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The Chumash: Seafarers of Southern California, 2007.
A study of the Chumash, a seafaring Native American tribe of Southern California and their possible connection with ancient Polynesian seafarers.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Native American tribe of Southern California, the Chumash, one of the few New World peoples who regularly navigated the ocean. The paper points out that they built plank canoes, unlike most other North American native tribes whose canoes were of an unsophisticated hollowed-out tree trunk design. Only Polynesian seafarers from the distant South Pacific were thought to use similar plank boats to explore and colonize the various islands of the Pacific over a thousand or more years ago. The paper draws a possible connection between the two peoples according to both linguistic and archaeological evidence. From a purely linguistic standpoint, the Chumash word for plank canoe, "tomolo", may be derived from the Polynesian word "tumu-raa'au", referring to the wooden plank boats used by Polynesian explorers. The paper concludes that these findings regarding the Chumash wood plank canoe may open the door to seeing Native American culture in a whole new light, and even call into question old orthodoxies about migration patterns.
From the Paper
"Due to the vast size of the area that eventually became known as California, there were at one time or another dozens of small Native American tribes who inhabited the region, differing widely in language, culture and lifestyle, due to the great variety of environmental conditions they found themselves in (desert, mountain, seacoast, etc.) The Chumash are a Native American tribe who historically made their home along the southern coastal regions of California, stretching roughly from the vicinity of what is now Santa Barbara in the north down to Ventura in the south, but (to a lesser degree) even extending as far south as what is now Malibu ("Chumash.") They also lived on the three largest of the Channel Islands: Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel. The Channel Islands, located about 20 miles off the coast near present day Santa Barbara, are the largest offshore islands on the West Coast of North America ("Channel Islands.") This offshore presence was unique to the Chumash among California Indian tribes and will have a central place in the subsequent examination of their seafaring abilities and possible trans-Pacific origins."
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"The Banana Boys" Book Review, 2008.
A review of Terry Woo's book, "The Banana Boys", as a reflection of the Chinese-Canadian experience.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Terry Woo's "The Banana Boys", a fiction book about Chinese born Canadian youths. The derogatory term, 'banana boy', refers to the fact that they are 'yellow' (that is, Chinese) on the outside, but 'white' (that is, Canadian) inside. The paper discusses how each of the boys has a distinct way of dealing with his identity of a 'banana boy', implying that there is no single Asian-Canadian experience. Finally, the paper adds that the book is relevant not only to the Chinese community in Canada but to the larger Canadian community as well, made up, to a large extent, of immigrants and their children.
From the Paper
"This book is of great relevance both to the Chinese-Canadian and to all other Canadians too. It is a unique work of literature that tells a story of the Chinese Canadians in present time, and their attempts to carve a unique identity for themselves, each of the boys in his own way. They may have tried hard to fit in with the "Chinese" identity or the "Canadian" identity, but there will never be a distinct group for them to fit in completely and fully belong. The "Chinese" and the "Canadians" do not quite claim them as their own, so they search for their own unique identity in pop culture. Many Asian Canadians who have been born in this country or who group up here may find that the 'banana boys' resemble them in many ways, and that the experiences of the 'banana boys' with racism, culture, work, etc. are also their own experiences. Furthermore, other Canadians who are also coming from different cultures may find that the book appeals to them too. The children of immigrants are often faced with identity questions much like the characters of "Banana Boys", and the silent cultural clash is something many experience."
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An Ethnographic Study: The Anna Nicole Smith Hearing, 2007.
An ethnographic analysis of the televising of a hearing in Florida on disposition of the body of recently deceased Anna Nicole Smith.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that an ethnographic analysis of an event and its presentation should consider the nature of the event itself, the nature of the targeted audience, and the characteristics of the commentary that becomes part of the presentation as well as how the different elements interact. The author points out that televising this hearing alone suggests certain cultural forces at work. The paper relates that "tabloid celebrity" characterizes the culture that kept track of Smith's activities and influenced the way this hearing was covered by all the news media. The paper relates that the popularity of reality-television influenced the news outlets to use the hearing to attract a large audience. The paper further relates that the courtroom has its own culture embedded within the larger culture and that when courtroom proceedings are telecast on television, the two cultures come together and may conflict. The paper concludes that the court often claims not to be influenced by the circus outside, but in this case, the circus outside was greatly influenced by the circus inside.
From the Paper
"The final day of the hearing was February 23, 2007, by which time the prevailing view of the proceedings was that it was a circus. Judge Larry Seidlin of Broward County was the judge for the proceedings, and he set the tone to a great degree. His behavior became the target of critics who saw his folksy mode of speaking and his informality as drawbacks, but many observers found some of his statements bizarre. The public is familiar with the general methods and tone of a courtroom from other courtroom transmissions, and the style of this hearing differed."
