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Genetic Engineering, 2004.
An analysis of the principles, uses and ethics of genetic engineering.
2,863 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper explains, starting from the basics, what genetic engineering actually is, and how it is carried out. It details its uses in society and explains the risks involved and how to overcome them. Ethics and social values are included in the discussion.
Outline
Introduction
Principles of Genetic Engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Hazards and Ethical and Social Implications of Genetic Engineering
From the Paper
"Restrictions have become less severe over the years, and genetic engineering is being applied more and more as public approval is constantly being sought. Nevertheless, this does not diminish the potential dangers of creating transgenic organisms. For example, consider the use of genetically modified organisms - GMO's - in the general environment, such as crop plants. Can such organisms be used safely? Suppose the pollen of these plants are transferred to wild relatives, thus injecting the gene into a different species. These plants may now act as weeds, and if the crop plants were engineered to be herbicide-resistant, then the weed will be similarly so. When a new type of oilseed rape resistant to the herbicide Basta was produced by the Belgian company 'Plant Genetic Systems' in 1994, there were concerns that rapeseed would act as a weed in hedgerows and would be impossible to control with Basta."
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Data Mining, 2005.
The paper is about data mining, which is the process of finding trends and patterns in data, often within a database.
3,546 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
Data mining has become a very important concept today and is used by companies all over the world to increase their profits and target the right market. The paper talks about the different aspects of data mining, tools used, and future trends in data mining. Data mining benefits are discussed in detail, and an entire discussion related to the trends in data mining is presented.
1-Background
2-Introduction
3-Data Mining Growth and Tools
4-The Data Mining Process
5-Data Mining Market Place Trends
6-The Data in Data Mining and Meta Data
7-Types of Data Mining Problems
8-Privacy and Ethical Sensitivity in Data Mining Results
9-Future Prospects of Data Mining
10-Works Cited
From the Paper
"Data, particularly in the vast diversity and immense quantity that it is available to modern business, was till recently almost very hard to find and understand. Yet, the comprehension of data is the most crucial step to extracting the knowledge that it contains. The scenario has drastically changed today where data is much more easily available and has become more "meaningful" with the utilization of Data Mining. Today, technology offers business managers powerful new tools for gleaning knowledge from data-the essentials of data mining. Data mining has become increasingly important to mainstream companies to become more competitive both in their workings and their customer based relationships. Data mining, as such is of great interest because it is imperative for organizations to grasp the competitive value of information contained within their data repositories. There are a number of pertinent benefits of data mining. First of all, data mining provides the tools and techniques that are essential for optimization of customer relationships. Secondly, data mining provides an automatic method of discovering patterns in data. Thirdly, but not the least, data mining tools can identify the relationships that are actually present in historical data."
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Green Cars, 2005.
This paper discusses how "green" cars are designed to reduce emissions, thereby lessening problems of ever-increasing air pollution, which causes asthma and lung cancer.
2,910 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that "green" cars are vehicles that drive just like any other vehicle, except they are at least 90% cleaner-burning than the standard vehicle on the road, thereby emitting a lower amount of pollutants into the air. The author points out that the most popular models, which are mass-produced on the market right now, are called 'hybrids' because these vehicles have hybrid motors that use a mix of a gasoline engine and electric motor with a large battery that keeps energy flowing to the electric motor with no need to "plug" it in to recharge; when the cars get to "cruising" speed, they switch to the electric motor, letting it do most of the work. The paper stresses the financial benefits, which add to the environmental and health reasons to buying a "green" car; the actual purchase price does not vary too much from the regular gas-burning model, and the savings annually in gas can be tremendous. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Current Quality of the Air We Breathe
Health Consequences of the Deteriorating Environment
Explaining the Need
Future Predictions of our Environmental Destruction
Identifying Those at Risk
"Green" Cars
What They Are
How These Vehicles Can Help "Clear the Air"
Financial Benefits from These Vehicles
Where Can They Be Found
Different Makes and Models Available
Concept Cars on the Way
Other Solutions
From the Paper
"While companies like Honda and Toyota are more aggressively bringing hybrids to market, GM decided last year to focus its most advanced hybrid technology on its largest, least-fuel-efficient, high-volume vehicles models. It plans for them to reach showrooms in 2007. The Toyota Prius and Honda Civic Hybrids have been rated at averaging 60 miles per gallon, which has captured the attention of many producers, designers, engineers and consumers. This is encouraging because automakers are taking notice of the problems with our environment and actually coming up with ways to help fight for the cause."
