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Gasoline Tax, 2007.
This paper discusses the implementation of a gasoline tax increase in the U.S. in order to help weaken Islamic extremist regimes.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues in favor of a gasoline tax increase in order to keep billions of dollars of U.S. oil money out of the pockets of tyrannical, Islamic extremist oil-exporting countries. The writer notes that that the world will soon be battling it out for the last reserves of cheap oil, not necessarily on the battlefield but more likely on the economic/political front. Further, the writer argues that the installation of a new gasoline tax would force US automakers to innovate toward renewable fuels and stop depending on cheap oil from less-than-friendly regimes and would provide the United States with the luxury to withdraw from the competition for cheap oil and thus begin the march toward true energy independence.
Outline:
Audience
The Gasoline Tax: A New Beginning for America
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Another compelling reason to increase the gasoline tax has much to do with weaning the US from its oil addiction as soon as possible, due to the growing worldwide demand for gasoline and oil products. As reported in a press release by ConocoPhillips, the consumption of oil is growing around the world, especially in rapidly-developing countries like China and India. One example of this trend is that global demand grew by 3.2 % in 2004, i.e. some 100 million gallons a day, and was expected to climb in 2005. Furthermore, the US demand has decreased as compared to the demand in developing nations, yet gasoline consumption reached a record high in August of 2005. Thus, the United States still consumes more gasoline than any other country in the world."
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Social Security, 2007.
A debate on the privatization of social security.
1,154 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This essay attempts to find common ground for both proponents and opponents of social security privatization. It begins by presenting both arguments, and the subsequent pros and cons of each. The paper then presents the facts and several popular alternative proposals towards finding a solution.
From the Paper
"Allowing workers to privately invest Social Security taxes would give workers more ownership of and control over their money and increases in rates of return. Proponents note that many less well off households, particularly minority households and those with low education and earnings, currently save very little and therefore have very little wealth upon retirement. As a result, the distribution of bequeathable assets among retirees in the United States is highly unequal. A system of personal accounts would allow workers to accumulate real and bequeathable assets and could lead ultimately to greater equality of wealth. Social Security privatization therefore, for some, exists as a progressive option for the poor and uneducated."
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Oil Crisis, 2007.
This paper discusses the depleting supply of world oil and looks at the implications.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that once the peak point of oil harvesting is reached, economic laws will become painfully evident to even the staunchest defenders of oil use. The writer points out that the supply is literally diminishing, and no amount of politics will be able to create more oil to fulfill the demands that the consumers of the world currently have for energy. Further, the writer notes that alternate supplies of energy in another form are not readily available and therefore, the oil which is available has become increasingly precious to consumers who demand it and are willing to pay a premium amount for the product.
From the Paper
"In terms of economic concepts, peak oil refers to the tipping point when demand begins to exceed supply. Economist Alfred Marshall explained the relationship that supply and demand have with one another rather succinctly when he described the two factors in pricing as separate blades of a scissors in that their intersection was the point of price, and that neither could influence the other without the presence of the second blade. Applied to the oil market, the demand for the product is evident, most of the world depends on fossil fuels for energy; despite the skyrocketing gas prices of recent months, consumers in the United States appear to have a high tolerance for the prices, since demand for oil and gasoline has remained at high levels."
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Macroeconomic Analysis of U.S. Economy, 2007.
This paper provides a qualitative evaluation of the first quarter 2006 U.S. economic performance and a forecast for the future performance of the funeral service industry.
1,064 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that according to U.S. government economists, the U.S. economy was adversely affected by a sharp increase in energy prices in mid-2005; however, these prices had fallen to their earlier levels by the end of the year. Furthermore, the writer notes that the impact of Hurricane Katrina continued to be felt in those regions of the country most severely affected, but government economists report that this event had little influence overall on the nation's GDP growth at the beginning of 2006. The writer points out that the funeral service industry is enjoying major growth today, and these trends are expected to continue in the future. Further, the writer maintains that shifts in the demographic composition of the U.S. will clearly have a pronounced effect on the funeral service industry, just as it will on allied healthcare services.
Outline:
Qualitative Evaluation of First Quarter 2006 U.S. Economic Performance
Forecast for the Future Performance of the Funeral Service Industry
From the Paper
"Although the housing industry experienced mixed growth, but overall this industry appears to be on a downward trend following several years of robust growth; by contrast, business was expected to reap the increasing benefits from costs of scale production and innovation in telecommunications and computer-based applications. According to the Fed's Open Market Committee meeting minutes, outlays for equipment and software had regained their strength by early 2006, and capital spending continued to be healthy with the business sector's output expanding significantly."
