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The Qing Dynasty, 2006.
A discussion of the takeover and consolidation of China by the Qing Dynasty.
1,171 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the takeover of China by the Qing Dynasty and the many ways that this was accomplished. It focuses on the rule of Emperor Qianlong and what he achieved for the Qing Empire in terms of its territorial size, and therefore, its ability to protect itself from internal rebellion and foreign invasion.
From the Paper
"Emperor Qianlong's contributions to the expansion and consolidation of the Qing Empire were substantial, for he not only expanded his empire into Tibet and Xinjiang but also undermined the power of the Dzungar in Lhasa, a place where Chinese influence had been established by Qianlong's grandfather some fifty or so years earlier. One major step taken by Emperor Qianlong regarding Tibet was to install the Dalai Lama as the temporary ruler and declare a Chinese protectorate over the entire country. In 1793, as an indication of China's powerful role in the region, Emperor Qianlong decided that all future Dalai Lamas would be chosen by a lottery system which still exists today. "
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Westerners in China, 2006.
A discussion of the influence of Westerners in China from the 17th century.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the arrival of Westerners to the Far East from Europe in the 17th century. It focuses on the reasons for their arrival and the effect that Westerners had on Chinese religious and social traditions and customs. China's relationship to Great Britain at the time, is also discussed.
From the Paper
"For many years, the Jesuits held Western dominance in China, mostly because they were more tolerant and open to Chinese religious and social traditions and customs. But in the mid 17the century, the Vatican in Rome became aware of what was occurring in China under the influence of the Jesuits and soon intervened with a very strict doctrinal approach to teaching Christianity. The emperor of China, the Manchu K'ang Hsi, a rather enlightened ruler for 17th century China, went against the Vatican and declared that the Jesuits' teaching style was appropriate for his people as long as it accommodated Chinese tradition. However, by the first decades of the 18th century, the Chinese monarchy evicted all Christian missionaries except for those individuals who contributed scientifically to the country."
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English Only Legislation in America, 2006.
This paper explores whether English-only legislation is a viable option in America today.
1,107 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that English-only legislation in America does not recognize current national realities. Multi-lingualism is a fact in the United States, a result of a multi-ethnic population. This paper also explores why some minority groups are more reluctant to learn English, and the cultural implications of language. Finally, a comparison is made to previous generations of immigrants and their desire to integrate via the English language.
From the Paper
"However, the mainstream America of earlier times (and this is not just a linguistic problem) no longer exists. And identity and selfhood, which immigrants to America once strove, but do not always strive as much today, to make American through and through, run much deeper than just words one speaks, reads, writes, and understands. A real solution to the "English Only' dilemma (although probably equally impractical within America today) would be to discover ways, if any still exist, of recreating the burning incentive immigrants once felt to learn English quickly and well, in order to assimilate into mainstream American life. Perhaps, in today's fragmented, fractured (politically; socially; ideologically; and in terms of race and class, not just in terms of language) America, those incentives, for myriad reasons beyond the scope of this paper, have vanished. That, it seems, is the actual problem in America today. Multilingualism is just a symptom of that problem."
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African American Males and the Criminal Justice System, 2006.
An in-depth look at African-American males and the correlation between affective disorders, substance abuse and the criminal justice system.
3,560 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 28 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the rise in crime amongst the African-American male population and the variety of social problems, such as a history of abuse and psychological disorders, that may be fuelling this criminal behaviour. This paper also takes a look at the fact that many African-American males are being released from prison with drug addictions that did not exist prior to their incarceration.
