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Phallic Presence in Contemporary Advertising, 2005.
Examines how the male sexual organs are used in modern advertising.
2,459 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the depiction of the male penis in advertisements. It addresses issues related to the ways in which the penis functions as a symbol of various types or attributes of masculinity. It also identifies a number of advertisements in which images of the penis can be found. The paper includes several photographs showing examples of the advertisements.
From the Paper
"Susan Bordo makes the point that there are many varied images of the phallus or the penis, ranging from ?the playful, ironic sensibilities? found in gay male culture to the mythic penis which is a cultural ?symbol of masculinity? and the ?actual penises of flesh and blood.? Regardless of how the image of the phallus is positioned or presented, it is quite clear that phallic symbols in advertising are extremely common."
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Women?s Magazines, 2004.
A look at the dieting and advertising trends in women's magazines from 1980 to the present.
1,573 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a study to analyze the frequency of diet ads in two popular women?s magazines, "Good Housekeeping" and "Seventeen". It looks at how an archival study was done to record the number of all diet ads and/or articles in the two selected magazines over a time span from 1980 to 2003. It concludes that the results indicated that there was not any significant difference between the number of diet ads between the two selected magazines and also did not support a significant relationship between the number of diet ads and the decades.
Outline
Abstract
Method
Results
Discussion
References
From the Paper
"The projection of the desirable woman, particularly in North America, in mass media is an unrealistic, and for many women, unattainable body type (Harrison, 2003; Koff, & Benavage, 1998). Since the post-war era, there has been a significant increase in eating disorders (Harrison, 2003; Koff, & Benavage, 1998; Polivy & Herman 2004). Large or overweight women are generally stigmatized in respect to how sexually attractive they are, and in courtship (Wiederman, 2000)."
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For Your Own Good, 2004.
A comparative analysis of the propaganda used in World War II and the War on Drugs.
3,036 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how it has always been a primary role of governments to spread information within their borders and how, as the ruling elite, they have always gathered and distributed what the simpletons they direct either want or ought to know. The United States, like many other countries, - if not all - is notorious for using this tactic. In particular, it looks at how the second world war was a huge project and how more recently the War on Drugs has escalated into another major propaganda mission. It examines the administrative, psychological and financial methods used in both operations and shows that not much has been changed in the propaganda playbook over the past 60 years.
From the Paper
"The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy fulfills a similar role. The ONDCP was started in 1986 with media time donated to the cause, but in 1997 Congress passed a bill setting aside $200 million a year for five years intended for ad time on the country?s five major networks spouting their anti-drug prophecy. The idea was to set up a half-price deal where the government would barter down the cost of an ad to 50 per cent of what any other company would have to pay by buying time and expecting two ads for the price of one. Warner Brothers, NBC, ABC, CBS, and FOX all laughed in Uncle Sam?s face at such an idea (Forbes, Jan. 13, 2000, online)."
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Abercrombie & Fitch: "Magalog" Controversy, 2004.
From drunk driving references to teenage nudity and sexual references, a look at the advertising controversy that made everyone's jaws drop.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a look at the catalog controversy of Abercrombie and Fitch sporting company. The first offensive catalog was said to make drunk driving and underage drinking acceptable. The next few catalogs became 'raunchier', with over 45 nude images in the first 120 pages. The paper examines the controversy surrounding the catalog and the company's response.
From the Paper
"In the event that Abercrombie had not done away with the racy quarterly, there could have been a few options they could have considered before publication. First, is the nudity needed? They are, after all a clothing company. Why buy clothes if you are not going to wear them? A&F?s mission states that ?not only do we sell clothes, but we promote a lifestyle,? (www.abercrombie.com) Not many people would call group sex and nonstop nudity a ?lifestyle?. There could still be very tasteful sexy photos with partial nudity. Less nudity would definitely bring less controversy."
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Sony Company and High-Definition Television, 2005.
A look at the Sony Company and its involvement in the development, promotion, and marketing of high-definition television (HDTV).
