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Confucianism Across Chinese History, 2008.
An analysis of the changing nature of Confucianism from the time of the Warring States to the Ming Dynasty.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of Confucianism and how it was adapted to serve the changing needs of the Chinese state with which it came to be so identified. It looks at the changes in Confucianism from the time of the Warring States to the Ming Dynasty. The paper also describes the importance of Confucianism in Chinese history and the fundamental disagreements about Confucianism that extend throughout Chinese history.
From the Paper
"This passage is interesting for its emphasis on how the Confucian focus on ritual can be oriented towards the individual and the individuals local relationships, with the broader implications for the state clearly being secondary. Clearly, this represents a profound shift from the heavy emphasis of Confucianism since the Han upon how Confucianism is useful to the state and government. Now, with Neo-Confucianism, Zhu Xi seems to suggest that the Chinese people have different needs that must be met in new ways through an adaptation of traditional Confucian thinking. In this adaptation, it may be argued, Zhu Xi is continuing int he practice of continual revision of Confucianism(s) that have defined the evolution of this philosophy in theory and practice throughout Chinese imperial history."
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Herbert Reaver and Chiropractic Medicine, 2008.
This paper explores the history of chiropractic medicine and Herbert Reaver's accomplishments.
1,589 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the history of chiropractic medicine in general. The paper then looks at Herbert Reaver's career and describes his singular willingness to stand up against the established medical community and assert the legitimacy of chiropractic. The paper details how Reaver fought both for the legitimacy of chiropractic and against the legal practices that actively discriminated against his profession.
From the Paper
"Like many medical pioneers, Herbert Ross Reaver was persecuted, reviled, and harassed by the public, the press, and the medical establishment. Indeed, he even holds the distinction as the most arrested and jailed chiropractic doctor in the history of the practice. What marks Reaver's career as unique was his singular willingness to stand up against the established medical community and assert the legitimacy of chiropractic. While the history of chiropractic medicine extends to slightly before Dr. Reaver's time, his strident position, his challenges and assertions, and his constant championing of chiropractic throughout his entire life and career map nearly directly with the ascendancy and recognized legitimacy of the practice. Indeed, Herbert Reaver's history is that of chiropractic."
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The World Order: 1945-1970, 2007.
This paper discuses the world order, especially the U.S., from 1945 after the end of WWII to 1970 and Vietnam.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the years from 1945 to 1970 witnessed the transformation of the world order, which had been characterized by the emergence of the nation-states of the 19th century and their imperialistic colonization of countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The author points out that, after WWII, with the power of England, France and Germany destroyed, the U.S. was the only major power unscathed in its territory. The paper relates that, when the Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb and imposed its constricting net over Eastern Europe, the two super powers aggressively opposed each other on either side of the Cold War. The author concludes that the state of the world in 1970 found a radically altered American society where, for the first time in its history, its Vietnam War policy was politicized and polarized.
From the Paper
"It is possible and perhaps necessary to view this strategic impasse less as a function of monolithic state policy than as actions motivated and implemented by government sectors, interest groups, or ministries. The arms race, with its high stakes in profits, needed a protagonist and an adversary; certain elements within the burgeoning military-industrial context also benefited quite well from the ostensibly anti-U.S. policy of Charles de Gaulle who "suspended military assistance to Israel" leaving the U.S. to become Israel's main arms supplier."
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The Historical Roots of Modern Terrorism, 2007.
An examination of historical manifestation of terrorism in society.
1,772 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains where terrorism has come from and examines the ideological foundations upon which it rests. The writer discusses how, historically, terrorism has always had political roots, where as modern terrorism has emerged as something that is somewhat divorced from this political context. The writer points out that understanding terrorism will provide modern scholars with the resources needed to understand the motivations and future actions of terrorist organizations.
From the Paper
"The threat of terrorism has been bandied about in the West since the 2001 attacks on the United States as the preeminent security issue for modern nations. While this may be something of a hyperbole, it is nonetheless true that terrorism does represent a threat to the Western world in at least some instances. But to understand the modern form that terrorism has taken and the real or imagined threat it poses, it is important to have a sense of the historical roots of terrorism."
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The Final Solution, 2008.
An analysis of the ideology and implementation of the Final Solution by Adolf Hitler and his political party.
2,315 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the ideology of national socialism which Adolf Hitler developed and wrote about in "Mein Kampf." It explains how this ideology led to the implementation of the Final Solution in Germany. The paper discusses the rise of Hitler and his ideology and party and how they managed to psychologically condition the German people to support the Final Solution policies.
From the Paper
"Early in the Second World War, Hitler and the Nazis began to implement the genocidal policy of the Final Solution, which consisted of a system of extermination camps which spread like a cancer across eastern Europe, primarily in Poland, into which innocent Jewish men, women, and children were taken in the millions for execution at the hands of the Heinrich Himmler's SS."
"In spite of the denials of millions of Germans that they had known anything about the Final Solution, it was carried out with the direct or tacit support of a great majority of them. Throughout the Second World War, tens of thousands of Germans were directly involved in developing, establishing, and maintaining the lethal infrastructure of Hitler's Final Solution, and no denials of responsibility can expunge their guilt."
