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Mariama Ba's "Un Chant 'Ecarlate" ("Scarlet Song"), 2005.
This paper discusses the intertwining themes of roots, racism, sexism and morality in Mariama Ba's "Un Chant 'Ecarlate" ("Scarlet Song").
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Mariama Ba's "Un Chant 'Ecarlate" ("Scarlet Song") is about the failure of an interracial marriage between a young, poor man from Senegal and the daughter of a French diplomat, focusing on the difficulties of an interracial marriage, such as family opposition from both sides, the weaknesses of the husband and the culture shock of the wife. The author points out that Mariama Ba, born in 1929 in Senegal, was raised by her grandparents in a traditional Muslim household and, being a divorced mother of nine children, was no stranger to the trials and tribulations of marriage. The paper relates that this book makes no attempts at hiding the injustice of the Africans toward the white woman; like a Greek tragedy or a morality play, the lesson is for the people who hear and read the words of the author. Several long quotes.
From the Paper
"The men in the novel are, surprisingly, more sympathetic then the women of the novel. Strangely enough, it is Ousmane''s father, the Koranic scholar, who is the family member most accepting of his white daughter in law, though this is of little comfort as he calls the marriage "a necessary evil," (pg 66). While this may not sound like a ringing endorsement, it is considerably better then being an active force in his daughter-in-law's downfall. Ali, a close friend of Ousmane and the husband of Rosalie reproaches Ousmane for his treatment of his white bride. "How can you, Ousmane, betray trust? I hardly know you in your new guise.......besides, what do you reproach your wife with? Her Colour? Her mentality? The same grievances that her father had against you? Ridiculous! You are the racist now." (pg 138)"
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Intercultural Conflict in America, 2005.
Examines the causes of conflict between cultures in American society.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
Culture is a commonly shared system of attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. In the United States, there is a common culture of individualism, competition, a general belief in Judeo-Christian morality, an understanding that punctuality is important and other beliefs. This paper shows, however, that an American doesn't necessarily have only the values of American culture, or all the values of that culture. It is a multicultural society ethnically, racially, sexually and economically, and many different subcultures have emerged as a result of social, political and material forces. The paper shows that these cultures in turn sometimes enter into conflict throughout the public sphere of American society.
Paper Outline:
Introduction - What is Culture?
Ethnic Conflict
Cultures - Surface And Deep
Class And Culture
Deep And Surface Cultures Of The Classes
Cultural Conflict Within Classes
Works Cited
From the Paper
"But Gouldner finds that, with the growth of public education, the distribution of cultural capital is no longer so tightly correlated with the old class of the moneyed rich. The old class decreasingly controls the resources for the reproduction of cultural capital. Many of the battles over the content of television programs or the benefits that popular culture provides to society are based on the conflict between the NC and the older ruling classes, that are more conservative and less heavily invested in cultural capitalism."
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California's Affirmative Action "Prop 209", 2005.
This paper discusses the linguistic problems of California's Affirmative Action "Prop 209".
3,215 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that nowhere has the struggle to mandate "affirmative action" in a meaningful way been more viciously fought than in California, and its Proposition 209. The author points out that, at first glance, the wording of Proposition 209 sounds the same as the federal Civil Rights bills of 1964 and 1991 but it is actually very different: The sticking point is that phrase "or grant preferential treatment to", which seems to continue to make all the difference between normal equal rights and forced equality. The paper stresses that the idea of affirmative action is not to exclude anyone, but, at the same time not to include someone simply because of race or gender; while it would seem logical that affirmative action opens doors for admissions or for hiring in the workplace, it is just as logical that previous discrimination should not now become the basis for inclusion.
From the Paper
"Proposition 209 was only the latest attempt to "right some wrongs". California, it seems, has always tried to find some means of balancing hiring, education, and fairness, regardless of gender, race, religion, or ethnic background. With the growing minority populations of both Hispanics and Asians entering the state, some sort of fairness needed to be legislated. And, there were just as many who sought to defeat any sort of mandated (i.e. forced) hiring or college admissions. So, years before Proposition 209, there was CCRI...California Civil Rights Initiative
This is a proposed amendment which, as in proposition 209, forbids discrimination and preferential treatment. It was a Republican initiative, co-written by Tom Wood and Glynn Custred. They enlisted the aid of Ward Connerly, who was black and a Republican, and considered a traitor by many blacks in California, since he was one of those working with the Board of Regents to re-establish admissions and hiring guidelines in Berkeley. The reason he was called was because the Amendment was in trouble, lacking enough signatures to put it on the ballot in November."
