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Innovation and Corporate Social Responsibility, 2007.
This paper considers innovation and profitability as an argument for corporate social responsibility (CSR).
4,155 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how companies must be responsive to the needs of the communities in which they compete, in a process termed corporate social responsibility (CSR). The paper provides an overview of CSR and demonstrates through research how, in the course of pursuing CSR initiatives, some companies have developed very innovative products and services that are beneficial to the company's profitability. The paper also points out that the key to a company's success in using any type of innovation to a company's advantage, from the CSR perspective, is to communicate with local municipal authorities, the press and most importantly, the general public.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What do companies owe? Besides the obvious answers of accounts payable and taxes and the like, an increasingly common observation being made among policymakers, the general public and even corporate circles is that companies of all types must also be responsive to the needs of the communities in which they compete in a process termed corporate social responsibility (CSR). According to one observer, "It is clear that society expects much more from companies than simply a well-made product or a reliable service at the right price. Society is becoming less and less tolerant of companies that fail to address their social responsibilities. As a result, corporate social responsibility has become a hot topic in boardrooms around the world" (Stigson, 2002, p. 24). Today, many analysts are recommending a more strategic approach to the corporate social responsibility function by using CSR as a source of innovation (Allen & Husted, 2006)."
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Environmental Challenges, 2007.
This paper discusses the issues of deforestation, water pollution and mining.
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the forests of Central and South America are being completely destroyed and causing countless environmental problems. The paper examines what is being done today to combat these effects and shows how efforts are not effective and need to be redirected. The paper concludes that exploiting the land and water to improve the immediate condition of the people is an essential concept of human progress and will likely prove a substantial obstacle for any who attempt to fight deforestation.
From the Paper
"The environmental challenge of deforestation is not a new phenomenon, though it has significantly increased in speed and intensity over the last half a century. (Williams, 2001, p. 30) Deforestation is a foundational environmental problem, which can depending on its severity bring many more environmental problems in its wake. The natural resource of trees has consistently been associated with the progress of the human race, as the wood provides a resource that is diverse and almost entirely free of waste, to help humans develop, build houses, plant crops, make paper and so forth. The problem then becomes how to balance the amount of wood and or land needed with the degradation created by removing it."
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Global Warming, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of global warming and the world's response to these problems.
2,559 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the causes of global warming and why there is a need for concern. The paper discusses the real evidence that humans are causing climate change. The paper examines China's contribution to climate change and addresses why the United States is so slow to deal with issues related to climate change.
Outline:
What is the Most Recent Science and Why Should Humans be Concerned?
What Evidence is there that Humans are causing Global Warming?
Other events contribute to the continuing dynamic of global warming
From the Paper
"Prior to addressing the issue of how global warming is caused - and the scientific evidence reported in this paper will prove that many of the causes that directly relate to global warming are man-made - it is important to present material that describes what is happening right now and what are scientists saying about the ultimate damage to the earth and its inhabitants that may be the result of climate change (note: "climate change" and "global warming" are interchangeable phrases and concepts in this paper)."
The very latest report from the scientific community about global warming comes from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a United Nations-sponsored network of 2,000 scientists from all over the world who have been studying the Earth's environment since 1988. The IPCC issued its latest findings - the second of a series of four climate change reports - from Brussels, Belgium, early in April, 2007 - and this report received a tremendous amount of attention in the media. The reason why this report received so much attention is that it is predicting that because of ongoing man-made conditions, global warming has now reached a point where there is not stopping it, and the harmful effects of global warming are already in evidence in numerous ways and many places on Earth."
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Brazil, 2007.
This paper discusses the film 'Brazil' by Terry Gilliam.
2,620 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Terry Gilliam's 1985 black comedy 'Brazil' uses a bizarre, crowded, and largely dysfunctional urban environment of the future as a way of commenting on the urban environment of our time. The writer points out that the urban world shown in the film reflects a created culture that never existed but that still has familiar elements that would get a response from anyone today. The writer discusses that this film uses this city as a generic city, standing in for the modern city at a time of social unrest, terrorist activity, and the ascendancy of an authoritarian regime. In short, the writer maintains that many observers might see this film as more reflective of our time than when the film was made, though such a convergence would have to be largely accidental.
