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Maglev Trains, 2002.
The development and use of magnetic levitation (maglev) propulsion systems in North America and around the world as an alternative mode of transportation.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
With air travel and the highways becoming increasingly congested, the need for an efficient, fast and comfortable mode of alternative travel has been felt in many countries of the world. One of the possible solutions is the Magnetic Levitation Propulsion System or high-speed trains called the Maglev train (short for magnetic levitation). The recent question mark over the safety of air travel and the fear of flying created among the general public by the events of 9/11 has renewed interest in the Maglev technology. This paper discusses how the Magnetic Levitation Propulsion System works and briefly overviews its history of development. The different types of designs developed so far, the cost of developing such systems, and the potential for its expansion and use in transportation systems in the United States and all over the world is also discussed. The author uses photographs and plan drawings to illustrate points.
From the Paper
"We all know that the opposite poles of a magnet attract while the like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle on which the Magnetic Levitation Propulsion System works. In magnetic propulsion systems, powerful electromagnets are used. The three basic components of a maglev train system are: A large electrical power source, metal coils that line the track or guide-way, and large magnets attached to the underside of the train. There is no conventional engine in maglev trains. Instead, the force for propulsion is achieved by a combination of the magnetic fields created by the electrified coils in the tracks (called the guideways) and the guideway walls."
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DNA and Aging, 2002.
This paper looks at the effect of DNA on the human body.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role that DNA plays in the aging process. The author looks at several studies that have been conducted over the years that look at how different types of drugs and disease affect the aging process. Some of the studies involved a look at such issues as cholesterol and the effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs on both the human and animal populations. The paper also looks at Vitamin K, the loss of DNA from the human heart as a person ages, how a person's alcohol and tobacco use affect their longevity. In all of these cases, the paper looks at both the male and female populations in order to illustrate how all of these different aspects affect an individual's DNA and as a result, their life expectancy.
From the Paper
"The third category, accretional defects, results from the accumulation of waste materials composed of nonfunctioning of poorly functioning parts of the body system during aging. These involve the liver and kidneys. The human liver must absorb 70% of the dysfunction before they appear in routine blood tests (Strehler), since it is one of the many jobs of the liver to remove bilirubin from the blood. (Bilirubin is a natural by-product of red blood cells at the end of their life cycle.) A high-level bilirubin translates into jaundice and is harmful to the brain if high levels accumulate in the blood. But if the liver's own removal cells are malfunctioning, bilirubin accumulates in the blood and damages the person's overall health. (Strehler). The kidneys are even hardier : 90% of them must sustain the damage and be damaged themselves before abnormalities are detected in blood tests of kidney function (Strehler). This means a person may have kidney trouble for many years without knowing it, only until his or her kidneys are 90% damaged, during which the signs of illness begin to show."
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Artificial Intelligence in the Cockpit, 2002.
A paper which describes the use of artificial intelligent systems in the cockpit.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper shows how the technologies critical to the U.S. for new weapons systems have become increasingly available in the global marketplace and thus are accessible to its potential adversaries as well. The paper provides an extensive review of the artificial intelligent systems currently used by the U.S. military aviation and their advantages.
From the Paper
"It is CIE's job to determine what these actions mean right now, in the current situation. This explanation is formed based on current understanding of intent, situations in the external world, and knowledge about acceptable behavior in the cockpit.
"Understanding crew intentions is really only one function of CIE that ensures human-centered RPA behavior. CIE also dynamically identifies conflicts between the current crew intentions and RPA activities as posted by RPA's internal Task Network Architecture (TNA) scheduler. The TNA is the mechanism that coordinates RPA aiding activities. CIE can identify potentially counterproductive RPA behaviors and transmit an indication of conflict and also type of conflict so that the RPA Task Network can possibly identify a way to complete its scheduled tasks without being counterproductive to the crew's objectives."
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The F-16 Fighting Falcon, 2001.
A study of the F-16 fighter jet.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper gives basic information about the F-16 fighter jet. It explains its unique qualities and discusses the sales of this plane and its ramifications.
From the Paper
"The F-16 Fighting Falcon is a compact, multi-role, extremely maneuverable fighter that is suitable for air-to-air combat as well as air-to-surface attacks. It has a combat radius (the distance the jet can fly to combat and return safely) of 500 miles, which is superior to that of other fighter aircraft. The pilot has unobstructed vision both forward and upward through to the bubble canopy. It is a precision attack aircraft and can function in all types of weather."
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What is the Sound of One Cell Thinking?, 2002.
This is a review of an article on stem cell research.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper is an analysis of an article by John Carey and Ellen Licking, "The Stem-Cell Debate Just Got Thornier" that appeared in the February 11, 2002 issue of "Business Week." The paper uses information from the article to define stem cells, and to give an overview of the debate over research using human embryos. The issue of virtual embryos and some of the controversial issues surrounding the possible use of any of this research to cure many diseases such as Parkinson's, leukemia or the regeneration of lost limbs.
