. Courtesy this investigation, it becomes evident that many of the unflattering characteristics westerners ascribe to both the Russians and Chinese today are the products of hardscrabble existences in an environment that facilitated military struggle. Beyond that, the geography and topography of Inner Eurasia locked these peoples off from the outside world in such a way that they became insular and inward-looking - a sure prescription for the sort of paranoia and xenophobia that often drives military expansionism and preparedness. In the end, just as scholars once thought that biology determined destiny, so too may it be said that the history of Inner Eurasia has been remarkably shaped by geography."
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Immigration and Canadian Diversity, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of immigration and diversity in Canada, while looking at accounts regarding Chinese immigrants in the 19th and 20th century.
2,182 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses two news accounts that presented similar backgrounds regarding the Chinese immigrants in the 19th century and the 20th century. The writer compares and contrasts events taken from these two time periods with academic sources detailing the same. The writer notes that economic strife and the hope of acquiring wealth, while apparently more pronounced in the 20th century, was the primary motivator for these people to take life-threatening risks as well as the risk of being turned back. The writer points out that the politico-social climate had perceptibly changed since 1860, particularly regarding the shift of perceptions of immigrants by native Canadians from a racial, white superiority perspective against the backdrop of colonialism to that of cultural paranoia fueled by biased media coverage and political secondary gain. The writer concludes that although steps have been taken to control immigration, cultural diversity remains elusive. This paper includes a detailed summary and notes regarding each of the sources.
Outline:
The 19th Century
20th Century
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This was one of the first accounts of local press during the 1860s regarding the arrival of Chinese migrants to British Columbia. Being of a foreign land, they initially shared the white man's dreams of finding fortune in the new province similar to the California gold rush. It was an equal proving ground where, literally, one could keep what he reaped from the mines. However, as the fervor of finding instant fortune soon died down in the south, so did the gold rush in British Columbia. This did not mean that other industries were in lack. Indeed, the lumbering and agricultural industries were also abundant, owing to the gold rush that had to be sustained by settlements and towns requiring building materials and a means with which to feed the inhabitants."
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The Life and Legacy of Robert Bryan, 2007.
A press release tribute to the life of Senator Robert Bryan.
747 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper presents, in the form of a press release, a tribute to the life of Senator Robert Bryan. It describes his hopes and dreams and what he aimed to achieve while in office. The press release describes the obstacles that Senator Bryan faced while in office and how he overcame them to best relieve poverty, hunger and despair in this world.
From the Paper
"But these obstacles never discouraged Bryan, they always motivated him to work even harder. His tireless determination and devotion to the tasks he undertook is his greatest legacy, and the millions of people around the world who mourn his passing are taking solace and comfort in the knowledge that if they summon the same determination and devotion, no obstacles will be impossible to overcome."
"As a physician, a distinguished United States senator, and as the Director of the United Nations Famine Relief Program, Robert Bryan was foremost in the ranks of the healers of this world. He wanted to make a difference, and he did. He wanted to be able some day to look back upon his life and know he had done his best to relieve poverty, hunger, and despair in this world. Today, as America and the world look back on his life and pay solemn tribute to a life devoted to others in need, he is being honored as a man who did indeed make a difference."
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