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Decline of Britain, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of the relative British decline after 1870.
2,839 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in order to effectively analyze the relative British decline after 1870, it is necessary to examine nineteenth and twentieth century economic and political history and policies. This examination produces the evidence necessary to determine why and how Great Britain declined. The writer identifies the economic model involved and reveals the economic, political and social factors that combined to end Great Britain's long era of imperial dominance.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Specification of an Economic Model
Evidence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This decline was accelerated by the First World War, which strained the British economy to the breaking point, and intensified after the war when Great Britain and other Western capitalist nations experienced a severe global economic depression, which bankrupted treasuries and cost millions of people their jobs. In response, the people in these countries became isolationist and their governments proceeded to establish trade barriers to shut out the contagion of recession spreading around the world. But limiting trade only led to more impoverishment for the average person, more international turmoil, and another world war that cost fifty million lives."
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African Women's Roles, 2008.
An exploration of the impact of Islam and European culture on the roles of African women.
3,975 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the historical roles of African women within African culture. The paper specifically looks at how these roles have changed over time and analyzes the impact of Islam and European culture on the roles of African women. The paper shows how the presence of the Arabs and Europeans in Africa changed the course of African women's lives forever.
From the Paper
"As the impact of the Islamic influence on women spread throughout Africa, the Europeans began to infiltrate the country, adding their own perceptions of the female gender to the national philosophy. Yet, the Europeans believed that because African women were no more than slaves, they had the right to inflict any action against them that they desired. This often included rape and the forced captivity of African women as concubines. While these events occurred in a widespread manner throughout Africa, no effort was made by African men to stop the degredation of African women. Furthermore, over time it became apparent that African men had adopted the ideologies of the Europeans and allowed African women to become the least respected individuals within the social order."
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Pakistan, 2007.
This extensive paper is a political, historical and economic analysis of Pakistan.
4,320 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pakistan's turbulent history over the past fifty years, its geographical proximity to hostile India and the tensions generated by rival Islamic and Western influences have led to frequent changes in its constitution and to a general suppression of citizens' rights. The author points out that Pakistan's economy, throughout much of its relatively brief history, has been hampered by underdevelopment and chronic poverty in parts of Pakistan, as well as by fiscal mismanagement. The paper concludes that Pakistan's outlook over the next three to five years is uncertain and potentially grim because of the political and religious sectarian instability in southwest Asia: The entire region is a powder keg.
Table of Contents:
Prologue
Introduction
Country Essentials
Leadership Profiles
System of Government
Key Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ultimately, classical Islamic thoughts can contribute to the development of modern democratic institutions in Islamic countries, for the theoretical foundations of democratic systems of justice were advocated by the Prophet Muhammad and have been developed by Muslim philosophers and jurists for centuries. But because democracy is equated with the West, non-Western values and practices must shape the conceptualization and utilization of democracy in Pakistan."
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Colonization of the Southern Colonies, 2007.
An examination of the colonization of the Southern United States and the development of agriculture in the southern colonies.
1,144 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the various European countries that began exploring the southern colonies and their influence on these colonies. The paper explains the difference between the Southern colonies and New England.
The writer discusses the important role African Americans played in the history of the thirteen colonies and especially for plantation owners in the southern colonies.
From the Paper
"After Christopher Columbus came to the new world, Spain and France made several explorations. Spain sent explorers hoping to find gold and eventually colonized what is known today as Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. French fur traders traveled down the Mississippi River hunting different animals and eventually they claimed this area for themselves beginning colonies in Louisiana. It is important to recognize the part that Spain and France had in exploring these areas because these countries continue to affect these states today."
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Consequences of the Black Death, 2008.
An analysis of the causes, as well as the economic, social and cultural consequences of the Black Death.
2,024 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This presents the causes of the Black Death and explains how it was able to spread so far and so quickly. It also discusses the immediate and long-term economic, social and cultural consequences of the Black Death, in late medieval England. The paper shows how the causes, spread and the various consequences of the Black Death were all related to new trends in population. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Causes
The Spread of the Black Death
Immediate Consequences of Black Death
Long-term Consequences of Black Death
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At the heart of the Black Death are changes in population trends. Those changing trends such as urbanization, emigration, and new trading structures caused the Black Death. The same trends also caused the conditions which produced many economic, social, and cultural changes. The greatest economic consequence of the Black Death was an improvement in the standard of living. However, villeinage was just as much strengthened. The greatest social consequence was the reduction in population. Out of the Black Death came a new secular culture that was focused on state building (Cohn 738). The entire social and economic history of late medieval England was determined by the Black Death."
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The Decline of the British Empire, 2008.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the economic decline of the British Empire after 1870.
2,525 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an economic analysis of particular historical factors that contributed to the relative decline of the British Empire since around 1870. It begins by briefly discussing the basis for the British Empire's phenomenal growth. The paper then focuses its explanation for the Empire's fall on the collapse of free market values in the empire and their replacement with collectivist and protectionist strategies that encouraged rival nations to assert their own global dominance and threaten Britain's position.