From the Paper
"Stem cells are present in the early stages of embryonic development, and have the ability to develop into any other sort of cell. This makes them useful tools in healing degenerative diseases where extra heart, brain, or other cells are needed. Until recent developments, it was believed these cells could only be harvested from human embryos, which sparked a great deal of ethical debate. Many people believe that human life begins before birth, and do not approve of the idea of grinding up little humans and injecting their cells into sick adults. Federal research money is given only to programs that use existing cell lines and forbids harvesting new stem cells. Cloning is also in line to be chopped, which will further prevent scientists from creating "bred for the slaughter" embryos from which to harvest identical stem cells for their patients."
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Boron Composite Structures in Aviation, 2001.
This paper studies the past and future use of boron composite structures in aviation.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper details a brief history of boron composites from its earliest applications to recent developments. It studies the application of boron in composite epoxies and fibers and the use of these materials in airframe manufacturing. It includes figures showing usage of Boron composite. It concludes that boron has been very successful in aircraft manufacturing if the costs can be brought down.
From the Paper
"Compounds of boron, most notably from unfinished borax ore, known as Tincal, were exported from Tibet in olden times. Historically, boron has been used for refining gold and silver in Arabia, ceramic glazes in China, and embalming in Egypt.
"Boric acid, a mild antiseptic, was isolated in the laboratory by chemistry professor William Homberg in 1720. Sir Humphrey Davy, a British chemist, and two French chemists, Joseph Gay-Lussac and Baron Louis Thenard, discovered the element, boron, in 1808 concurrently. However, it took another 155 years before science turned its focus from borax to boron, and began to reveal the secrets of this mysterious and valuable element."
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Nuclear Energy, 2006.
An argument in favor of using nuclear energy.
1,855 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the disadvantages associated with nuclear energy are not as great as some of the disadvantages of other forms of energy. Specifialy, the paper argues that nuclear power provides much economic growth and does not degrade the environment unless, of course, an accident of some sort, such as Three Mile Island in 1979, were to occur. The paper further argues that nuclear power is obviously a very sustainable source for the generation of electricity.
From the Paper
"In the early 1970s, the cost of a two-unit nuclear plant was about $1 billion, due to the great amount of materials needed for construction. For example, at one plant in the mid-1970's, 270,000 cubic yards of concrete, 17,000 tons of reinforcement bars, 11,000 tons of steel, 250,000 linear feet of large boring pipe, 240,000 feet of small boring pipe and 6,700,000 feet of cable was needed for construction. Presently, the cost has skyrocketed, due to inflation and the increased price of materials."
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Titanic: Commotion in the Ocean, 1999.
An analysis of the technical reasons to explain why the Titanic sank.
1,197 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theories that explain why the RMS Titanic sank on her maiden voyage. It focuses on the design flaws of the ship, the inferior steel that was used in its building, the speed that the ship was traveling when it hit the iceberg and the overconfidence and negligence of both builders and crew. It combines all of these issues to explain how the disaster could have occurred.
From the Paper
"The Titanic disaster was one of the most catastrophic events in the history of travel on the seas. Some ministers preached that the disaster was actually a godsend in disguise, compelling people to abandon their self-absorption, and punishing them for their reliance on technological progress. (Lord 113) Not only did the tragedy mark the end of a universal sense of security, but it was also a turning point in the implementation of additional safety measures. The International Ice Patrol and Coast Guards now closely monitor meandering icebergs to keep them clear of the steamer lanes, and every liner must have sufficient lifeboats for all boarding passengers. (Lord 104) Never again will mankind invest its trust in a few thousand tons of steel and rivets. Like the author Michael Harrington states in his novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, "If there is technological advance without social advance, there is, almost automatically, an increase in human misery, in impoverishment." The saga of the Titanic is a classic example of technological failure causing profound death and destruction."
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Interstate Highways, 2008.
An analysis of the commercialization surrounding America's interstate highways.
3,284 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion on how America's interstate highways have affected its commercial growth over the years. Included in this study are the following topics: post roads and early travel routes, growth and sprawl benefits and effects, right-of-way and eminent domain, the role of the railroad in human and freight travel, the role of the automobile, and a short study on Route 66 in its heyday.
Outline:
Early European Models
Early American Travel Routes
The Railroad
The Automobile
Route 66
Infrastructure Issues
The Interstate's Role in Growth and Sprawl
From the Paper
"The highway, or Interstate as it is formally called, has facilitated a drastic growth in American lifestyle, planning, and design, in urban, rural, and suburban regions. Some contend that the invention, production, and utilization of the automobile created the need for a broad network of interstates, while others say that this relationship was formulated the other way around. However, most will agree that the highway is a more efficient means of travel and of transporting goods. Additionally, it creates opportunity for growth along its corridors--from suburbs to shopping malls to rural rest stops, many businesses have boomed due to their proximity to the highway."