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The Canadian Italian Migration, 2007.
This paper describes various stages of the migration of Italians into Canada.
2,660 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Italian immigrants migrated in various waves of various sizes throughout the last century. The author points out that the early wave of Italian immigration, mostly crossing from the U.S., virtually ceased at the start of World War I and did not pick up again until the late 1920s. The paper relates that, during the 1920s, Italian immigration to Canada expanded so rapidly that Mussolini, the fascist dictator in Italy, attempted to halt immigration completely. The author states that, just prior to World War II, Canada began to curtail or even roll back immigration. The paper stated that, following Italy's entry into World War II, hundreds of Italian men were interned in camps while their families were left to fend for themselves. The author concludes that, continuing after WWII, the large number of Italian immigrants was largely responsible for providing Canada with the necessary labor and tax pool it required to re-establish its economic activity.
From the Paper
"The result was that by the 1960s Italian culture and heritage, sometimes with the assistance of Hollywood in America, became vogue to some degree. This period of consolidation allowed a new era of commerce where Italian markets, delis, and stores flowered across Toronto, Quebec and other regions where the Italian population was significant. One important factor during this era of consolidation was that Italian immigration virtually reached a standstill by the late 1960s. Italy had managed to substantially rebuild its post-War economy and the mass immigration out of the country ceased with the rebirth of its own robust economic growth in tandem with a healthy tourism industry."
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R. Hofrichter's "Health and Social Justice", 2007.
This paper reviews R. Hofrichter's "Health and Social Justice", which relates that health inequalities have their source in widespread social, economic and political forces that are linked with gender, race, class, and social justice.
1,225 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that R. Hofrichter's in his 2003 book "Health and Social Justice" contends that health inequalities originate in social determinants of the world order and policies that promote inequity. The author points out that gender, race, and class are important because of the structured hierarchies in society that determine people's life chances and the opportunities they will experience. The paper contends that gender, class and racial discrimination are embedded in all social institutions and in all aspects of life. The author stresses that health inequalities are not inevitable but are the result of preventable, avoidable, systemic conditions and policies based on imbalances in political power as exemplified in the United States, which has an atrocious record of population health.
From the Paper
"The Alma Ata declared that health for all would be possible. However, globalization was about to gain momentum. The Ottawa Charter for Health promotion identified the "prerequisites of health as peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity." The Adelaide Recommendations observed that healthy public policy is marked by an explicit concern for health and equity in all areas of policy. The Sundsvall Statement fits with the goals of health for all, and calls for a supportive environment to bring about equity and social justice."
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Diversity and Teaching, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of diversity on teaching in Australia.
1,997 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper looks the impact of diversity on teaching in Australia through an analysis of the background, experiences, and perspectives of two families. One family is indigenous and lives in Sydney, while the other family is of English descent and lives in Melbourne. It attempts to demonstrate that the educational system in Australia has not been meeting the needs of all Australian children and how schools are still influenced far too much by Northern European cultural and social values. It also looks at how the consequences of this prevailing influence have been detrimental to minority students, and to the educational system in general. The paper concludes that reforms are needed and must be implemented.
From the Paper
"Consequently, one of the main concerns of Kenneth and Isobel Bropho is that Indigenous students tend to have higher school dropout rates and enter the workforce with a lower standard of education than non-indigenous students. As DTE (2005) notes, they are also twice as likely to encounter health problems and less like to have access
to adequate healthcare services, primarily because of lower incomes due to lower educational levels. Kenneth and Isobel Bropho understand that their son faces far more challenges because of his Aboriginal heritage and are determined to ensure that he completes his education so he will be able to get a good job when he graduates."
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Collision of Ideology and Culture, 2007.
An examination of colliding cultures in "Master Harold... and the Boys" by Athol Fugard, "Dream on Monkey Mountain" by Derek Walcott, and "No Sugar" by Jack Davis.
807 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the concept of colliding cultures and competing ideologies as well as the related theme of identity in the three plays; "Master Harold... and the Boys" by Athol Fugard, "Dream on Monkey Mountain" by Derek Walcott, and "No Sugar" by Jack Davis. The paper also analyzes the strategies used in the plays such as symbolism, irony, and contrast in their elucidation of colliding cultures. The paper explains that contrast in use of language serves a significant purpose in relation to evolving identity for the oppressed. The paper also notes that colliding cultures can be reduced to the values of white dominant culture in opposition to the other - whether they happen to be black, aboriginal people, or some minority ethnic group. In conclusion, the paper shows that because all the other variables such as identity never are static, the concept of collision is also fluid and appears where it would be least expected.
