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How Hennessy Creates Desire, 2008.
This paper looks at Hennessy's urban advertising campaign and discusses how the company creates desire among consumers.
1,028 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Hennessy currently targets young African-American men. The writer points out that a smaller aspect of the campaign is targeted at young African-American women. In both cases, the target audience is urban and professional. The writer maintains that the lynch pins of this campaign are the successful hip-hop performers who have taken a liking to cognac. This essay examines the means by which Hennessy has created a desire for their products among young, urban, African-American professionals.
From the Paper
"This being the case, the campaign's style has kept close to what is already seen among the self-made performers: photo spreads of carefully groomed, well-heeled African-American men. The pictures are distinctly glamorous, sometimes even iconic, yet always masculine, as whisky is a traditionally male drink and hip-hop is a male-dominated form of music. The masculinity of the photos is always balanced with requisite elegance.
"This is because the hip-hop artists who have been popularizing Hennessy's products have become more and more interested in elegance since they hit the big time. Compare Snoop Dogg's original gangster/jock look from the time his became mainstream viewing."
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Stephen Douglas and Popular Sovereignty, 2008.
A discussion of 1850s politician, Stephen Douglas, and the doctrine of popular sovereignty.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political history and views of Stephen Douglas, among the leading politicians in the nation in the 1850s. The paper points out that, aspiring to the presidency, Douglas had to confront the question of the legality of slavery in the territories. Responding to this issue, Douglas advocated popular sovereignty, letting the voters in each territory decide the question. The paper states that, while the concept seemed simple, the doctrine collapsed in the face of myriad complications, and as it collapsed, Douglas and his presidential hopes faded. The paper concludes that popular sovereignty was theoretically a sound means of allowing territorial populations to organize themselves as either slave or free, but it failed as a political idea because it could not satisfy the demands of the various factions in the dire years leading to the Civil War.
From the Paper
"The second blow to Douglas came with the submission of the first state constitution ostensibly reflecting popular sovereignty. A constitutional convention at Lecompton, Kansas, wrote a constitution that was put before Kansas voters. The voters were given an alternative: to vote for a constitution which permitted current residents of Kansas to keep slaves they had brought into the territory, or to vote for a provision which opened the state to unlimited importation to slaves. Voters could not for a state constitution which prohibited slavery. Anti-slavery voters boycotted this referendum, so that the constitution sent to Washington allowed the free importation of slaves into Kansas."
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Confederate Flag Controversy, 2008.
A discussion regarding free speech and the controversial symbol of the Confederate flag.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of the display of the Confederate flag, an intermittent source of debate in the US for many years. The paper takes a particular look at one case in the late 1990s when controversy over the display of the flag on top of the South Carolina State House in Columbia led to a nationwide boycott instigated by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) against the state. The paper then makes the argument that individuals ought to be allowed to wear or display symbols containing the Confederate flag motif as a simple matter of their free speech rights, both on and off school campuses, or in any other venue.
From the Paper
"In 2006, the Southern Legal Resource Center, a nonprofit civil rights group, filed suit to permit several students at a high school in Knoxville, Tennessee to wear Confederate flag images on clothing. Racial tensions at the school nearly resulted in violent altercations at one point, resulting in a temporary lockdown. The students involved in the suit complained that black students were permitted to wear images of Malcolm X and related symbols without undergoing the same restrictions as the white students, thus raising the familiar argument of the double standard (Watson.) The Southern Legal Resource Center, which focuses on such cases, is also involved in a similar case in Texas, where several students at a high school near Dallas sued for the right to carry purses with the Confederate flag symbol on them, after they had been banned by administration officials. It seem clear that the dispute between administration policies and student rights is a heated one, and has implications beyond that of one particular symbol which some may find offensive. If students are in fact to be prepared for assuming the full rights and responsibilities of adulthood, as has often been argued, it seems reasonable to respect their rights on such a seemingly trivial matter."
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Critical Race Theory and Foster Care in America, 2008.
A look at the critical race theory in relation to the American foster care system.
3,161 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the "critical race theory" (CRT) and how it can be applied to the foster care system and the glaring racial differences between the experiences of citizens who are Caucasian vs. people of color. The author provides a detailed account of the USA foster care system and concludes that if Bell's convergence theory is accurate then it must be demonstrated that better foster care for all children is in society's best interest as it will reduce crime, welfare, education and other societal costs.