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Genetically Modified Crops, 2007.
This paper discusses the risks vs. the benefits of genetically modified foods.
1,371 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the world-wide debate about genetically modified (GM) crops and explains the advantages and disadvantages of these products. The paper looks at the regulation of genetically modified foods in the United States and Europe and how GM food growth is drawing a political backlash. The paper discusses the powerful opposition of Greenpeace to genetic engineering. The paper concludes that as long as environmental organizations generate fear and doubt among politicians, retailers and the public, it will be almost impossible for the technology to break through, despite its benefits.
Outline:
Introduction
The Science of Genetic Engineering
Genetically Modified Foods and Hunger
Genetically Modified Foods and Biodiversity
Research for the Common Good
Growth of Genetic Engineering
Greenpeace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world wide debate about genetically modified crops has been a heated one, pitting biological progress against environmental conservation. The genetically modified foods issue involves complex factors including politics, international trade, and social and cultural norms. Advocates of GM foods say that the increased yields and decreased price of using genetically modified seeds can help to alleviate world hunger. However, progress is being hampered by over cautious environmentalists and consumers, mostly in Europe and Japan. These wealthy areas of the world can afford to take precautions that the starving people of the world cannot, but the preference of consumers in wealthy countries of whole, natural, organic foods is influencing impoverished countries."
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Agricultural Bioengineering in India, 2008.
An analysis of the benefits of and objections to agricultural bioengineering in India.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of food-resource advancements in India, due to its large population and high level of poverty. It discusses both the objections and the known benefits of genetic engineering of food. The paper then looks at the precedent for bioengineering in India and the benefits that are specific to that country. The paper contains an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"But the above referenced conference draws an important point in addressing not just the benefits of employing bioengineering methods to achieving agricultural robustness but in implementing such methods in order to improve our own understanding of their potential. The benefits of such technological advances in our ability to effectively reap sustenance from the earth are not only likely to outweigh the drawbacks but are also likely to contribute to an eventually diminishing of the drawbacks. Efforts which are now centered on opposing the graduation of our ability to defend against vermin, drought and other famine inducing natural disasters should instead be directed toward refining our effectiveness and education in reaching such ends. India provides an excellent example, in relationships such as that defined by Monsanto India, of the ways in which international support of bioengineering can both improve its effectiveness and advance our capacity to use it safely and optimally. The New Delhi conference provides evidence that such efforts are already underway, with America playing an integral role in the assimilation of bioengineering into the broader landscape of India's hunger and poverty fighting strategy."
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Linus Carl Pauling, 2008.
This paper looks at the many accomplishments of the chemist Linus Carl Pauling.
1,061 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that Pauling has been labeled the premier chemist of the twentieth-century for his work and awards. The paper describes Pauling's birth and childhood, college life, family life, and his many accomplishments. This includes his works on crystal structures, the nature of chemical bonds, the use of Vitamin C to maintain and restore health, as well as his efforts to bring about world peace.
Outline:
Thesis Statement
I. Linus Carl Pauling
II. Accomplishments
From the Paper
"You can find Linus Carl Pauling in many areas of research. This man basically wore a coat of many colors. Pauling was a chemist, physicist, humanitarian, nutrition expert, author, educator, and family man. Having accomplishments that are a mile long--Pauling has been labeled the premier chemist of the twentieth-century for his work and awards. (Wiki, 2007)
"Linus Carl Pauling, was born on February 28, 1901, in the town of Portland, Oregon. (Hutchinson, 1999) His parents were Herman and Isabelle Pauling, and he had two younger sisters. Pauling's, father died in 1910, leaving his mother and the children to make it on their own. Pauling continued on through high school, but did not graduate; because the high school required everyone to take a civics class and Pauling, felt he could learn civics on his own."
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Concrete Gravity Dams, 2007.
An overview of the design and function of concrete gravity dams.
1,954 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how concrete gravity dams are effective in most part due to their extreme size and weight, which counters all external forces, and how, used for many things, dams such as these can generate enormous amounts of hydropower and create massive reservoirs when necessary. Although dams do pose a certain amount of risk on the environment and those living around them, the positive aspects of dams seem to outweigh this risk.This paper explores the design behind concrete gravity dams, including but not limited to hydropower uses, effective external and internal forces, dam site selection, and many other related topics.