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War in Kosovo, 2006.
An examination of the economic impacts of the war in Kosovo.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the background to the war in Kosovo and discusses the impact that an extended conflict could have on the economy. The paper looks at what NATO's bombing will do the the stability of the area and how Russia's involvement with and sympathy for Kosovo could balance things out.
From the Paper
"According to an article in The Economist, Russian Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov abandoned his money-seeking trip to the United States in mid-flight upon hearing that NATO bombing of Kosovo had begun. The Prime Minister's original goal had been to request money from the IMF as "Russia owes 17.5 billion in debt payment this year..."1 The country's previous default caused a drop in the bond markets. Investors fear that any more defaults could cause a chain reaction and completely destroy the markets.2"
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Affirmative Action Laws, 2006.
A discussion on whether affirmative action laws apply to police officers.
3,378 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how women and minorities have a long history in law enforcement and how, despite this, they continue to struggle for equality. It looks at how affirmative action has been found to be extremely helpful in this struggle and how it has become a legal avenue for fighting discrimination. It also examines the debate on whether affirmative action policies should be repealed and contends that affirmative action laws remain solidly in place, to prevent unfair hiring practices from once again becoming an acceptable norm.
Outline
Introduction
Background
Destroying the Myths
Racial Issues
Gender Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The difficulties did not just lie in the structure of society, however, but in the structure of the laws themselves. For instance, these laws usually centered solely on issues of formal rights (such as the right to vote) that were particularly susceptible to judicial or statutory resolution. The problem with this was that formal litigation-related strategies are often dependent upon hard, factual evidence; They neglected to take into account the more subtle forms of prejudice and discrimination which cannot be proven with a "smoking gun". Because of the blurred lines associated with discrimination, many employers were reluctant to risk litigation and therefore felt safer sticking with an all white, all male work population. It was for this reason the introduction of affirmative action was necessary."
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Status Frustration, 2005.
This paper discuses the work of Albert K. Cohen and his theory of status frustration, which maintains that the proverbial "Man" (stereotypical black man) is essentially a function of sub-culture.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Cohen's theory of status frustration, which explains that lower class boys are failures at bourgeois roles because they do not fit the bourgeois mold physically or through their learned mindset and thus tend to invert defensively the dominant norms, viewing them in a negative manner. The author relates that, although Cohen's' notion of status deprivation and the middle class measuring rod help to answer questions that remain unresolved by strain and cultural deviance theories, his theory fails to explain why some delinquent subcultures eventually become law-abiding, even when this social class position is fixed. The paper states that Cohen's theory also fails by standards of economists, who explain criminality, in particularly theft and robbery by gangs, by economic standards.
From the Paper
"In 1955, Cohen wrote "Delinquent Boys" to examine how a subculture emerged. He noted that delinquency among young men was more prevalent among the lower classes, and most commonly took the form of a juvenile gang. Cohen found that the values of delinquent subcultures are adverse to those of the dominant culture. The subcultures emerged in the slums of the nation's largest cities and are rooted in class differentials, parental aspirations and school standards, indicating that the root problem was a desire for recognition and respect, and the search for an accepted place in society."
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Sociology of Sports, 2006.
A thesis paper about the controversial issues around sports as a social entity.
2,958 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues of racism and ethnicity in sports. By providing a thesis statement, literature review, discussion and conclusion, this paper examines why the issue of sports as a social entity is so controversial. It explains that not enough studies have been performed in the sphere of sports and racism and ethnic issues.
Outline:
Thesis
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Why is the sociological study of sports so controversial? The subject is controversial for several reasons. Generally competitive sports offer the disadvantaged and the ghettoized young person a relatively level playing field in which to excel. Because of this many individualized from disadvantaged racial and ethnic backgrounds have used their personal athletic talents to lift themselves up by their bootstraps and find success in society at large. In contrast to the relatively level playing field offered by competitive athletics, an individual whose ethnic and or racial group is subject to prejudice and exclusion by the dominant social group, will find it difficult to evolve beyond the position of player to any management position in the same field."
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The Basque, 2005.