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The Evolution of Electrical Engineering, 2005.
A comprehensive analysis of the history of electrical engineering and current and future trends in the field.
2,321 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview and background of the history of electrical engineering. The paper discusses some of its key contributors and examines the primary functions of electrical and electronic engineers today. The paper explores the future trends in employment in this field. A summary of the research is presented in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"Knowledge of electricity is certainly not new. The fact that amber ("electra" in Greek) when rubbed will attract light objects has been well established for more than 2,000 years. Likewise, the unique properties of the lodestone or magnet have been widely known and used by mankind for a wide variety of purposes for over 1,000 years; however, it was not until the eighteenth century, that significant progress was made in the understanding and use of electrical energy (Electronics 1). Today, electrical engineering embraces a wide range of sciences and disciplines, and the applications for such processes continue to be identified and expanded."
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Whitewater Parks, 2005.
A discussion about the benefit of man-made, whitewater parks.
1,241 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that whitewater parks can transform a dull, slow-moving river into a whitewater haven that is a kayaker's dream and an engineering feat. It looks at the economic, environmental, and recreational benefits of such a creation and concludes that these man-made water parks are to everyone's benefit.
From the Paper
"In 1972 a whitewater park was built in Augsburg, Germany for the Munich Olympic Games. Since then whitewater parks have become very popular in the United States and other countries (7). There are already over 40 whitewater parks built all over the world. There are almost 20 proposed whitewater parks in the building or planning stages currently in the U.S. Internationally there are at least four parks currently in the same stages (2). Gary Lacy, a pioneer whitewater engineer said "I'm just as surprised as anyone else at how popular these parks are in the community in general and the whitewater community," (1). There are two proposed whitewater parks in Pennsylvania, one in Johnstown, and another in Williamsport (2). Although no information could be obtained pertaining to the Williamsport project, through a discussion with Ben Faas the design engineer for the Johnstown Greenhouse Park and Stonycreek River Whitewater Improvement Project some design questions were answered. Mr. Faas said, "Whitewater sports are growing and growing now a days and kayakers especially need a place to play in the summer months, and a whitewater park is just the answer!", "This is the first whitewater park that I have ever worked so I am coming up with the preliminary designs and Gary Lacy, an experienced whitewater engineer from Boulder, CO is making all of the refinements." Mr. Faas spoke of the benefits that will follow the completion of the whitewater park (5)."
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Engineering for Tropical Hazard Mitigation, 2005.
A case study of hazard mitigation, which describes the technology and design that should be used to make a storm-proof house.
2,785 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how and why hazard mitigation is our best defense against the power of tropical storms. The paper also describes and explains the technology and design used for hazard mitigation and that the use of technology and engineering are the best ways to integrate mitigation into buildings.
From the Paper
"On August 24th, 1992, Hurricane Andrew appeared on the horizon, off of Florida's south eastern coastline. Winds of over 170 miles per hour blasted through Florida's peninsula while a seventeen foot storm surge caused severe coastal flooding to many of the major roadways and utilities (Provenzo, 2002). Figure 1 shows the pressure that can be created, per foot, by blowing winds. Florida would bear the brunt of the storm as it moved due west bisecting much of southern Florida, on August 25th, the storm finished movement over the peninsula, and turned north to Louisiana, a low lying area (Provenzo, 2002). The hurricane then would move north, and slowly dissipate as it reached the interior of the United States of America. When the storm was over, many families were in shock to see most of their houses destroyed, and many of the roadways inundated with standing water. The cost of the Hurricane in the United States was $26.5 billion in damage in the United States, of which $1 billion occurred in Louisiana and the rest in south Florida (Provenzo, 2002). The cost in human lives would also be high for the United States, twenty three people would die the day the hurricane first hit land, and thirty one people would die in the days after the hurricane initially made landfall. Eighteen of the 54 direct deaths attributed to Hurricane Andrew occurred during the recovery phase (Cook, 1995). Of those identified, eight were stress-induced heart attacks, three were either people falling in damaged buildings or hit by debris while cleaning up, and two were children who died in fires in damaged homes. This large number is placed into perspective when also confronted with the fact that nationwide, hurricanes annually account for an average of 17 deaths. The vast majority of the damage in Florida was due to the winds. Many of the house designs at the time overlooked the additional costs of adapted the most up to date techniques of home construction, which have a chance to mitigate the threat of a hurricane (Cook,1995). Those that did utilize construction techniques capable of coping with high winds returned to find many of their homes destroyed. Debris that reached over 85 miles an hour crashed into the house, puncturing the sides and allowing high pressures of wind to enter destroying the main structure by applying pressure from the inside out. Many people believed there seemed to be no way to cope with the power of the hurricane after hurricane Andrew. The aftermath of Hurricane Andrew jumpstarted the industry of engineering a home to survive the high powered winds, devastating storm surge, and heavy weighted debris that can accompany a hurricane. Many of the newest home designs would be tested, not in a computer, or in a wind tunnel, but in the middle of four hurricanes. One of the worst hurricane seasons ever recorded would occur twelve years after Hurricane Andrew, in September of 2004. Mitigation represents our best defense against the power of tropical storms, and the use of technology and engineering are the best ways to integrate mitigation into buildings."
