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Bonnechere Caves Formation, 2008.
This paper takes a look at the geomorphology of the Bonnechere Caves.
2,313 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the geomorphology of the Bonnechere caves in Eastern Ontario. Particularly, the paper examines the landscape features of the Bonnechere Caves and looks at what that appears to tell us about the forces acting upon the caves, the Bonnechere River and upon the Ottawa-Bonnechere corridor more commonly known as the Ottawa-Bonnechere graben. The writer then enters into a more detailed discussion of the formation of the caves themselves and how they have evolved over time. In the final analysis, the writer maintains that the Bonnechere Caves need to be situated within their proper geo-morphological context; that is to say, they must be understood as being - however notable - simply a simulacrum of enormously powerful tectonic and climactic shifts that re-formed the topography of Eastern Ontario long before the first humans arrived in the area.
From the Paper
"Continuing onward, the landscape of the region also offers a peek at the isolation and undisturbed existence of the area for many millennia. To wit, given the geographic distance of the Bonnechere Caves, even today, from large metropolitan areas, it may be inferred that the landscape of the region was daunting and thus rarely penetrated by human beings; more than that, the boreal woodlands of the area were of such a nature that sedentary communities would have been largely impossible prior to the nineteenth century. Seen in that light, the pristine condition of the Bonnechere Caves until well into the nineteenth century is a tribute to the ability of natural geography to protect vulnerable ecologies and subterranean worlds from the depredation of humans."
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Global Warming in Australia and Worldwide, 2008.
An analysis of global warming and climate threats examined on a local (Brisbane), national (Australia), and global level.
1,390 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the climate threat of global warming on three different levels. First, on a local level, it examines the climate in Brisbane, Australia, a city that has experienced considerate climactic upheaval in recent years. Second, it examines the climate of Australia as a whole, a hot continent once renowned for its position below the largest hole in the ozone layer. Third, it examines the global climate. The paper maintains that, at local, national and international levels, climate threats are a very important, current concern. The paper concludes that, though climate threat has represented itself in Australia and Brisbane primarily under the guise of drought, heat, and decreased rain levels, on a global level this threat is represented by a wider variety of problems.
Outline:
Introduction
The Local Community: Brisbane
Throughout the Nation: Australia
Across the Globe
Maps (Appendix 1-3)
From the Paper
"The map of Brisbane (Appendix 1) demonstrates the water shortage problem in Brisbane. Climactically, this is one of Brisbane's biggest threats, as the city turns to the possibility of recycling sewage for drinking water. Light scattered rainfall is observable on the map south of Brisbane, towards the Gold Coast, in the Beenleigh, Logan and Coomera regions - though this rain stops short of Southport. Queensland mainland to the north of the map is experiencing no rain - a problem which has plagued farmers in the region for some time. Brisbane and the Greater Brisbane Area (Archerfield and Boondall) are also experiencing no rain. Scattered showers are continually hitting the same areas around Brisbane - the Gold Coast and some of the islands off the coast. The same local areas (Brisbane, and inland and north Queensland) are continually suffering, on the other hand, from high temperatures and no water."
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The Sustainability of Coal, 2007.
This paper examines the potential of coal as an environmentally responsible means of energy production.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper explores whether or not coal power can ever become a sustainable technology. The paper defines sustainability and explains that although coal power plants pollute the atmosphere, new technologies have made the idea of environmentally responsible coal power plants a possibility. The paper concludes that the use of coal in hyper-efficient gasification plants seems to be a viable, sustainable option.
From the Paper
"First we must articulate a conception of sustainability, a definition if you will. Conclusions about coal's sustainability will be largely arbitrary unless we establish from the outset a clear sense of what it means to be sustainable. This will provide the framework with which coal's potential to be a sustainable option can be evaluated. It is naive to think that sustainability is defined as an either-or proposition. Too often, definitions of sustainability imagine that a process, technology, or ideology is either sustainable or it is not."
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Geo-Information Science, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of geo-information science on the developing region of sub-Saharan Africa.