4,198 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a brief look at the history of the Sony Company and then moves on to a description of high-definition television and Sony's early involvement in the technology. The paper then describes Sony's targeted market for HDTV sets as well as its product, pricing, and manufacturing strategies. The paper also outlines Sony's promotional and marketing strategies for HDTV and presents the author's view of the technology and suggestions for pricing strategies.
From the Paper
"Sony is a company with an established name and a great deal of brand recognition worldwide, and although it started as a small Japanese telecommunications company in Tokyo, it quickly presented itself to the world as a technological innovator capable of producing many consumer-friendly firsts such as the transistor radio, the walkman, and the camcorder. Lately, Sony has been involved in the development and manufacture of HDTV (high-definition television) systems to an increasingly interested world market. These television systems potentially support more than twice the sound and picture
quality of a normal television set, which particularly affects wide-screen formats. Sony has been involved in presenting the sets since the early nineties, and has followed industry trends and precedents successfully set by home satellite companies in target-marketing middle-class and upper-middle-class males who enjoy watching sports programs and want to be on the cutting edge of developing technology."
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Culture and Global Marketing, 2005.
Discusses, with examples, the impact of culture on global marketing.
3,485 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
As the forces of globalization create a movement towards product standardization, cultural issues seem to continuously emerge. Several authors and researchers such as Hofstede, Hall and Trompenaar, whose main theories are explained in the paper, try to respond to these issues. However, large multinational enterprises (MNEs) seem to always fall into the trap and disregard concepts such as differentiation, localities, and adaptation. This essay identifies the impact of culture on global marketing by investigating the existing theories with the aid of examples of large-scale marketing decisions.
Table of Contents:
1.0 Origins of Culture and Impacts in Global Marketing
1.1 Political and Economic Forces
1.2 Technology
1.3 Geography
1.4 Social Institutions
2.0 Hofstede's Framework for Understanding Cultures
2.1 Individualism vs. Collectivism
2.2 Power Distance
2.3 Uncertainty Avoidance
2.4 Masculinity vs. Femininity
2.5 Long Term vs. Short Term Focus (Orientation)
3.0 Critical Evaluation of Hofstede's Framework
4.0 High/Low Context Cultures
5.0 Cross Cultural Negotiations and Communication
6.0 Environmental Sensitivity: Globalization, Localization and Adaptation in Marketing
7.0 Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Although important, the work of Hofstede can be- and has been- criticized in many ways. There are many weaknesses in his theory with the most important being the lack of subjectivity. The number of countries selected, as well as the number of people and the conditions under which they were interviewed, did not constitute a qualified sample for drawing sound conclusions, but merely gave a ?snap shot? of how some cultures could behave. Likewise, while the framework successfully categorizes the different sets of cultural values, it fails to explain which of these is the most influential for the formulation of culture. In many instances the framework seems quite vague."
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Public Relations, 2004.
Examining the way public relations can save a company at a time of crisis.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Crises can strike a company at any time. Any company is vulnerable to crisis, and it usually occurs when it is least expected. Companies such as Johnson & Johnson, Jack and the Box, Odwalla, and Exxon, have all experienced crises. Managing the crisis without using skilled public relations personnel can ruin a company. This paper discusses public relations (PR) in action and describes examples of effective and ineffective public relations.
From the Paper
"In order to put PR into action, companies must first conduct PR research. According to Seitel, companies must acquire enough accurate data about its publics, products, and programs. This gathering of data is essential in understanding what the problem is; how it relates to the company?s message; how it relates to its programs; and also how it relates to its media plan. Applying this research is the most important aspect. ?Knowing when to do what, with whom, and for what purpose? is the basic foundation of implementing a PR plan. PR plans in action, when researched and strategized properly, are the difference between a positive or negative outcome on a crisis."
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Gender and Body Image, 2004.
Argues that the images of perfection that are disseminated by society are generally stereotypical images that reinforce gender roles of dominance and submission.