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How Did Rome Get Water, 2005.
A brief discussion of the methods used in ancient Rome to provide water to its population.
814 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly explains how the old water system worked in the Roman Empire. It looks at the different water sources and rivers, which were prominent at the time, and the architectural uses of aqueducts.
From the Paper
"The aqueducts that Rome used for its water supply came from sources above or around the Tiber River or the Anio Valley. The first aqueduct was built in 312 B.C.E. and named in honor of its originator, Appius Claudius. It marked a major milestone because the previous water supply only came from wells, cisterns, springs, or the Tiber River itself. As the city became more populated, the demand for water grew, and thus more aqueducts were created."
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Cochlear Implants, 2005.
This paper argues in favor of the use of cochlear implants, which are prosthetic devices that enable the deaf to hear much better than previous innovations, such as hearing aids.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the position supporting cochlear implants for deaf individuals. Generally, when successful, these implants can make deaf people, especially young children, much more able to distinguish auditory phenomena and, therefore, represent progress against the condition of deafness that is assumed to be a disability. The author points out that the argument opposing cochlear implants is more of a cultural than biomedical one; many members of the deaf community are content with their unique culture and do not regard deafness as a disorder to be cured. The paper concludes that the cochlear implants can enhance the lives of deaf people by allowing them to hear and not be segregated into a deaf word; therefore, the author favors the use of these implants.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Supporting View
Oppositional View
Personal Position
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Personally, I think this issue needs to have more public advocacy so that people can really explore the arguments from both sides and see objective portrayals so that they can make up their own minds about supporting or opposing cochlear implants. Most of my personal feelings on this issue support cochlear implants from the perspective of
someone who is not deaf and therefore might not have the sort of empathy for the deaf community that someone inside or involved with this community may feel. That is, I feel dissonance personally at the notion of someone not wanting to hear if they are deaf because it seems that it would be much more convenient to recognize speech and other things in daily life."
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Power Semiconductor Devices, 2004.
A comparison and analysis of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT), the metal oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, although power semiconductors were first developed in the late 1940s, they have matured significantly in sixty years and how in today?s society, they can be found everywhere. They are essentially the solid-state version of the mechanical relay or the vacuum tube. Some of most common applications include motor drives, uninterruptible power supplies, audio amplifiers, and fluorescent lighting. In particular, it looks at how, for the best device suited for the job, it has become a competition between the bipolar junction transistor (BJT), the metal oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). It shows how each has inherent advantages over the others and how the IGBT has seemed to dominate the industry in recent years.
From the Paper
"The MOSFET was introduced in the 1970s and, unlike the BJT, is a voltage controlled device. It also has three terminals, though they differ from the BJT: the source, the gate, and the drain. The source and drain diffusions are separated by the gate. The MOSFET has a p or n channel and can operate in depletion or enhancement mode. In enhancement, no current flows when the gate voltage is zero. In depletion mode, however, a narrow n channel is formed under the gate such that current will still flow when the gate voltage is zero."
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Cisco Systems, 2004.
A company analysis of Cisco Systems.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the company, Cisco Systems, and its unique capabilities in the technology arena. It talks about the company's history and its competitive advantage in its industries.
From the Paper
"The search for talented high-tech workers has grown fierce as the numbers of eligible workers that meet this need are few. One company, Cisco Systems, has perfected a way to not only attract these employees, but also to retain them as well. The company went public back in 1994 primarily as a manufacturer of routers for the Internet and communications market. It has blossomed into a communications giant that is involved in some aspect with almost every technology field."
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Determination of Heating Value of Fuels, 2003.