From the Paper
"In the end, the Empire's rigid attempts to hold onto the whole of itself at the expense of free market values would be the undoing of the Empire. The tighter the control the Empire exerted to make up for lagging industry and slow innovation, the more threats from outside the Empire intensified as well as unrest within the Empire and nationalist uprisings. These factors ultimately had the effect of undermining the strength of the Empire. After two World Wars, the British Empire was thoroughly unable to maintain its position of global dominance and quietly let go of its remaining colonial holdings. In 1947, with the liberation of India, the British Empire was effectively no more (Windschuttle par. 3). The most powerful empire in the world--even if it was one of the most short-lived--was no more, suffering a relative decline in importance and authority began quietly as early as the 1870s."
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Greek Statues, 2008.
A comparison of Greek statues - the kouros of the Archaic period and the depiction of Demosthenes from the High Hellenic period.
1,529 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of Greek statues over the centuries. It presents an overview of Greek statuary, focusing on the Archaic period and the High Hellenic period. The paper specifically focuses on and compares the kouros of the Archaic period and the depiction of Demosthenes from the High Hellenic period in order to understand how the changes came about.
Table of Contents:
Overview
The Archaic Period: the Kouros
The High Hellenistic Period: Demosthenes
Comparing Statues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The kouros was never intended to represent a single individual. Instead, such statues were intended to represent a group of people, being that of idealized male youths at the height of their sexually attractive state. However, the statue of Demosthenes is clearly a representation of a single individual. It does not merely represent a group of people, being an idealized representation of the group "philosopher." Rather, the statue of Demosthenes is what Pedley calls a "psychological portrait" (352) of a living being, unlike the ambiguous kouros who exists suspended outside of time."
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"Growing Up in the Crossfire", 2008.
An analysis and review of "Growing Up in the Crossfire," by Modris Eksteins.
988 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the essay entitled "Growing Up in the Crossfire," by Modris Eksteins, a Latvian expatriate who moved to Canada as a child following World War II. The paper discusses the historical, emotional and intellectual points of view that are presented in the article. It also discusses Eksteins' writing style and reviews the accuracy of the historical content of the article.
From the Paper
"After being spirited away to Berlin, the Eksteins family, we are told, are then placed in a situation of lessened mortal threat but unbelievable poverty: a refugee camp where young Eksteins is to spend the next four years of his life. Eksteins evokes the end of the war in a unique fashion: not with silencing of gunfire or with friendly handshakes but with "a forest floor swept absolutely clean", which "is hard for Canadians to imagine" (356). This very statement sums up the essence of the overwhelming strengths of Eksteins' article: personalization of a phenomenon so foreign to us that we can only fully and emotionally comprehend it through excellent story-telling; little details that fill us with both horror and wonder."
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Post WW II American Wars, 2008.
This paper discuses three post World War II wars, which involved the U.S.: Korea, Vietnam and Iraq.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that both the Korean and Vietnam Wars were Cold War conflicts waged by the United States against what was believed to be the global communist of expansion. The author points out that, although the Korean War was a conventional war, the Vietnam War was a guerrilla war fighting an insurgency similar to the current Iraq War. The paper stresses that the difference is that this Middle Eastern war, to a significant extent, is being fueled by religious factors. The author concludes that LBJ and his advisers blundered their way into the wrong war at the wrong time in the wrong place just as Bush has done in Iraq.
From the Paper
"By the early nineteen-sixties, the situation had deteriorated to such an extent in Laos and South Vietnam that President Kennedy increased military and economic aid and sent thousands of American military advisers to train the South Vietnamese Army. For these Green Beret advisers, training the South Vietnamese inevitably involved engaging in combat with Viet Cong forces, which resulted in the first significant American casualties of the Vietnam War."
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Japanese Modernization, 2007.
This paper discuses the modernization of Japan between the period of the Meiji restoration and the end of the Taisho period in 1927.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the restoration of the Emperor to the throne, which began the Meiji period, led to a series of official policies, such as a centralized government and moving the capitol to Tokyo, which were conducive to the process of technology and cultural modernity. The author points out that, in the Meiji period, acceptance of Western influences were shown in the cultural milieus. The paper stresses that, during the Taisho period, western influences brought about democratization as demonstrated in a two party political system and calls for universal suffrage. The author argues that Japan's failure in World War II began during the Taisho period with Japan's policy of the colonization of Taiwan in 1895 and Korea in 1910.
From the Paper
"The Meiji restoration refers to the fact that the traditional emperor of Japan was essentially returned to power in 1868 following an extended period of Shogunate rule led by the Tokugawa clan. The Tokugawa clan ruled Japan from the early 1600s until 1867 and was largely responsible for Japan's increasing isolation from surrounding countries as well as fierce resistance to intrusion by the Western powers seeking access to its markets. Perhaps the single most pivotal point, vis-a-vis opening up and accepting the reality of the forces of modernization, was a series of visits by Commodore Perry of the U.S. Navy beginning in 1852."
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