This paper discusses the history and culture of the Basque who today consider their "nation" to be located in the seven Pyrenean provinces, four in Spain and three in France.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the origins of the Basque people are unclear but possibly of Turkish, Magyar or Berber descent, the Basques may be the oldest indigenous race in Europe; their language Euskera has supposedly been traced back to Babel. The author points out that, for centuries, the region south of the Pyrenees was recognized as "una tierra apartada", a self-governing area, subject to an absolute monarchy and had its own code of laws and rights (fueros); in 1876, the Basque country was assimilated into the rest of Spain. The paper relates that the Spanish Civil War had a major impact on the Basque because the Franco regime, which exercised cultural repression over the whole nation, was particularly severe in those regions where a language other than Spanish was spoken.
From the Paper
"The father of Basque nationalism, Sabino Arana, described by Mark Kurlansky as an 'unpleasant zealot', insisted that to be Basque a person's four grandparents must all have been born in the Basque country and have Euskera names - a qualification which would be much modified when the terrorist organization ETA admitted to its membership people whose families came from elsewhere in Spain. Both Arana's party and ETA were officially founded on the saint's day, 31 July, of the Basques' most famous son, Ignatius Loyola. (The first Basque underground movement in the 1950s, formed by a handful of Guipuzcoans, initially called itself by the acronym ATA, unaware that in the dialect of the neighbouring province, Viscaya, ata means 'duck'.) "
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"Terra Nullius" in Australia, 2004.
An analysis of the concept of "terra nullius" (territory belonging to no state) in Australia.
1,358 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the legal battles fought over the concept of "terra nullius" in Australia. The paper explains this term to relate to territory that does not belong to any state - 'no mans land'. The paper explores the discriminatory rulings against the Aboriginal people of Australia and contends that a new constitution is needed. The paper claims that the present constitution was formulated to meet the needs of the invading English and should be replaced with an Australian constitution, which meets the needs of all races now living in this country.
From the Paper
"Australia's coastline is nearly 22,800 miles long. Australia is completely surrounded by water, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The Coral Sea is near Tasmania. The lowest point in Australia is Lake Eyre and that is 39 feet below sea level. The highest point in Australia is Mount Kosciunsko and that is 7,310 feet above sea level. Australia is the oldest continent and the lowest continent with only 6 percent of it is above 2,000 feet. Most of the continent has no mountains. The largest lake is Lake Eyre at 3,700 square miles. This lake has barely any fresh water in it. If you fly over it in a low flying airplane you would see lots of Detail. The Ayers Rocks are a wonderful sight when the sun sets.1"
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I.Q.Testing, 2005.
This paper discusses the controversy over the efficacy of I.Q. testing.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the I.Q. controversy revolves around four main issues: 1) the nature and validity of these tests, 2) the question of cultural bias in tests when they are used for certain minority groups, 3) the relative contributions of heredity and environment to individual differences in general mental ability and 4) the causes of the observed differences in mental abilities between social classes and racial groups. The author states that there is no correlation between I.Q. and success; about the only thing, I.Q. testing can predict is success in school because higher I Q children tend to like going to school. The paper concludes that, until I.Q. testing takes into account the environment of those tested and the creators of the test represent a cross-section of those being tested, they will continue to be unfair.
From the Paper
"Some who measure the effectiveness of I Q testing claim that children who have been exposed from infancy to the daily routine of mental stimulation have shown remarkable advancement compared to a control group. This seems like an elitist approach. On the other hand, how many news stories of over-achieving minority young people have featured a parent relating how "from the time he could read, we urged him to read and ask questions, and write." There are also success stories of minority young people who used only their own initiative to escape from dangerous friends or neighborhoods or to do more than survive when their families were torn apart."
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Nicaraguans in Miami, 2005.
This paper discusses the history, culture and influence of the Nicaraguan population of Miami, the reasons behind the large immigration in the late 1970's and the struggles for rights.
1,835 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Nicaraguan community, which makes up the second largest immigrant population in Miami, is comprised of three distinct cultural groups--the Creole, the Miskito and the Pacific Coast--each with their own unique history, location and culture in Miami. The author points out that the culture of Nicaragua has helped change the face of Miami through their predominately Catholic religion with their colorful patron festivals, unique culinary style, staple food items such as chorizo and crafts and art style. The paper relates that the Cuban population, feeling sympathy for the Nicaraguans, employed the immigrants and fought to keep them in the country; nonetheless, the Nicaraguan continues to have difficulties with the local Caucasian population and the U.S. immigration authority especially in the area of gaining U.S. citizenship.