3,642 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
The way in which society defines the structures and strictures of gender has developed in the last century into a field in which there is an abundance of textual dissertation concerning gender, identity, body image, and other issuances of definitional standards that often defy the status quo and change the way in which we think about what it is to be a man or woman. The paper shows that these essential qualities that define gender are harder to determine the more we explore the boundaries that have been set up, in many cases, as no more than cultural myths that represent the continuance of a socio-economic class system. One of these myths is the idea of the mythical body image, or the ideal physiological representation of a society in which gender lines are clearly defined in terms of male and female. This paper explores the idea of this image in terms of its contrivance, ramifications, social constructionism, and its support of gender stereotypes to provide an understanding of how our culture defines male and female images of perfection.
From the Paper
"Myths traditionally focus on the superhuman or divine while providing a model of behavior for their consumer, who is more often than not encouraged by them to accept a sort of socio-economic status quo, along with a sense of diversion and the illusion that in escaping reality, the person buying into the myth is escaping the status-quo of an
economically oriented social class system. This particular diversion is carried on through time and changed, if slightly, by successive generations as the gradations of society change with time (although the continuance of myth is often retrogressive concerning the continuance of the society). Although the theme may only change slightly, the
presentation of a new myth within this traditional trope suggests other changes that are more important."
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Consumer Advertising in the 1920s, 2003.
An analysis of the lifestyles, economy, social norms, technologies, and communications reflected in the advertising of the 1920s in America.
2,338 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the available advertising media of the 1920s in America. It looks at the typical goods and styles advertised during this time and evaluates how such ads reflected the larger issues of the 1920s. An analysis of the lifestyles, economy, social norms, technologies, and communications reflected in the ads from this era is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"While the graphic images presented in advertising in the 1920s were dominant, there were always messages underneath them that promoted the goods and services. According to O?Barr, this secondary discourse depicts some of our culture's most pervasive ideas about other people and the circumstances of their lives. ?These images help construct for their intended audience ideas about those who are defined as outside that audience. In addition to the images of other people and their cultures that appear in advertisements for travel to other countries, a remarkable number appear in situations where the imagery of other cultures is borrowed to make selling pitches for products quite unrelated to the people and/or cultures depicted? (O?Barr, 1994, p. 45)."
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AIDA, 2004.
How to write attention-catching advertisements using the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) format.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This essay focuses on the AIDA formula, a useful tool in advertising that assists marketers in writing advertisements that produce fruitful results. It also explains how marketers maximize their marketing potential with the help of AIDA while also exploring the psychological patterns of consumer behavior.
From the Paper
"Contrary to common believe, the purpose of a headline is not merely to promote a product or to represent a company. Its main purpose is to arouse curiosity and compel the reader to read the advertisement in its entirety. Thus, the headline is often regarded as ?the ad for the ad?.
Statistics say that marketers have an average of seven to ten seconds to capture the reader?s attention."
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Walt Whitman: Poet and Advertising Genius, 2004.
Deals with American poet, Walt Whitman, and his self-reviews.
3,235 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
Walt Whitman was publicly denounced by his life-long friend, William Swinton, for secretly writing and publishing his own reviews for "Leaves of Grass". This paper does not address the ethical concerns of Whitman?s self-promotion. Instead, it reveals, through an analysis of Walt Whitman?s first self-review, that he drew heavily on several elements of contemporary 19th century advertising strategies in his self-promotion.
From the Paper
"The passage develops a clear picture of the American literati as a wealthy, and almost royal, class that cannot project the passionate natures of the common people in their language. Whitman regularly defined American democracy against European feudalism as a rhetorical strategy in his prose and poetry to emphasis the need for a truly American literature that could ?express the vigor and roughness? (Encyclopedia 223) of Whitman?s American landscape including its entire diverse people and emerging institutions. For Whitman, an ideal American democracy embraces non-discriminatory practice and includes the lower classes in its national pride."
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Pepsi's Advertising History, 2003.