Contents
Introduction/Statement Problem
Significance of Problem
Purpose Of Proposed Study
Preliminary Literature Review
Studies Supporting African American Male Criminal Activity
Mental Health, Substance Abuse and Aggressive Behavior
The Link Between Victimization and Psychopathology
Summary of Preliminary Research
Limitations
Sample Size
Delimitations
Implications
From the Paper
"There is however much evidence pointing to affective disorders and substance abuse problems within the African American male population, which may contribute to drug dependence and criminal activity (Widom & White, 1997; Wagner, Loyd & Gil, 2002; Zeitlin, 1999; Gil, et. al, 2004). Still other evidence points to drug use early in adolescence as contributing to criminal behavior, and that early drug use may be associated with other domestic, violence or abuse problems and mental health disorders even in youth (Vega & Gil, 1998; Turner & Lloyd, 1995; Tubman, Langer & Calderon, 2001).
Other evidence suggests patterns of dependence symptoms and alcohol abuse may be linked with depressive or other disorders in adolescents, which may progress into adulthood leading to criminal activity (Martin, Kaczynski, Maisto & Bukstein, 1995; Kessler, et. al, 1996; Kilpatrick, et. al, 2000)."
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Women in 20th Century Russia, 2006.
A look at the role of woman in Russia.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the abuse and suffering women in Russia endured during the 1900s. This paper also discusses how sexual harassment and domestic violence against women increased at an alarming rate while most turned a blind eye.
From the Paper
"Among a young wife's responsibility was producing a new generation (95). Until she had a surviving child, she was not considered a full member of the household. Women were expected to work throughout their entire pregnancy, only given two to five days after the baby was born. Their husbands usually demanded sex only a couple of weeks after delivery. The difficult deliveries, rapid return to sex and hard work in the fields soon after birth were very difficult on the women and often led to collapsed uterus (18) and other physical problems. This painful condition would be semi-cured by the midwife. Despite how difficult it was to have enough food, a woman became pregnant many times, in some cases up to the age of 50."
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Adolescent Childbearing in Africa, 2006.
A review of pregnancy, HIV and STDs in African adolescents.
1,682 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the adolescent sexual and reproductive behavior in Africa and the increasing incidents of HIV/AIDS and other STDs. It also discusses the suffering caused by childhood marriage and immediate post pubertal childbearing in females as young as 10 years of age.
Contents
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Behavior in Africa
Early Childbearing in Africa
Health Risks for Adolescents with Sexual Activity and Childbearing
Social and Economic Risks of Early Childbearing
What Can be Done?
From the Paper
"Contributing to both problems is the manner in which adolescent sexual activity in the region is changing. Aside from the fertility issue, Dijamba noted that most young women in Kinshasa, subject of a study by Dijamba, now engage in sporadic, nonsteady types of relationships, despite the fact that premarital chastity was still widely accepted as the norm, at least in Congo (Pillai & Barton, 1998). Dijamba noted that "exposure to mass media, formal education, delay in marriage, and other changes in social and economic environment may have reduced the role that traditional norms and values play on female socialization and union formation" (2003, p. 237+).
Dijamba affirmed the high rate of premarital sexual activity in developing counties is of concern because of the increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS and other STDs (sexually transmitted diseases). UNICEF (2002) provides the information that 5.2 million people acquire HIV each year, with more than half being young people between ages 15 and 25. In addition, a UNAIDS (2002) report noted that the situation is "more alarming in Africa, a continent that is home to 70% of the adults and 80% of the children living with HIV in the world today" (quoted by Kiragu and Zabin, 1998, p. 210+)."
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Globalization and the Extinction of Small Languages, 2006.
A discussion of the effects of globalization on the world's small language groups and their cultures.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines globalization as the most important reason why small languages are dying out. Some believe that small languages fade into oblivion because local communities and educators do not stress the significance of keeping these indigenous languages alive. The author argues that youth is the vehicle through which languages can be kept alive and transferred to the next generation. The author argues, however, that most young adults are not really interested in preserving local languages or culture. Due to vast exposure, they have come under the spell of stronger languages and culture which is the primary reason we fail to notice the beauty and richness of local languages.