From the Paper
"The first population of Nicaraguans in Miami was the Creoles. Comprised of mostly professionals, this small group came to study in the United States as early as the 1950's. Others in this group worked in the shipyards. While this group of nurses, teachers, accountants, and other professionals worked in the Miami area, their numbers were small. They adapted well into North American cultures, since American influence in their native Atlantic coast area of Nicaragua had been long standing, particularly through trade and missionary work. In Miami, the Creole population is generally concentrated around the Moravian Prince of Peace Church in Carol City, as well as scattered in small groups throughout the west and southwest."
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Australian Healthcare System, 2005.
This paper discuses that, in the Australian healthcare system, health and illness are largely determined by socio-economic factors.
2,675 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a plethora of qualitative research studies clearly show that the Australian health system has never met the needs of men and women who are poor and far more likely to suffer from health issue because of their social status. The author explains that poor housing conditions, exposure to excessive climates, disease, unclean air, soil and water and occupational risks exacerbate an already high level of environmental health risks for the poor. The paper relates that this group is faced with a lack of social support from the healthcare industry, little to no health insurance and other social systems problems.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Equity
Racism with Socio-Economic Concerns
Mental Health
Using the System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One aspect of healthcare that is often overlooked in regard to socio-economic conditions is the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. "Findings from a new study from Australia suggest that mental disorders and suicide attempts are caused by social factors. There is a need for social and economic responses beyond provision of mental health services." Findings by the British Journal of Psychiatry and a 1997 Australian survey of mental health and wellbeing demonstrated that socio-economic status was a major problem in mental disorders as well as attempted suicide risk. The poor were very likely to have associated mental disorders that include depression and anxiety disorders."
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Deculturalization and Schools, 2006.
This paper argues that de facto segregation still plagues American schools even though physical segregation barriers have been removed.
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that it is the practice of public schools in America to try to "Americanize" African-American and minority students so that these students become alienated from their own cultures. It argues that even though laws prohibiting segregation were passed, de facto segregation still goes on in schools because of policies of deculturalization.
From the Paper
"Deculturalization is the direct offshoot of segregation process that had for many years plagued the American schooling system. While some critics may argue that American schools are no longer segregated and thus there is no longer any racial issue to address, we must make it clear that education system in United States still favors the white culture so much so that African-American and other minority students are regularly subjected to rectification process that is meant to detach them from their own culture and make them more Americanized."
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"Mother Tongue", 2005.
This paper discusses Amy Tan's essay "Mother Tongue" about her experience as a Chinese descendant with a mother whose English skills could best be described as 'limited'.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that in Amy Tan's essay "Mother Tongue", Tan reflects on the linguistic tensions which plagued her childhood and adolescence and made her believe that her parents' broken English was having a negative impact on her performance in school. The author points out that her difficulties with English made her intensely aware of the different versions of the language she had seen, spoken and found acceptable. The paper states that Amy Tan's essay is definitely an effective and powerful statement not only on variations of English and her exposure to the same but also on class and cultural discrimination, which people encounter because of their inability to use proper standardized English.
From the Paper
"While at school, she was taught standardized English, at work and with college audience, she used similar idiomatic English, the versions she used with her mother and husband were more intimate and personal to her. This personal version she describes as simple English because it lacked vast standard vocabulary but to Tan herself, this variation was anything but fragmented. "...to me, my mother's English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It's my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, full of observation and imagery.""
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Social Inequality, 2005.
This paper is a philosophic analysis of social inequality.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper asks the question: Can social inequalities be justified if they are not in the interest of those who are worst off or what is good or right for all and not just some? The author points out that in a society, which has become overly utilitarian, the answer is it depends. The paper concludes that, using modern statistics, those who are worse off are just that, worse off and those who are better off would say that those who are worse off are really better off; however, when playing with the words like an ancient philosopher, the answers can fluctuate and therefore are not cut and dry.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Worse Off and Inequality
Jail
Assumption 1
Second Assumption
Third Assumption
Conclusion
From the Paper
"John Rawls pointed out in his work entitled Two Concepts of Rules that if a son or daughter of any parent were to inquire why a particular person was put in jail, the parent could respond by saying that so and so robbed a convenience store and that was why he went to jail. But Rawls draws the distinction that if the child was to ask a slightly different question about why society as a whole puts people in jail, the parent may answer with the line of reasoning that jails 'protect those who are good from those who are bad.' "To stop people from doing things that would make it uneasy for all of us; for otherwise we wouldn't be able to go to bed at night and sleep in peace.""
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