Determination of the heat of combustion of naphthalene, using the Parr bomb calorimeter.
1,498 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This is a technical report on a laboratory experiment determining heating value of fuels. Test sample is naphthalene, and the calibrating substance is benzoic acid. The oxygen bomb calorimeter used is the Parr type.
From the Paper
"The experiment aims to determine the heat of combustion of naphthalene using data obtained from the Parr bomb calorimeter.
Three 1-g portions of naphthalene were weighed using the analytical balance. Benzoic acid is the calibrating substance used for the experiment. The heat capacity Csys of the system is calculated using the theoretical value of benzoic acid and the nickel fuse wire. This Csys is equivalent to the heat capacity Ccal of the calorimeter; this value will be used in determining the heat of combustion of naphthalene.
The heat of combustion of naphthalene is accepted at
?5156.95 KJ/mol. The experimental value ?3787.445097 KJ/mol has an error of 26.56%."
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The Ring Method, 2003.
Examines surface tension measurements of pure water, ethanol solution, and 1.5N NaCl using a Pt-Ir ring on a Du Nuoy tensiometer.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper is a technical report on a laboratory experiment on surface tension measurements using the Du Nuoy ring. Samples are pure water, ethanol solution, and 1.5N NaCl. Calculations for the correction factor and other necessary values are included in the discussion.
From the Paper
"The Du Nuoy ring is the most commonly used apparatus for surface tension measurements. The group used pieces of paper to determine the weight needed to depress the lever arm to zero. For the experiment proper, the ring was thoroughly cleaned and flamed to red heat for a few seconds. The vernier was turned to zero reading and the lever arm made to just touch the zero indicator. The ring was made to contact the surface of the liquid and was carefully submerged until good contact is established. This was then slowly recovered from the liquid by careful downward movement of the platform and of the thumbscrew. It is important that the lever arm is kept at the zero indicator until the ring is detached from the liquid."
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The Capillary Method, 2003.
Examines surface tension measurements of pure water, NaCl solutions, and HOAc solutions using the capillary rise technique.
2,048 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper is a technical report on a laboratory experiment on surface tension measurements using the capillary rise method. Samples are deionized water and varying concentrations of NaCl and of HOAc. Calculations are included in the appendix.
From the Paper
"Increasing concentrations of HOAc solutions tend to lower surface tension of water, while NaCl solutions increase surface tension of water. The former results to a condition called positive surface concentration, where the solute tend to concentrate slightly in the neighborhood of the surface; the latter is due to negative surface concentration, where the solute molecules become less concentrated in the neighborhood of the surface."
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Riprap and Erosion Control Today, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of watershed management and erosion control techniques using riprap.
1,653 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of riprap, which is the most common method of providing erosion control and bank protection on streams and river banks today. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion. A table and relevant graphics illustrating riprap in action are also provided.
From the Paper
"Watershed management and erosion control have assumed new levels of importance in the 21st century. The presence of water in soils essential to the growth of forests, and improved water yield and quality are becoming increasingly important management objectives on many forested lands today. The fundamental principle of watershed management where erosion threatens is the maintenance of continual cover. This same principle applies to stream and river bank protection, where bridge foundations must be fortified from scouring and the ravages of floodwaters. This paper provides an overview rip rap, which is the most common method of providing erosion control and bank protection on streams and river banks today. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion."
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Silica Aerogel, 2001.
This paper gives an overview of aerogels, with a focus on those made from silica and their household uses.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at aerogel, a lightweight material that is a cross between gel and air, whose superb physical, mechanical,and optical properties make it useful for high-tech applications, such as insulating the Mars rover. In particular, it explores how future uses extend to household applications, such as clear, insulating windows and sunroofs. It discusses the physical, mechanical, and optical properties of silica aerogels, as well as their general method of preparation and their applications.
Outline
What are Aerogels?
What Makes Aerogel a Super Material?
How are Aerogels Prepared?
Applications of Aerogel
From the Paper
"A material that closely resembles aerogel, called xerogel, may be prepared at home or in the laboratory. The process will not require a high-pressure vessel as is in preparing aerogels. The simplest way to make a xerogel is to form a variety of gels and leave them out in the air to dry. Ordinary gelatin may be used for this purpose. Silica xerogels, however, may be prepared using sodium silicate gel-forming liquid. This is commonly used as a lubricant and is available at pharmacies. Xerogels are much denser than aerogels but provide some of the same high-temperature insulation."
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