From the Paper
"The writer goes to explain why any language, strong or weak, big or small, minor or major is important. "It is not merely a writer's conceit to think that the human world is made of words and to remember that no two words in all the world's languages are alike. Of all the arts and sciences made by man, none equals a language, for only a language in its living entirety can describe a unique and irreplaceable world." (p. 43) He describes an experience where he realized that indigenous languages are far more colorful and expressive than the well-known widely spoken ones. Shorris comes to see why the existence of small languages is important and realizes that the extinction of these languages would be a huge loss to articulation and expression. "
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Hindu Marriage, 2006.
An examination of the Hindu view of marriage as demonstrated through marriage customs and rituals.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Hindu outlook on marriage as reflected in the elaborate traditions and rituals surrounding the marriage ceremony. Hindu marriage is further described as both an important means to foster love for the entire extended family, and as a means of spiritual growth for the couple. The three main parts of the marriage ceremony are described, including the pre-ceremony, the ceremony proper, and the conclusion of the ceremony. The author contends that the elaborateness of the rituals serve as a reminder of the importance of the marriage both to their families and the couples' own spiritual lives for the remainder of their union.
From the Paper
"A Hindu marriage ceremony can be divided into three main parts: the pre-ceremony, the ceremony proper, and the conclusion of the ceremony. The pre-ceremony includes a reception that is held by the bride's parents for the groom and his parents at the entrance of the marriage hall. After this first reception, the bride's father meets the groom on the stage, and gives several presents to the couple. The daughter is then given away by the bride's parents (Hinduism.co.za). Pre-marriage ceremonies can also include Pair Pana (where sweets and gold coins are exchanged), and Milni (where sweets, ornaments and token money are exchanged) (Mypurohith). The bride's feet and palms are decorated with Mahendi before the ceremony (Vivaaha.org)."
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African-American Housing Discrimination, 2006.
A thesis on Maryland's problem with African-American housing discrimination.
6,175 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 52 sources, MLA, $ 145.95
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Abstract
This thesis examines the reasons why blacks live in housing inferior to their white counterparts in the state of Maryland. The paper starts by giving a historical legal analysis, covering discrimination in housing from the late 1800s to today. The paper then discusses the numerous methods used to discriminate against African-Americans. The author looks at issues such as restrictive covenants, residential segregation ordinances, red lining and other real estate practices and the various forms of intimidation. The author looks at the impact of federal laws, and discusses the fact that the laws enacted by the U.S. government are not enough to rectify the housing situation of African-Americans living in Maryland.
From the Paper
"Corresponding to whites, blacks are more prone to have a lesser rate of home possession and to reside overfull, older, segregated, meager quality housing in essential cities of Maryland. So as to locate homes comparable to those of whites, blacks have got to recompense more and need to prevail over obstacles of either restrained or direct forms of racial prejudice. Statistics show that even today, in the State of Maryland, access to passable housing takes place along a color scale. Asians, for instance, have enhanced access to passable housing than other racial minorities, after that Hispanics and thereafter, American Indians. Blacks, generally, have not as much access to passable housing than other racial minorities in America, and black female-headed households have the least amount of access amongst all the minority groups."
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Bilingual and Bi-Cultural Students, 2005.
This paper reviews current policies and practices to educate bilingual and bi-cultural students.
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that only through interaction and collaboration among students, teachers, parents and community members will bi-cultural and bilingual students develop an identity and realize their true potential; therefore, schools that neglect to infuse curricula and educational environment with interactive and collaborative policies fail students and society. The author points out that the current number of bilingual programs available in the United Students serve a very small percentage of the actual number of bilingual students in need and these programs. The paper stresses that teachers must understand that a culturally diverse student base means that not all students have the same reference point when learning in the classroom because what is intuitive to one student may seem foreign to another depending on their cultural heritage.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Understanding Bilingual Education and ESL
Cognitive and Linguistic Development in Bi-cultural Students
Structuring Bilingual and ESL Classrooms to Enable Student Achievement
Cultural Conflict Students Face in Schools
Analysis
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The manner in which adults and children interact are also different among various cultures. In most traditional U.S. classrooms for example, most teachers repeatedly ask questions of students to evaluate their achievement. This process may confuse bicultural students who grow up in a culture where adults only ask children questions when they don't know an answer themselves; students in this situation may not understand why a teacher would ask a question if they already had the answer causing a disruption in learning.Text organization also varies among cultures."