A history of Pepsi's advertising and the battle with Coca Cola.
2,811 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This essay is a very detailed history of Pepsi's advertising methods as the company battled Coca Cola for dominance in the soft drink industry.
From the Paper
"The history of Pepsi?s corporate identity is a long and detailed struggle. Several bankruptcies and ownership changes hampered most early efforts to make the would be cola giant a success. Eventually, the many ingenious presidents who would each take their turn at trying to rescue the floundering company from debt and help escalate it to the number one soft drink in the world."
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Breast Surgery: The Big and Small of It, 1999.
A discussion on breast implants, the role of the media, and the effects on young women in society.
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
Breast augmentation surgery seems to be a growing trend in this day and age. Superficially, it has become accepted by society and often classified as beautiful. In reality, young women are paying exorbitant prices for a painful and risky surgery. In addition, the fragile self-esteem of these women is put into the hands of the doctors, hoping that they will make them beautiful. This research paper explores the effects of breast enlargement surgery and the media on college-aged women. The paper includes personal observations by the author.
From the Paper
"It seems to me that plastic surgeons play on these insecurities to make their money. For an example, the initial consultation is thoroughly humiliating. The patient has to take off her shirt as the doctor marks all over her body with a ?sharpie? marker. He points out all of the woman?s imperfections and what he hopes to do with the surgery. Now, once a
young woman sees all of these imperfections she?s never noticed before, she?ll want the surgery more than ever. This is the mentality that the doctors hope for in their patients. In fact, according to Joel Studin, about 70% of the women who complete the initial consultation end up following through with the surgery (Studin 3). Another tactic used is the offer of a free consultation. While this may initially sound like the doctors are doing the patients a favor, they know that 70% are going to come back and pay $3,000- $14,000 to get the surgery completed. Yet still, the free consultation appeals to young women and brings them in, just to be pointed out where all of their imperfections are."
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Kids and Television, 2003.
A look at how violence in the media affects our children.
1,733 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how thousands of studies have pointed to a relationship between media violence and real life crime and how years of research show that exposure to media violence causes children to behave more aggressively, both immediately and in their adult years. It discusses how violence on television is detrimental to our society and its future and looks at ways in which it can be controlled, such as the Action for Children's Television (ACT) and the V chip.
From the Paper
"In 1968, Action for Children's Television (ACT) was established in order to convince the Federal Communications Commission to limit violence and force the networks to show programs that are more educational for children(Howe 123). Despite ACT's efforts, Congress and the FCC did nothing to promote children's television. However, twenty-two years after the creation of ACT, Congress passed the Children's Television Act of 1990, which directed the FCC, in reviewing TV broadcast license renewals, to "consider the extent to which the licensee has served the educational and informational needs of children." Congress also prohibited indecent broadcasts outside of "safe harbor" hours (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.), the hours when it is least likely that unsupervised children will be in the audience(Carter 67)."
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"Cosmopolitan", 2004.
An analysis of the image being projected by this women's magazine.
1,358 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
"Cosmopolitan Magazine" is considered one of the largest-selling, young women?s magazines in the world. Since its founding in 1886, this magazine has received much of its fame from its upbeat style, focus on the young career woman, and discussions of male and female relationships. The paper analyzes the messages being put across by the magazine, its effect on its readers and the use of advertising and color to project the desired images.
From the Paper
"Cosmo?s editors might say that if they address more women?s issues and social problems such as poverty or women?s equality their readers would stop buying their magazine. However, in reality, their readers would go along with the change because it is Cosmo, the most popular Women?s magazine that sets trends for many young women in our society. By using average looking models and writing articles that would help women in daily life, Cosmo could use its popularity to crush the stereotype of the feeble, powerless woman. Through their ads and articles Cosmo needs to demonstrate that 21st century women are far more than just beautiful sex objects that are created to satisfy men and are enslaved by their consumer driven lives, but they are independent, dignified women who have a significant voice in society and are shaping our world today."
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