3,982 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper refers to a number of sub-Saharan African examples and discusses the scope of what geo-information science (GIS) has yet to offer such developing regions. It suggests that GIS is no different than any other technological innovations available to Third World countries. The paper also describes the ways in which GIS is limited by matters of application, interpretation and general human error.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Development Complications
What Remains the Same
Post-1989 Restructuring and 'Growth'
Water and the Future
Beyond Economics - Important Development Factors
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
" Also, geo-information science methods may be more applicable at some times in matters having little to do with development as discussed. For example, spatial information visualization techniques may be more useful, for the time being, in assessing refugee flows across national borders, as the purposes to which countries hopes to devote them and to provide but one of many examples, how does one plan development with or without GIS input for border areas of Congo now settled by refugees from Rwanda, invited and uninvited? In the case of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe's self-styled government has created a condition of relative starvation, accepted much military aid from the People's Republic of China towards an unknown but nerve-wracking political undertaking, the world waiting to know how much food aid may be permitted into the country, in the next year or so. In 2006, it was announced that with Chinese technology, Internet usage in Zimbabwe would be 'bugged' and modem use most limited on account of Mugabe's fears concerning his opposition. (BBC: 2006) Clearly, this kind of regime or overall environment does not bode well for any sort of development or studies towards future planning; earlier, like various other African regimes, Zimbabwe has forced foreign journalists and other observers and occasional NGO aid workers to leave the country."
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Coal as an Energy Source, 2007.
A research proposal exploring the environmental viability of coal as an energy source.
956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the use of fossil fuels is a threat to sustainability if current usage patterns continue to harm the environment and rely on an uncertain long-term supply. The paper looks at the use of coal and relates that there is an increased potential to exploit this abundant resource in a manner that is sustainable, produces minimal harm to the environment and meets growing energy demands until non fossil fuel energy resources can be developed. The paper discusses potential source material for this research.
Outline:
The Potential of Coal for Meeting Future Energy Needs
Research Guide: Probing the Issue
Potential Biases: Navigating Personal Values and Issues
Potential Source Material for This Research
From the Paper
"One of the most significant environmental issues affecting long-term sustainability is the world's extensive energy use. Despite claims that the world is dependent on oil, the situation is much more pervasive than that. In fact, modern societies are entirely dependent on energy. Fossil fuels are one of the most effective energy resources that civilization currently exploits. Technology and infrastructure for utilizing these resources are far more extensive than for any other kind of energy resource, currently making fossil fuels the preferred choice."
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Florida Blue Crabs, 2007.
This paper describes the characteristics of the Florida blue crab.
1,339 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the Florida blue crab is a major sea product and an annual sporting catch. The paper describes the nature of the animal, gender differences, means of reproduction, methods for catching the crab, methods of preparation and its economic importance.
From the Paper
"The Florida Blue Crab is identified by the color of the claws, and male and female can be told apart by the color as well. Male crabs have blue claws all the way along their length, while female crabs have red tips. The crab is classified as Callinectes sapidus Rathbun and comes as both a hard-shell and a soft-shell crab. This is a very important seafood product, the most important after the lobster. The color is a variation of green shakes, with the legs being the bright blue that gives the crab its name. The species is found from Cape Cod south to Florida and around the Gulf of Mexico to the Mississippi."
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Joshua Tree National Park, 2007.
This paper discuses the geological history of Joshua Tree National Park, located within the Transverse Ranges Province near Riverside County, California.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the boundaries of Joshua Tree National Park are several mountain ranges including a quadrangle underlain by a basement terrane comprising Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, Mesozoic plutonic rocks, and Mesozoic or Cenozoic hypabyssal dikes. The author points out that, even in arid climates such as Joshua Tree National Park, water and wind are the key dynamic as far as erosion of rock is concerned; however, what is seen today in this park is a collection of relict features inherited from an earlier time of higher rainfall and lower temperatures. The paper stresses that the park, located just east of the San Andreas fault zone, is crisscrossed with hundreds of faults from ancient and recent earthquakes, which can be viewed and clearly understood by an alert visitor to the park.
From the Paper
"On June 28, 1992, the largest earthquake to have hit the contiguous United States in 40 years hit the Joshua Tree National Park area - a 7.3 Richter Scale shaker. It was called the Landers Earthquake Sequence; it was the result of a "right-lateral shear on five major faults," according to an article in the journal "Science". The earthquake was generated in an 80-kilometer-wide swath of seismically active faults along the southern part of the eastern California "shear zone" - of which Joshua Tree is a part."
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The Everglades, 2007.
An analysis of the geology and ecosystem of the Everglades in Florida.
1,773 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the geology of the Everglades and the development of the topography of the area. It describes how the Everglades in Florida is a major ecosystem and discusses the ways in which it provides benefits to all of the Southeast United States. It also discusses the geographic stability of the area, as well as the influences on the geology of the Everglades.