From the Paper
"In this view, the organic city has been overlaid with a created landscape, one shaped more by political forces and determined reformers of one stamp or another. In this view, these political forces pushed various populations deemed less important into some parts of the city while allowing and even encouraging white flight into suburban areas. In Los Angeles, the suburbs keep moving further from the city core, first into the Hollywood area and the San Fernando Valley, more recently into what is called Canyon Country to the north, as well as into outlying communities all around the city, such as Santa Monica, Culver City, Alhambra, and El Segundo, and others."
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The Republic of the Congo, 2007.
An overview of the make-up of the Republic of the Congo with particular emphasis on environmental issues that face the nation.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Republic of the Congo. It gives a brief overview of the history, geography, resources, economics and population make-up of the Republic of Congo. It also describes how the poverty of the nation has led to significant social and political turmoil in the land. The paper then focuses on the environmental issues that face the nation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Overview
Population
Geography/Resources/Economy
Environmental Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Congo is experiencing numerous environmental issues. Some of these issues include water pollution caused by the dumping of raw sewage, air pollution, and non-potable tap water. All of these issues are of the utmost concern because of the impact they have on both the people of the Congo and the overall environment. However the most serious environmental issue facing The Republic of Congo is Deforestation."
"This deforestation is occurring in the Congo Basin. According to Tsoumou (2007) the Congo Basin is the second largest rain forest in the world. The Congo Basin is composed of nearly 30 percent of the world's entire vegetation, and it covers an area of 470 million acres (Tsoumou 2007). The Congo basin serves as the habitat for nearly 400 mammal species; this is inclusive of the world's largest populations of lowland chimpanzees, gorillas, and forest elephants (Tsoumou 2007)."
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Liquid Natural Gas Infrastructure Risks, 2007.
A risk assessment of liquefied natural gas facilities and the safety standards and technology associated with them.
8,834 words (approx. 35.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses safety and risk posed by liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities. It specifically focuses on the safety of these facilities in that they are highly visible and make easy targets for terrorist attacks. The paper also discusses the safety standards and technology associated with LNG, particularly following a catastrophic event in 1944 in Cleveland. It describes the environmental effects of a disaster, as well as symptoms of exposure in an LNG accident. The paper concludes with a long-term risk assessment of the future of LNG.
Table of Contents:
The Infrastructure
Risks Associated with Spills
Cold Hazards
Pool Fires
Vapor Clouds
"A Cleaner Alternative"
By-Products of Combustion
Symptoms of Exposure in an LNG Accident
A Matter of Scale and Scope
Long Term Environmental Impact
Disaster Planning and Modeling
Evacuation
Contamination Control
Improving LNG Accident Response
How Real is the Risk?
Potential Scenario from an LNG Explosion in Boston Harbor
The Future of LNG Risk Assessment
From the Paper
"Up until this point, only one real world scenario of an LNG accident existed and it was long ago before recent developments in technology and safety protocol. Other assessments, such as those made by FERC and industry professionals are largely theoretical. They leave too many variables to chance. To accurately assess the real dangers of LNG, there is a critical need for credible, scenario based research. This is the next phase in the research cycle concerning the safety of LNG. If we are to remove the issue from the political battleground, we need more research-based evidence. In the case of LNG, valid research can be difficult due to the nature of the material."
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Industrial Hygiene Report, 2007.
An industrial hygiene incident report concerning a spill from a chemical facility.
2,369 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper follows the sequence of events as recorded when Professional Services Laboratories responded to a hazardous incident a spill incident at a chemical facility. The spill that occurred involved methanol and was the result of an employee who did not follow recommended procedures in the transfer of the substance from one container to another.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Background
Applicable Standards
Survey Method and Strategy
Survey Findings
Conclusions/ Recommendations
From the Paper
"Before entering the area to clean up the spill, the emergency crew took LEL readings of the immediate area in accordance with established company protocols for such an incident. The LEL at that time was 4.2, therefore, the area was deemed safe for entry. Meter readings were taken continuously throughout the initial cleanup procedure as a precaution. Reported levels at 10 minutes after clean u p began were at 1.87. At 20 minutes the levels were at .64. At 30 minutes they were below the detection limit. After all sand was cleaned from the contaminated area and properly packaged for disposal at a Resource Conservation and Rcovery Act (RCRA) approved disposal site, no further LEL readings were deemed necessary. "
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US&R Taskforce Force-Protection, 2007.
This paper researches the security related issues revolving around the urban search and rescue teams during emergency deployments such as hurricanes and earthquakes.