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"A Lesson Before Dying" by Ernest J. Gaines, 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes the 1993 novel "A Lesson Before Dying" written by African-American author Ernest J. Gaines.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and details the plot while focusing on the main characters of Jefferson and Grant in Gaines' novel. The writer of this paper contends and explains why this particular novel, which deals with racism, injustice and the pain of life and death, should be required reading in schools across America. This paper examines the judicial system in 1940s America particularly as seen through the eyes of a falsely convicted African-American man. This paper explores the close bond between Jefferson and Grant as well as the author's underlying themes of injustice and prejudice as they relate to the rights of African-Americans in the early 20th century. The writer also discusses Gaines' clear message pertaining to the value of each and every human being, regardless of race.
From the Paper
"Another important aspect of this novel is the certainty of death. Everyone faces it - it is how he or she faces it that makes the difference. Gaines writes, "I don't know when I'm going to die, Jefferson. Maybe tomorrow, maybe next week, maybe today. That's why I try to live as well as I can every day and not hurt people." Jefferson faces his death with dignity, which he learns in part from his interact with Grant. Critic Beavers notes, "Though Jefferson's death is certain, Grant's task -- which becomes Jefferson's legacy -- is to impart some of himself, to demonstrate to Jefferson a way to improvise upon a negative situation till he discovers dignity and purpose" (Beavers 31). Each man learns something valuable from the other, and that is another major point of the novel. Gaines is showing the reader they can learn from anyone, no matter how "insignificant" they may seem. Everyone has a lesson and everyone can be a pupil, no matter who they are or what they do in life."
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Multiculturalism in the Classroom, 2006.
This paper focuses on the significance of including and implementing culturally diverse lesson plans in America's public school system in which the central aim is to promote an understanding and tolerance for cultures and societies that are different.
973 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper analyzes the changing demographics in American schools today. The writer contends and proves by way of published studies and reports that by the year 2020 approximately 46% of students in public schools will be minorities. This paper, written from the writer's personal point of view, examines the importance of training and equipping teachers with the tools necessary to meet the needs of culturally diverse students. This paper details the various strategies and methods currently available when creating and implementing multi-cultural lesson plans. The writer of this paper stresses the importance of empowering students to be aware of non-traditional cultures and societies which may seem unfamiliar to them. This paper explores the many advantages in teaching about culturally diverse issues. The writer also details the style in which the Mexican holiday of Cinco de Mayo was introduced in a classroom setting and the resulting impact on the students.
From the Paper
"All the students can benefit from a multicultural lesson. It is good for traditional students to understand that other cultures, different from their own, not only exist but add richness to the fabric of society. This could be explained to the students, in fact, by bringing in a piece of hand woven fabric--preferably multicolored--as a semi-concrete metaphor for society. We could talk about the different colors and how they contribute to the beauty of the whole. Mexican weaving would be particularly appropriate! Furthermore, the world is globalizing. Globalism, which started as a trend, has become a fact of life in today's world of business and will continue to develop more in the future. The world is quickly growing smaller, with travel and communication more commonplace. There is a good chance some of the students will travel to Mexico someday, and it will help if they know a little about it before they arrive. A lesson of this kind will encourage them to continue learning about Mexico in the future."
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The Gaza Strip, 2006.
This paper analyzes the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict while focusing primarily on the issue of who is rightfully entitled to the parcel of land known as the Gaza Strip.
1,809 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper details the history of both the Palestinian and the Israeli nations and their ongoing battle for land ownership, which dates back to the Christian era and the reign of King Herod of Nazareth. This paper examines the various reasons behind the years of unrest between Israel and its Arab neighbors. This paper discusses the events that led to the 2005 Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. The writer of this paper discusses the current situation in Israel amidst the constant unrest between its own citizens and the Palestinians. This paper touches on both the Palestinian and Israeli political parties presently leading both nations while supplying an abundance of historical facts and dates relevant to this particular topic. This paper also analyzes the views and opinions of several Middle East experts regarding a possible long-lasting and real peace between the Palestinians and the Israelis.