From the Paper
"During this process, sediments from the Appalachian and other inland highlands came east and southward in streams to be deposited on the faulted continental margin, a process that buried the margin under a wedge thousands of feet thick made up of layered sedimentary and volcanic debris. Most Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rock layers are today found beneath much of the coastal plain, and the fringing continental shelf is nearly horizontal or tilts gently toward the sea ("Atlantic Plain Province" paras. 7-8)."
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Earthquakes, 2007.
This paper discusses earthquakes and focuses on the Los Angeles area.
1,879 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how the Los Angeles area is a juncture point for several seismic fault systems. The paper relates that the area experiences small earthquakes all the time and has experienced two large-scale destructive quakes in the past four decades. The paper discusses how until more is known about the forces and triggers involved, predicting earthquakes will not be effective.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Los Angeles and environs are transversed by numerous fault lines brought into existence by the pressures involved in the coming together of the huge tectonic plates underlying the earth's crust. The tensions in these faults build up over long periods of time to be released in an earthquake. The city has experienced two major earthquakes in the last 36 years after some 30 years of relative quiescence. Smaller earthquakes happen all the time, which may or may not reduce the pressure upon the system."
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The Republic of the Congo, 2007.
An overview of the make-up of the Republic of the Congo with particular emphasis on environmental issues that face the nation.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Republic of the Congo. It gives a brief overview of the history, geography, resources, economics and population make-up of the Republic of Congo. It also describes how the poverty of the nation has led to significant social and political turmoil in the land. The paper then focuses on the environmental issues that face the nation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Overview
Population
Geography/Resources/Economy
Environmental Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Congo is experiencing numerous environmental issues. Some of these issues include water pollution caused by the dumping of raw sewage, air pollution, and non-potable tap water. All of these issues are of the utmost concern because of the impact they have on both the people of the Congo and the overall environment. However the most serious environmental issue facing The Republic of Congo is Deforestation."
"This deforestation is occurring in the Congo Basin. According to Tsoumou (2007) the Congo Basin is the second largest rain forest in the world. The Congo Basin is composed of nearly 30 percent of the world's entire vegetation, and it covers an area of 470 million acres (Tsoumou 2007). The Congo basin serves as the habitat for nearly 400 mammal species; this is inclusive of the world's largest populations of lowland chimpanzees, gorillas, and forest elephants (Tsoumou 2007)."
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The Gobi Desert, 2007.
This paper looks at the past and the future of the Gobi Desert.
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the Gobi Desert, which is one of the most striking natural phenomena in the world. The writer explains that it is the world's northernmost desert and home to the world's southernmost glacier in the Gobi's Yol Valley. The writer points out that the Gobi Desert is situated across the border between Mongolia and China. The writer notes that despite the general conception of a desert as full of sand, much of the Gobi desert is only barren rock. The writer concludes that as students we can look to the Gobi Desert as a unique source of knowledge about geography in one of the most extreme environments in the world. The writer notes that the Gobi Desert can provide the thoughtful researcher with a wealth of information about how landscapes are shaped and manipulated by almost purely natural forces.
From the Paper
"Many of the geographical features of the Gobi Desert were formed because of the effects of plate tectonics over millions of years. At one time, the Gobi Desert region was at the convergence of two tectonic plates, a fact that helped shape the unique geographic features of the region. More recently in geological terms, the Gobi Desert region has felt the effect of the Indian subcontinent tectonic plate moving northward into Asia. While this movement has had the immediate effect of driving the Himalayas upward, the pressure of this convergence has consistently spilled to the east and west. It has fractured the Gobi landscape and helped drive much of the region up into higher elevations. When we consider the major geologic and geographic features of the region, plate tectonics must be seen as a primary cause in their formation."
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Hoover Dam, 2007.
This paper examines and discusses Hoover Dam in Nevada.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer relates that there are few dams in the world that have received the amount of attention that Hoover Dam has received since its construction years ago. The writer points out that, with an annual tourist draw of more than 1 million people, Hoover Dam is counted as one of the most visited tourist attractions in America. Standing at 762 feet the dam towers above the dry arid floor around it and generates power for more than 1 million customers in Arizona, California and Nevada. This paper presents an extensive overview of Hoover Dam. The writer explores the construction, the benefits to society the dam provides and the future plans for the dam. The writer concludes that Hoover Dam continues to be respected as one of the great architectural designs in America's history.