Outline:
Critical Race Theory
United States Foster Care System In 21st Century
Action Oriented Research
Critical Race Theory and the Foster Care System
Some Current Foster Care Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Derrick Bell not only presents a new view on American racism in CRT, he also has led a new method for describing this experience. Where historians generally speak in broad terms, Bell often uses narratives to tell a story. He and other CRT proponents use individual vignettes to illustrate their points. In one story Bell describes a future where aliens land and promise to solve all of America's financial problems if we will give them all of our Negroes. Since Blacks arrived as slaves, he uses his story to launch into a question of whether or not society would allow Blacks to be taken the same way they came. He concludes that most Americans would allow this, basing his opinion on past practices of America, from the rationalization of slavery on economic terms, to destruction of the Native American to Japanese internment during WW II (Bell, 2000, pp. 2-8).
"Bell's point is that racism is endemic to U.S. History and that we need to recognize that fact. Bell begins by noting that wealth in the United States is disproportionately held by a small group of mostly White individuals. Current news stories illustrate an even greater disparity in wealth than what Bell reports (that the poorest 2/5ths of our population received only 15.4% of the national family income while the top 1/5th received 43.7%. Bell claims that such disparity threatens to wipe out any legal equality gained over the past half-century (Bell, 2000, pp. 2-6)."
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"Neither Black Nor White", 2008.
An analysis of the issue of family in a racial context within "Neither Black Nor White: The Saga of an American Family" by Joseph E. Holloway.
826 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the book "Neither Black Nor White: The Saga of an American Family" by Joseph E. Holloway and looks at how the racial
intermixing of familial relationships is a crucial aspect of lineage studies in the book.
From the Paper
"Holloway describes the lineage of John Hadnot of Gloucester, England in the 16th century and the resulting migration of the family to America in 18th century. The story of William Hadnot is the central apparatus of the story of the Hadnot family, as they are slave owners that now live in New Orleans. One crucial aspect of the novel is the issue of mixed race families. Although Hadnot is a prominent slave owner, he is essentially related to the slaves that work for him on the land. This type of proof comes from the determination of William to see the value of the work done by the slaves, which are essentially his own family members."
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James Baldwin and Racial Segregation, 2008.
This paper examines the phenomenon of racial segregation in the essay "Notes of a Native Son" by James Baldwin
1,623 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This study analyzes the premise of racial segregation through the familial, educational, and social background found within James Baldwin's essay "Notes of a Native Son." Baldwin's father is an example of the racial construct of family that drives Baldwin's desire to find a better life as a writer. The writer notes that, in many instances, Baldwin presents a rhetorical narrative that defines the victimization of his race through his father, which is paramount to proving that segregation is a real phenomenon in American society. In essence, the writer concludes that the basis of a familial, educational and social background reveals the tenets of racial segregation that was a major part of Baldwin's life as an African-American writer.
From the Paper
"Another aspect of Baldwin's essay relates to the problem of social upheaval that occurred and how it affected his family. Not only was his father deeply cynical of whites and their role of aggression towards African Americans, but there was also the symbolic threat of rioting that had occurred when his father had died. In many Ways, Baldwin feels a parallel social influence on his family that made an impression on his mind. The riot that were taking place in Harlem acted in tandem with Baldwin's father's death, thereby activating a sense of purpose in his life. He certainly saw a cause in combating racial segregation because of the damage it caused to his society. This is the sympathetic relationship that he viewed in his father, but was part of the ongoing build up of violence during the Civil Rights era .."
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Marcus Garvey, 2008.
A biography of Marcus Garvey's life and contributions to Blacks in the late 19th and early 20th century.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an examination of Marcus Garvey's life, with a specific focus on his philosophies. The paper illustrates the important and significant contributions he made to the history of race relations in the United States and the world. The paper describes his unsuccessful efforts to create self-sufficient Black communities but relates that Garvey's legacy has endured in the works and actions of the political and social leaders after him.
From the Paper
"Though he has fallen out of the public consciousness, Marcus Garvey's contributions to the history of the United States and the world is as significant as any prominent racially motivated leader like Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, or Booker T. Washington. Perhaps his focus on racial segregation and independence is not as politically correct as calls for desegregation and social integration, but his efforts to improve the lot of Blacks in the late 19th and early 20th century cannot be understated."
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Self-Image Maintenance and Prejudice, 2008.