From the Paper
"A number of suggestions have been made on how to turn the tide and move forward on a positive note. Rabbi Michael Lerner, co-founder and editor of "Tikkun Magazine" and co-chair of the Tikkun Community, an international organization committed to reconciliation, sees the Geneva Accord as a ray of hope. Yet the implementation cannot follow models of the past where the emphasis was placed on politics rather than "a real contribution to healing our planet" (127). He notes that peace is a spiritual process that requires not only formal agreements but a change in consciousness where human beings see themselves as fundamentally interconnected. Such an approach is critical for Jews, Christians and Muslims to understand, since religious beliefs and cultural identities have long divided them."
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Vietnamese-Americans: Neither American nor Vietnamese, 2006.
This in-depth paper analyzes the numerous challenges and difficulties that awaited the Vietnamese people who immigrated to America in post-war years.
3,290 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 28 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
The writer of this well-researched paper details and describes what it means to be both Vietnamese and American in the U.S. today. This paper provides relevant literary reviews as well as the results of three interviews with Vietnamese-American immigrants. This paper analyzes the numerous cultural and ethnic difficulties currently facing the Asian community in America. The writer discusses the events that led to the hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese immigrants and refugees who entered the U.S. in 1975. The writer focuses on the various issues and conflicts that are now being grappled with by second generation Asian-Americans which are both varied and complicated. This paper also contains a detailed timeline illustrating key historic events pertaining to the Vietnamese immigration to America.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Works Consulted
From the Paper
"In traditional rural settings in their own country, Vietnamese women also experienced less economic power than their male counterparts; however, women were vitally involved in the task of rice cultivation, from which most Vietnamese earn a livelihood. The Vietnamese adage, "Men plow, women transplant, the buffalo pulls the harvest" reflects the traditional gender division of labor in the process of rice cultivation. According to Kibria, "Women not only played an important part in rice cultivation but also did most of the household work. Women were responsible for childcare and housework and for taking care of household gardens and livestock." Nevertheless, in spite of their important roles in a wide range of economic activities, women's economic participation continues to be regarded as being secondary and peripheral to that of men, who are considered to be the primary breadwinners in rural Vietnamese society."
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Islam in America, 2005.
This paper discusses characteristics of the Islamic religion and some of its leaders and movements in the U.S.
1,795 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Islam draws no difference between religious and secular life; thus, sharia includes not only holy rites but also many features of everyday life. The author describes Noble Drew Ali, born Timothy Drew in North Carolina in 1886, who founded the Moorish Science Temple of America, one group of which had the leadership from Elijah Muhammadhb and became the Nation of Islam. The paper relates that, in the present day, the Tablighi Jama'at is the major Islamic movement in relation to both the number of campaigners and geographical spread and plays a major part in publicizing Islamic consciousness and awareness at the ground level.
Table of Contents
Shari'ah
Umma
Noble Drew Ali
Warith al-Din Muhammad
Kunta Kinte
Tablighis Movement
Elijah Muhammad
From the Paper
"Elijah Muhammad from 1897-1975 was the head of the Nation of Islam also known as Black Muslims during their time of maximum growth in the mid-20th century. Elijah Mohammad was born on October 7, 1897 near Sandersville in Georgia. His parents were also slaves who worked on cotton plantation as sharecroppers and his father was also a considered as a Baptist preacher. As a child Elijah worked in the fields and on the railroad, but he left home at age 16 to tour and work at unusual jobs. He settled down in Detroit in the year 1923 and was working on a Chevrolet assembly line. Later in Chicago, away from aggressive Muslim factions in Detroit, Muhammad formed what quickly became the most significant center of the movement."
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