Outline:
Introduction
Differences
History
Touring Options
The Building of the Dam
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are two dam tours available, one that lasts 30 minutes and another that lasts for an hour. The half hour tour provides information for a tour of up to 80 people and takes the participants into four different engineering areas. The second tour however, has room for 16 people because it asks them to don hard hats and go deeper into the dam to visit 10 additional sites of interest."
"The longer tour starts with an elevator ride that travels down more than 52 stories in length directly into the canyon wall. Once the elevator stops tourists walkthrough a long tunnel to the power plant where tour members are urged to put earplugs in before entering."
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Pluto, 2007.
This paper discusses why Pluto is no longer considered a planet.
1,521 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in the not so distant past, schoolchildren all over the world learned that the planet farthest away from the sun in our solar system was Pluto. The writer relates that they learned mnemonic devices to remember the names of all nine planets, made models and mobiles, all with Pluto orbiting at the very end of their dioramas. The writer then describes that in August 2006, after many years of intense debate, astronomers declared that Pluto was officially not a planet. The writer maintains that perhaps the real question about the usefulness of the new definition of planet will not revolve around Pluto, however dearly the old model may still be cherished in our culture, but how the definition is useful in classifying new solar systems. The writer also points out that the question of roundness and what is meant by clearing one's orbit and other points of contention will continue to generate lively debate within the scientific community and in schools, whatever Pluto's official status.
From the Paper
"To say that Pluto is suddenly not a planet though, of course, is somewhat incorrect, as Pluto has remained unchanged, rather it is the scientific definition and astronomer's perceptions (and voting patterns within the organization) that have shifted."
"Surprisingly, until 2006, astronomy textbooks never had a single, universally agreed-upon definition for the word planet, as the IAU had never established exactly what constitutes a planet, and set specific scientific standards. However, defining a planet, or any astronomical body is always extremely difficult, as the definition must be universally applicable, to all solar systems, not just our own."
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Exxon Mobil Corporation, 2007.
This paper provides a strategic analysis of the Exxon Mobil Corporation.
3,617 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the Exxon Mobil Corporation, one of the major leaders in the global oil and gas industry today. The writer explains that today, Exxon Mobil Corporation engages in the exploration, production, transportation, and sale of crude oil and natural gas. Further, the writer notes that the company also engages in the manufacture, transportation, and sale of petroleum products and petrochemicals, as well as participates in electric power generation. The writer concludes that when the perspectives in the research are applied to large concerns such as Exxon Mobil Corporation, they can help identify the rationale for some of the company's actions in recent years, and can help predict what courses of action they will likely take in the future.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background
Strategy as Rational Thought, Strategic Planning and Decision-Making
Strategy as Revolution (Disruptive Innovation)
Resource-Based View (RBV) of Exxon Mobil
Strategy as Technology Leadership Viewed as a Unique Competitive Advantage
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Strategic planning, like any type of planning, involves establishes goals and identifying quantifiable objectives that can help an organization reach them. What perhaps best differentiates strategic planning from "seat-of-the-pants" or intuitive planning initiatives concerns how informed the decision-makers are concerning the environment in which the company competes. In some cases, strategic alliances with others may represent the best course of action for various reasons, while acquiring competitors also represents a viable alternative in many cases. Because every organization is unique, there cannot of course be a one-size-fits-all strategic approach that can be applied across the board to achieve successful outcomes to such planning processes, but there are some general guidelines that can be used to help companies recognize when one alternative is superior to another."
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Volcanoes and Earthquakes, 2007.
An analysis of specific examples of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes throughout history.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses specific examples of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. It discusses the latest eruptions and the latest earthquakes occurrences. The paper then describes the environmental and societal impacts that they caused both locally and around the world. Where possible, the paper also classifies the natural disaster and ranks it in history against other similar occurrences.
From the Paper
"Mexico City quake of 1985 - This quake measured 8.1 on the Richter scale, and killed at least 9,000 people, but many Mexico City residents believe the real number was far higher, perhaps as high as 100,000. Nearly 500 buildings were destroyed, and 100,000 homes were lost. It also collapsed most of the area hospitals, leaving little health care for victims of the quake. This quake is probably the most devastating of all those on the North American continent discussed here."
"Shensi, China earthquake - Occurred in 1556, the worst killing an estimate 830,000 people, which was about 60 percent of the entire nation's population. It destroyed a 520-square mile area, and affected ten provinces. It was rated an 8 on the moment magnitude scale, and is known as the worst earthquake in history, and the fourth worst natural disaster of all time."
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