From the Paper
"Davis' No Sugar is similar to Fugard's play in how it demonstrates the immediacy and perennial nature of colonialism. Mitchell (18-20) expresses this reality by stating that "the rhetoric of postcolonialism assumes that anti-colonialism has either overthrown imperialism or exhausted itself in the attempt". The fact is such a goal has not nearly been achieved; we continue to live in a colonial world. Walcott demonstrates class struggle and collision in his play through the ability of his Odysseus who is able to undermine the totalitarian power of the Cyclops (Giannopoulou 13)."
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Hispanics in California, 2008.
This paper explores the impact of the growing Hispanic population in California.
2,354 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the Hispanic population in California and analyzes their growth, racial identity and English proficiency. The paper looks at the ability of the Hispanic population to integrate into the United States through geographical stability, language diversification and economic strength. The paper highlights the need for educational improvement in order to maintain and support this large economic labor force in California. The paper concludes that this demographic will play a large socioeconomic and political role in the future of California.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining the Hispanic population
Are Hispanics a Minority in California?
Hispanics as a Staple Citizen
Racial Identity among Latinos
English Proficiency
Hispanic Education
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is an intrinsic difficulty in defining the Hispanic due to the numerous stereotypes evolved from such trends as migrant seasonal workers and illegal immigrations. The most widely used and accepted terms are "Hispanic" or "Latino" (Ramos 14). The term Hispanic is normally applied to all those citizens who are Spanish-speaking and have a historical and cultural heritage or lineage linked to Spain. Latino refers to people originating or having a cultural heritage from Central and Latin America. This is important to note the difference between both classes, as it can become confusing and cumbersome in data analysis. Latino does not necessarily imply Spanish background and linkages, instead encompasses numerous languages derived from Latin e.g. Spanish, French, and Portuguese, which are commonly found to be spoken in some context in many Latin American nations (Ramos 15)."
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Population and Immigration, 2008.
This paper looks at the issues of population and immigration with a specific focus upon the United States.
1,148 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at immigration and at its dramatic impact upon nations forced to grapple with a massive influx of newcomers. In particular, the paper looks at the political consequences of some ethnic and racial groups gaining ascendancy while others fall into relative eclipse. The writer also looks at how changes in the composition of the professional classes brought about by migratory inflows can precipitate hostility and resentment among the native-born. Additionally, the paper discusses how large-scale immigration can lead to transformations in social programs and policies and also to cultural transformations bearing with them significant political implications. Finally, the impact of immigration vis-a-vis crime levels is looked at - specifically as it pertains to the United States and its ongoing problem with illegal immigration. In the end, this paper concludes that the cultural and political dissonances produced by immigration can be curbed through acculturation, through strict enforcement of pre-existing immigration law, and through an end to divisive politics and policies that divide Americans along ethnic and racial lines.
From the Paper
"To begin with, it is fairly evident that immigration will shape the population of a country in ways that almost no other phenomenon can. For example, a nation with a declining birth rate among the native-born will invariably need to draw upon outsiders if it is to satiate the business community's demand for labor and if it is to find a sufficient base of tax-paying, full-time workers capable of subsidizing costly social programs. Suffice it to say, this influx can result in the absolute increase of some ethnic and racial groups along with a concomitant increase in their political efficacy; at the same time, other pre-existing groups within the host nation may see their relative share of the population decline and, along with it, their political influence decline. Unsurprisingly, there are those who fear that illegal immigrants - at least within the United States - can unduly impact congressional races simply because U.S. courts have traditionally taken the view that even illegal residents count when districts are being apportioned and gerrymandered. Still, as significant as these electoral matters are, they scarcely begin to describe the sweeping effect of immigration - legal and otherwise - upon recipient nations."
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Gender and Social Changes, 2008.
A look at various issues concerning racial and gender inequality and stereotyping in American society.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The United States is one of the most racially and culturally diverse nations in the world. However, the road to equality has been wrought with many battles between those in power and those without. This paper examines multiple cases on the issue of gender, class and race, detailing theories and research that play a major role in developing new approaches to inequality.
Outline:
Attitudinal Structures: Gender, Class, Race
Stereotypes of Women, Race and Welfare
Social Mobility
The Invisible Latina
Standpoint Theory
From the Paper
"In essence, the African American woman had to fight a two pronged fight: equal rights for race and equal rights for black women. The study notes that while African American women participated in the feminist movement, they encountered numerous issues when participating in predominantly white female political groups. The political agenda of middle class white women did not parallel those of the black woman, and ultimately African American women discovered quickly that classism would play a pertinent role in delineating the 'feminist' movement from the African American Women movement. Within their own community, becoming active was also a burden, as organizations were patriarchal in nature, and women were not viewed as a vast political weapon and resource. "
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Arab-Americans, 2007.
This paper analyzes the impact of 9/11 on Arab-Americans.