From the Paper
"Throughout the history of dams, many failures have been attributed to weaknesses in the concrete used in the construction of the dam. Because the concrete is the main component in most large dams, it is important that it meets certain standards. Concrete is susceptible to deterioration, especially if it is constantly freezing and thawing (Jansen 109). It is important, when designing a concrete gravity dam, to recognize that the concrete will become saturated over time. When the Saint Francis Dam collapsed in 1928 less than two years after it had been built, it was found that the engineers had not implemented into the design the idea that the concrete would become saturated and therefore become less effective. For this reason, among others, the resultant vector of the forces acting on the dam was misplaced (outside of the middle third of the foot) and the dam eventually collapsed (Jansen 181). In later investigations, the concrete was also found to have a void ratio of 14%, which would increase the degree of saturation (Jansen 179). "
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WCDMA Simulator with Smart Antennas, 2005.
This paper is a thesis in which a signal level simulator in uplink is implemented according to the physical layer specification of the IMT-2000 WCDMA system.
16,200 words (approx. 64.8 pages), 58 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the goal for the next generation of mobile communications system is to seamlessly integrate a wide variety of communication services such as high speed data, video and multimedia traffic as well as voice signals. The author reports that, for the analysis for this thesis, an analytical WCDMA system through the use of linear algebra techniques is utilized along with a simulation tool in Matlab, which was developed for this work. The paper demonstrates performance improvement due to processing gain, PN sequence, RAKE receiver, smart antenna and multiuser detection, which are compared with respective theories. The paper includes many tables, charts, illustrations, equations and all the source codes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to WCDMA
Introduction
Applicable Techniques to Enhance System Performance
Spreading
Multipath Diversity
Multiuser Detection
Smart Antenna
Outline of This Thesis
Abbreviations
List of Symbols
Analytical WCDMA System Model
Introduction
CDMA System Model for the Uplink
Mobile Radio Channel Model
Discrete Time Base Band Uplink Model
Synchronous CDMA
Asynchronous CDMA
Single Path Model
Multipath Model
Multiple Antenna Model
Conclusion
Spreading in WCDMA
Introduction
Properties of PN Sequence
Spreading and Scrambling in the Uplink of WCDMA
Walsh-Hadamard Codes and Spreading
Gold Codes and Scrambing
Conclusion
RAKE Receiver and Multiuser Detection
Introduction
System Model
The RAKE Receiver
Multiuser Detection
Input Signal Modeling
Optimal Detection
Suboptimal Detection
Decorrelating Detector
Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE)
Adaptive MMSE Algorithm-RLS Algorithm with Adaptive Memory
Conclusion
Smart Antenna in WCDMA
Types of Smart Antenna
Signal Modeling
Beamforming Schemes
Conventional Beamforming
Optimum Beamforming
Adaptive Beamforming
Conclusion
Simulation
System Setup
Channel
System Performance
Performance without RAKE Receiver and with RAKE Receiver
Performance of 1-D RAKE Receiver with EGC or Selection Combining
Performance of 1-D RAKE Receiver with Decorrelating Detector and MMSE
Performance with PN Sequence and Random Sequence
Performance with Processing Gain
Performance with Adaptive MUD- RLS Algorithm with Adaptive Memory
Performance with Smart Antenna
Conclusion
Conclusion
Summary of Research
Future Work
From the Paper
"The despreaded sequence is forwarded to the multiuser detector unit. In this unit, performance enhancing signal processing such as beam forming, RAKE combining including channel estimation, antenna diversity combining, multiuser detection and error control decoding can be included. If perfect channel information is available, beam forming, RAKE and antenna diversity combining merely represent linear transformations to obtain a minimal set of sufficient statistics. From the fundamental digital communication theory, this is in fact equivalent to filtering matched to the received waveform in order to maximise the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)."
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BASF's Aggressive Growth Strategy, 2007.
This paper examines the growth strategy of German chemical company, BASF.
887 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explores BASF's aggressive growth strategy and reviews how their focus on non-cyclical operational aspects has helped boost company growth. The paper shows the truth in their popular slogan "We don't make a lot of the products you buy. We make a lot of the products you buy better".
Outline:
Unbridled Aggression
Cyclical Implications
Too Aggressive?
From the Paper
"Since Sean Milmo's seven-year old Chemical Market Reporter article on BASF (which originally stood for Badische Anilin-und Soda-Fabrik), the record sales he discussed in "BASF outlines growth strategy in major markets" have been broken time and again. BASF remains strong in cyclical and commodity products and continues to increase earnings in non-cyclical operations as well. In fact, the third quarter of 2006 marked the thirteenth quarter in a row in which the company has posted sales growth. The chemical company has effectively resisted the urge to rest on its collective laurels, and has recently (2006) acquired Engelhard, Degussa Construction Chemicals and Johnson Polymer. Initially, Englehard's board of directors rejected BASF's bid ($37/share) stating they believed it to be "inadequate and opportunistic." Not to be denied, BASF increased their bid by $1/share, which Engelhard eventually accepted. This approach personifies the chemical giant's approach to growth: they are aggressive!"
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