This paper explores the extent to which a strong self-image encourages resistance to prejudice.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the literature on prejudice and self-image in order to determine how comprehensive the protection given by a strong self-image can be in respect to prejudice. The paper discusses how self-esteem and self-image are separate constructs and examines racism and gender in relation to self-image. The paper also discusses how it is highly probable that a target of prejudice with a strong self-image will be less likely to suffer psychological or emotional harm from prejudice, but he may still feel the effects of prejudice. The paper concludes that it is necessary to engage in further study in which a narrow focus is used to identify the impact of prejudice on a specific population, such as either gender or race.
Outline:
Introduction
Self-Esteem and Self-Image
Racism and Self-Image
Gender and Self-Image
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The study of prejudice and its impact on the individual has been well-documented in the literature. It is recognized that prejudice is both expressed and responded to in multiple forms, suggesting that it is feasibly impossible to prepare for all social interactions in which prejudice is exhibited (Owens, Stryker, & Goodman, 2001; Kernis, 2006). This in turn indicates that the person who is targeted by a display of prejudice is likely to be affected by it, and that the impact that prejudice has upon the person depends upon the type of prejudice displayed and the character of the person who has been targeted by it."
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Feminist Elements in Literature: A Comparison, 2008.
An analysis of the feminism in "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker and "Beloved" by Toni Morrison.
1,229 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the feminist elements within "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker and "Beloved" by Toni Morrison. The paper addresses the issues of female victimization, gender roles and feminist liberation. The paper shows how the crucial elements of feminism depict a greater sense of female identity in African-American literature.
From the Paper
"Alice Walker reveals issue of feminist victimization through her characterization in The Color Purple. The evolution of mostly male perceptions of life through racism was the norm until women writers began to change this focus in African American literary forums. Nellie often takes on the part of victim to male aggression, since she has been raped repeatedly by her owner, and the other abusive males in her life. Walker's portrayal of Nellie is very similar to the way and manner in which Morrison depicts her female roles in Beloved, such Sethe. However, the major difference between these two women is the way that slavery has affected them, and how they had let it affect their lives."
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Cultural Generalizations, 2008.
This paper discusses the prejudice and ethnocentricity of cultural generalizations through nationality and race issues.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the prejudice and ethnocentricity in America that is due to the problem of cultural generalizations on race and nationality. The paper explains that these generalizations prove dangerous and prejudiced, especially within the example of race construct, causing much harm and damage to minority communities. The paper shows how the premise for generalized bias or prejudice toward various cultures is a very real phenomenon.
From the Paper
"The basis of nationality is the first premise of societal barriers that create a naturally competitive boundary that separates people from each other. The cultural differences of national depend on certain variables such as speech, religion, and lifestyles often act as catalysts for creating prejudice and ethnocentric values. For instance, the idea that if one community should practice a different sect of Christianity in Mexico; while another community over the border in America should follow another sect, these two barriers can verifiably be part of a problem of national lines of demarcation. Although both sects may be Christian culturally, they are clearly being separated by a national border that does not necessarily recognize that validity of the other, competing culture."
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"Huckleberry Finn", 2008.
An analysis of Huck's journey by the river in "Huckleberry Finn" by Mark Twain.
2,721 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, in "Huckleberry Finn" by Mark Twain, the river in the story serves as a narrative thread, a recurrent setting, and a link between the beginning and end. The paper notes the fact that the river referred to is the Mississippi and demonstrates how the river becomes a singular experience for Huck. The paper describes this experience as one that takes the innocent Huck on a journey of growing awareness about the corruption of man and the contrast between the good and evil of life.
From the Paper
"Huck from the beginning is a character who follows his own mind and who values the ability to do things rather than to know the book-learning prized by society. Huck does not learn the sort of thing found in books even when the Widow Douglas sends him to school. Twain in fact uses this novel as a way of making fun of a certain genre of books, the sort of high adventures that fascinate Tom Sawyer and that are very different from the real world in which Tom and Huck live. For Twain, American experiential learning is more valuable than European formal education, and this contrast is a key element in the novel."
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"The Pursuit of Happiness", 2008.
A review of the film "The Pursuit of Happiness," directed by Gabriele Muccino.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper critically reviews the film "The Pursuit of Happiness," which is about an African-American man who attains success after enduring poverty and even homelessness. The paper highlights the stereotypical, negative portrayals of race in this movie and shows how the main ideological message of the film is that success equals money, which is the 'American dream' that claims to ultimately bring happiness.