6,475 words (approx. 25.9 pages), 134 sources, MLA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the deficiencies in 'task-force force protection' (TF-FP) for the Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) division of FEMA(Federal Emergency Management Agency). The paper discusses the study that reveals that the task-force force protection deployed during disasters and crisis has been severely lacking in protection for the Urban Search and Rescue division. The paper explains how this has led to serious problems and examines the recommendations offered in the study.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Questions of the Research
Background of the Problem
Determinations of the Audit of the US&R Response System (2006)
Recommendations of the Audit of the US&R Response System (2006)
Scope of Task-Force Force-Protection Duties
Assessing the Problem
Expertise Necessary Identified
Phoenix Arizona Model
Discussion
Recommendations of the Study
From the Paper
"The Audit of the National Urban Search and Rescue Response System (2006) report relates that: "Six of the seven task forces fell below 50 percent of the US&R System standards for operational readiness established by FEMA." Operational readiness was defined by FEMA as "the availability of a rostered complement of completely trained, exercised, qualified personnel and disaster search canines ready to deploy." A full complement for a task force roster is inclusive of: "210 members with 19 different specialties and 12 canines." (Audit of the National Urban Search and Rescue Response System, 2006) Specific deficiencies were stated to be that the task forces did not conduct exercise or either did not require team members of an adequate number for participation."
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Infill Development and Transportation, 2007.
This paper explores the impact of infill development on urban and regional transportation networks.
2,415 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that urban infill frequently requires after-the-fact adjustments to connect new development with existing transportation networks. The paper discusses the debates regarding whether to infill or not. The paper shows how urban infill development affects transportation networks in as many different ways as it is possible to re-develop older urban areas and reveals that perhaps the strongest argument in favor of urban infill is an ecological one. The paper concludes that urban infill can positively affect transportation networks only if it is conducted in such a way that peoples lifestyles are modified from the American suburban "ideal."
Outline:
Introduction
Main Themes and Debates
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Successful urban regions depend on proper land use and the mutual accessibility of local communities and resources. Efficient transportation networks provide interconnectivity. Varied styles of development meet different needs and demand different transport solutions. Suburban tract houses and corporate office parks require methods of travel that can cover fairly large distances in short periods of time. High density urban residential and commercial districts necessitate systems that meet both local and regional needs, offering a mix of low-speed general access, and high-speed restricted access routes. In all areas, transportation can be either private or public. Networks that depend on private vehicles require miles of superhighways and elaborate webs of expensive-to-maintain local streets."
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Hurricane Katrina, 2007.
An overview of the government relief initiative after Hurricane Katrina.
808 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Hurricane Katrina was the most financially devastating and deadliest hurricane in the history of the United States. In particular, it looks at how the nature of this natural disaster brought about one of the most complex and controversial disaster relief efforts in history and how the government spent billions in relief and organizations from local, state, and federal levels worked in unison with NGOs to attempt the recovery and help of Katrina victims.
From the Paper
"Katrina victims can be loosely defined as any individual who suffered physical, financial and emotional harm from direct, storm related causes. Katrina victims range far and wide, although the majority of the focus are upon those in New Orleans, many victims also were evacuated from South Florida and Mississippi. The victims of Katrina receive strong attention on the national level for several reasons, one of the primary reasons being the disparity between racial dynamics in those victimized by the storm. The majority of victims appear to be poor minorities, especially those residing within inner city New Orleans. The racial disparity among Katrina victims was strongly noted by media commentators within the Superdome. "
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Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", 2007.
This paper studies the essay "The Tragedy of the Commons" by Garrett Hardin.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that although Garrett Hardin's essay entitled "The Tragedy of the Commons" was written nearly 40 years ago, it has even more impact today than when it was written, as we watch the population of the world continue to climb exponentially. The writer points out that Hardin's concern with overpopulation caused by, as he terms it, "the freedom to breed" is prevalent in all parts of the world today. In the third world where population is increasing at the greatest rate, starvation and disease run rampant. The writer further discusses that in the industrial world, the current population is beginning to tax natural resources such as fossil fuels, land and water just as Hardin predicted. The writer concludes that what Hardin saw 40 years ago is still true today, population growth must be controlled.