2,982 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for Arab-Americans, who were just as shocked by 9/11 as all Americans, there was an even greater intensity of emotion because of their concern that all Arabs would be stigmatized and blamed for the 9/11 attacks. The author points out that these concerns have been justified because many Americans have become hostile to Arabs and especially to Arab-Americans living in the United States. The paper relates that these reactions, which are deeply troubling, are not only irrational but also are a betrayal of the American values of freedom, liberty and equality that have made America great. The paper underscores that the Bush Administration security policies, such as racial profiling, and the mass media increasingly has portrayed a negative image of Arab-Americans.
From the Paper
"The three Muslim students clarified that it was a car, not a building, they had been talking about "bringing down" during a restaurant conversation overheard by the Georgia woman. But, on the second anniversary of 9/11, with memories of the World Trade Center towers collapsing still vivid in her mind, this woman in a small, conservative town in Georgia suspected that the three Arab-Americans she saw and heard talking about "bringing down" something could well be terrorists plotting to bring down a building or an airliner."
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Hanif Kureishi's "The Buddha of Suburbia", 2007.
This paper analyzes the theme of post-colonial elements of Indian identity in England within Hanif Kureishi's novel "The Buddha of Suburbia".
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that "The Buddha of Suburbia" by Hanif Kureishi presents the struggles of a Indian teenager, Karim, which are crucial aspects of post-colonial identity within the suburbs of England. The author points out that the "Englishness" of Karim and his family members are thwarted when his father decides to return to his Buddhist faith, raising questions of Indian identity within the family unit. The paper relates that the post-colonial elements of this novel are revealed through Karim and his father's desire to be Indian against the dominating colonizing principles of English society. The paper includes quotations.
From the Paper
"The early post-colonial elements of "The Buddha of Suburbia" revolve around the main character, Karim, and Indian teenager living in middle class British suburbs. Karim's father, Haroon, had essentially become "British" in every aspect of his life but suddenly has an epiphany to become a devote Buddhist. This causes a great conflict to those native English people in their lives, which is caused by the "native" return to religious principles that Karim's father wishes to explore. Karim's narrative defines the inherent racism of the English people... "
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Multicultural Los Angeles, 2008.
This paper examines multicultural crashes and mergers, depicted in the film "Crash" and literature about Los Angeles.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a culture is more than just a race, a language or a country but rather, through crashes and mergers, it creates new ways of seeing the world. The author points out that in Los Angeles, which is a cosmopolitan, world-class city with no majority race, the multicultural issues are not social acceptance problems that are common in suburban and rural districts, but instead psychological challenges, particularly the all-important and pervasive issue of identity. The paper stresses that culture crash is best grappled with by those individuals directly going through the continuous turmoil that it invariably creates and who are in the best position to portray their own responses to the continuing evolution of their culture.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, Karen Tei Yamashita's novel, "Tropic of Orange", deals less with personal issues of culture crash and merger than with the broader, even global, effects of mass culture merger and its attendant economic manifestations in policies such as NAFTA (which, as has been argued by many, has a tendency to erase cultural distinctions in favor of mass uniformity). Yamashita's novel does touch upon the matter of self-identity, in so far one of its central characters (Emi) is an Asian-American; but there is so much turmoil and turbulence going on around the characters that one can barely stop for the luxury of self-analysis."
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Multiculturalism, 2007.
This paper argues that multiculturalism devalues an individual's core culture.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that multiculturalism devalues culture because people accept different languages, traditions and habits of different cultures causing depreciation of the culture as they once knew it. The author points out that a culture must continue to be alive and the focus of the people or it will eventually be lost. The paper suggests that stereotypes of different cultures are portrayed that are not even similar to the real culture, such as Chinese restaurants. The author stresses that, when there is multiculturalism in a country, there is often discrimination toward different cultures.
From the Paper
"In fact, most people think of the culture as a commodity that can be sold. For instance, a Chinese restaurant portrays the country of China? Does it? Is it not actually a commodity people buy? Ricci tells how this type of commodity devalues the culture for which it stands. While many people feel going to a festival where different multicultural food is served allow them to get a taste of what life is like in different cultures, but it does not. Often many of the food offered in these festivals are not like what the common people in the culture actually eat."
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Polynesian Culture, 2005.
A discussion of the historical and cultural development of the Maori ta moko.
1,684 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper examines some of the basic cultural forces that drove the original ta moko designs. The writer further discusses its recent resurgence among modern Maori. It explains the highly ritualized process of traditional ta moko incisions. The paper suggests that the use of ta moko among the Maori can be explained in terms of a need to establish a strong cultural marker.
From the Paper
"The Maori Ta Moko: Historical and Cultural Development
Few cultural practices possess the immediate recognition and visual authority of the Maori ta moko. The ta moko is the unique and elaborate body tattoos that Maori traditionally receive. Both men and women receive the tattoos, notably on their faces where the intricate patterns can be quite striking and even intimidating."
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