From the Paper
"Pursuit of Happiness is about a lower middle-class African-American man and his family. During an economic recession the family falls on hard times, having spent on their savings in the man's sales business. He sells medical equipment and things are not going so well. His wife works double shifts, he owes taxes to the government and has a bunch of unpaid parking tickets. Their son goes to a private, probably illegal, cheap daycare. One day he sees a man coming out of a red sports car. Impressed with the car and the man he asks him what he does for a living a finds out that the man is a stockbroker. He decides then and there that he too wants to be a stockbroker."
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Racial Segregation, 2008.
An analysis of the theories behind the trends of racial segregation in Washington DC.
2,728 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses the census data of Washington in order to reveal significant points and trends and more especially incongruities or oddities. It discusses theories regarding racial segregation and discusses the relationship between capitalism and the class aspect of racial segregation. The paper argues that current trends in Washington and similar trends in cities such as Atlanta appear to have their source in the escalating process of globalization.
Outline:
Introduction
Census Data Analysis
Overview of Segregation
Immigrants and Residential Patterns
The Impact of the Post-Industrial Economy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of racial enclosure policies was demonstrated in Washington in 1947 when more than 97 percent of blacks were found in the District (Manning, 1998). Segregation escalated until the 1970s with whites moving away from the District as blacks continued to move in. This racial shift whereby by 1970 nine times the number of blacks were situated in the District as in suburban Washington is explained by urban apartheid (Manning, 1998). From this very sudden change in racial composition there developed a second sudden change in demographics between the District and the suburbs since the population of the suburbs eventually was comprised of 85 percent of former residents of the District (Manning, 1998). The same pattern was observed with the development of satellite cities far away from the center of Atlanta. The white population then left the inner city, and African Americans became the majority within it (Miller, 2002)."
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African Cultural Retention, 2008.
This paper argues that African cultures were retained in the US and that African cultures did and continue to impact the dominant U.S. culture.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that it is inaccurate to assume that there are no discernible African cultures left in the USA and that, because of the relatively small numbers of slaves bought to such a large country, all traces of African cultures were destroyed. The author points out that enslaved Africans from the same areas tended to be geographically situated together in the U.S. so that they were able to retain aspects of their individual cultures. The paper relates that Sheila Walker takes issue with the notion that European settlers "built" the U.S. and then imported some African slaves to perform manual labor for them. The paper underscores that she believes that the slaves bought to the U.S. were not ignorant, unskilled laborers but rather slave traders deliberately sought out people with skills, which the U.S. needed to help build the country.
Table of Contents:
False Assumptions
The Arguments of Sheila Walker
From the Paper
"She also points out that Africans must have made a major contribution to American society, history and culture, given that they comprised the numerical majority for the duration of the modern history of the Americas, until 1820. For example, out of those coming to the USA in 1820, 3 out of 4 new arrivals were African, not European. With this kind of demographic weight, it follows that the contributions of African minds and cultural presence had to be an important ingredient in the very creation of the Americas. Walker also points out that Howard Dodson backs her up on this theory and that he believes that the transatlantic slave trade played a central, defining role in the making of the modern world."
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Race and Ethnicity, 2008.
This paper addresses the assumptions concerning race and ethnicity in two travelogues; "Touch the Dragon-a Thai Journal" by Karen Connolly and "The European Tribe" by Caryl Phillips.
3,473 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two different travelogues: Karen Connolly's "Touch the Dragon-a Thai journal" and Caryl Phillips' "The European Tribe". The paper discusses how both authors have different kinds of self-consciousness rooted in their own racial and ethnic differences vis-a-vis the societies they visit. The paper looks at how they are regarded in these societies as well as their own impressions of unfamiliar peoples and cultures.
Outline:
Introduction
Karen Connelly - Falang
Caryl Phillips - on Being a Black Briton
Connelly - Impressions of Thai Culture
Phillips - Impressions of the European Tribe
Race and Ethnicity
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"From the beginning of her stay in Thailand in 1986, Connolly is warned that people will call her falang in the street, till they know her name, that she will be the only 'white' person in the town to which she is traveling and thus, will be popular. (p.3) As a novelty or perhaps due to Thai familiarity with occasional Western backpackers, she can expect to be the subject of some interest. She grows used to people staring, a group of children coming to visit on her first morning in the town just to have a look. (p.7) Connolly notes as others arrive and enjoy seeing her photographs of Canada and her family that she feels "like a new acquisition in a famous zoo." (p.7) It is up to the head of the English department of the school that Connolly attends to tell her the basics of Thai custom in which Connolly appears to have taken little interest when preparing to go abroad."
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