From the Paper
"In this example, Hardin explores the idea of how people really are looking out for their own best interest with no regard for or unintentional benefit for the common good. Hardin asks the reader to imagine a pasture that is open to all to use. At more primitive times, overpopulation of the pasture by animals did not occur due to natural attrition. However, in more modern times, a point will occur when the balance will be tipped. Adding one more animal to the grazing land will cause it to be overpopulated. Nevertheless, the individual herders weigh their options and determine that they will benefit more personally by adding additional animals and the negative consequences are slight in comparison. If all of the herdsmen add animals, eventually they will being it to ruin.
To give this example more impact, Hardin looks to the National Parks as a modern example of how the lack of limits placed on individuals can destroy something."
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Overpopulation and Global Warming, 2007.
This paper examines the effects of overpopulation on global warming.
1,223 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the issue of global warming is not only a purely environmental issue but is also intimately linked to the human utilization of planetary resources. The paper shows how the greater the number of people on earth, the greater the demand for fossil fuels and, likewise, the greater pollution of the atmosphere.
From the Paper
"The seriousness of global warming has lately been underlined by a recent agreement among the majority of the world's scientists. In summary: "The world's scientists ... gave their starkest warning yet that a failure to cut greenhouse gas emissions will bring devastating climate change within a few decades." ( Worse than we thought) This report expands on the seriousness of global warming. "Average temperatures could increase by as much as 6,4oC by the end of the century if emissions continue to rise, with a rise of 4oC most likely, ... The forecast is higher than previous estimates, because scientists have discovered that Earth's land and oceans are becoming less able to absorb carbon dioxide..." ( Worse than we thought)"
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Breast Cancer Mortality, 2007.
This paper discusses female breast cancer mortality in New Jersey counties and looks at the relationship with certain environmental variables.
3,331 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that today, breast cancer remains the focus of a growing amount of research around the world and new, improved diagnostic techniques, drugs and treatment are constantly improving survival rates. Nevertheless, the writer points out that the incidence of female breast cancer remains unacceptably high in many regions of the country, especially New Jersey. To identify recent trends in the incidence of female breast cancer generally and in New Jersey specifically, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed literature and an analysis of the statistical rates by race for the state and its counties. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented in the conclusion. The writer concludes that the the research is clear in showing that virtually every county in New Jersey is considered high-risk for increased rates of breast cancer by virtue of their geographic proximity to nuclear reactors, as well as the potential environmental toxins that go hand in hand with high concentrations of humanity.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Environmental Factors
Table 1 - Breast Cancer Statistics - New Jersey
Table 2 - Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality by Race, New Jersey and the U.S. 1989-1993.
Table 3 - Cancer Death Statistics for the State of New Jersey by Race
Summary of Breast Cancer Trends Identified in New Jersey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other environmental factors may relate to socioeconomic conditions. While the National Cancer Institute and other medical organizations agree that women age 50 years and older should obtain a routine mammography every one to two years, estimates of breast cancer screening utilization show that participation in mammography screening is typically lowest among groups of women with whom social workers often work; that is, older, low-income, rural, and racially and culturally diverse women. Studies have investigated a variety of factors predictive of women's decisions about breast cancer screening, including socioeconomic factors, and to a lesser extent, psychological and cultural variables; the results of these studies generally indicate that older and ethnic minority women, women with inadequate insurance coverage and no regular source of medical care, women that are less educated, women that live in medically underserved areas, and women that report strong religious values, attitudes, and beliefs about breast cancer, are less likely to obtain breast cancer screening and are at greater risk of dying from breast cancer than are white women who are younger, educated, have health insurance and access to medical care, and that do not express strong beliefs about breast cancer."
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Community Centers and Social Capital, 2007.
A look at the whether the expense of running community centers can be justified by their benefits to the community.
2,788 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the value of community centers goes beyond building social capital within the community that it serves. It looks at how community centers are paramount to building strong communities all the way up the chain to the national level and how, through bonding, bridging, and linking, community centers help to make this world a web of support.
Outline:
Defining Social Capital
Forms of Social Capital: Bridging, Bonding, Linking
Who do Community Centres Benefit?
Do they Build Social Capital?
What is the Impact of Community Centres on the Larger Perspective?
From the Paper
"The primary difficulty with discussing social capital in any situation is that the definition of social capital has changed over the years. Social capital, in its broadest definition, refers to intangible concepts and ambiguous terms. The term "capital" is typically associated with economics. Taken in this context, one expects to be able to quantify capital in real terms. However, when one considers "social" capital, the term takes on a new meaning. It implies a connection with intangible concepts such as welfare, good will, and humanitarian activities. The term "capital" takes on an entirely different meaning in this context. "
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