"During this same period, many firms enjoyed large cash surpluses as well as price declines for high-tech equipment that has caused decreases in user costs. Likewise, in his remarks at the Greenlining Institute's Thirteenth Annual Economic Development Summit at Los Angeles, California on April 20, 2006, Federal Reserve Board Chairman Ben S. Bernanke reported that while the nation's economic performance can be discerned through both qualitative and quantitative indicators; however, the chairman also emphasizes the need to extend this analysis to the social and economic data at the community level."
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Federal Regulation, 2007.
A discussion on federal regulation of global business.
3,930 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of federal regulation on traditionally state and privately regulated industry, that of global business and financial management. Despite the positive effects of such regulation, questions regarding the actual effectiveness of the broader, federal regulations over the previously established state regulations are examined. The paper places emphasis on the effects that these federal regulations have had on the global markets, and, therefore, on the United States market as a whole.
Outline:
Introduction:Has Private Business Become Complete?
The New Federal Regulation of Corporate Governance
The Effect of Federal Regulation Existing State Regulation of Corporations
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Although securities transactions are private contracts, they take place in public markets and have effects extending far beyond the specific parties involved. Moreover, there is a general societal interest in strong capital markets. The strength of the U.S. capital markets, due in part to their relative safety and transparency, has been a fundamental component of this country's economic growth. Indeed, the United States' capital markets are sufficiently attractive that they regularly attract listings from foreign issuers, some of whom appear to view compliance with extensive U.S. regulations as providing their securities with something like a good housekeeping seal. An increasing number of foreign issuers and corporations are choosing to list their stock on United States exchanges, thereby agreeing to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws. This public nature of business law is the central focus of the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation."
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Milton Friedman and the Rise of Monetarism, 2005.
Examines the theory of monetarism developed by Milton Friedman in the twentieth century.
1,403 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
Monetarism, an economic doctrine that stresses the important role played by money supply in promoting economic stability and growth, was largely developed by Milton Friedman in the mid-twentieth century. This paper shows that, countering Keynesian thought, Friedman postulated that the "quantity theory of money," developed by the economist Simon Newcomb, did, in fact, illuminate most questions on inflation or deflation. The paper shows that Friedman proposed that regulating the supply of money could have a real effect on economic factors such as inflation, deflation, output and employment.
From the Paper
"However, Friedman did not just resurrect the "quantity theory of money," but used it as a basis to further explore the effect of monetary policy on prices, output and employment. For, as he points out, the "quantity theory of money" is a theory of the demand of money. It is not a theory of output, money income, or of the price level. Any statement of these variables requires combining the quantity theory with some specifications about the conditions of the supply of money and other variables (Friedman (a), p. 52)."
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Bio-ethanol in Brazil, 2007.
An analysis of the pros and cons of the production of bio-ethanol as an alternative fuel source, in Brazil.
3,491 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the production of bio-ethanol fuel as an alternative to fossil fuels, in Brazil. The paper begins by giving a summary of the political and economic background of Brazil and goes on to describe why the production of bio-ethanol has been so successful in Brazil. The paper presents the pros and cons of bio-ethanol production and concludes that, at this stage, the advantages of producing ethanol for fuel use appear to outweigh the disadvantages.
From the Paper
"Overall, the advantages of producing ethanol for fuel use appear to outweigh the disadvantages, which at this stage, are believed to be manageable. The first benefit is the decrease of the net output of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, since the amount of carbon dioxide released in the manufacture would be cyclically absorbed in the production of the new fuel crops (Wikipedia 2006). The burning of fossil fuels brings up massive amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere without creating damage. But this advantage can be derived only from agricultural ethanol, not petroleum ethanol. It is also assumed that production processes, like distillation and fertilizer production, would not exact large amounts of energy and done without using fossil fuels (Wikipedia)."
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Globalization in Brazil and the UK, 2006.
A discussion regarding the effects of globalization on two very different countries - Brazil and the United kingdom.
2,443 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how globalization has come to be defined in the past few years, in two separate countries: Brazil and the United Kingdom. This paper focuses on the analysis of Brazil's economy and its decision not to default on international debts, compared with the UK's position as a powerful world economic force. The paper concludes by summarizing the differences in the effects of globalization on the two nations.
From the Paper
"In direct contrast with the struggles faced by Brazil over the past few years with regard to its own attempts to deal with the globalization of markets and economic policies, the United Kingdom has flourished as a result of globalization (at least partially). The UK holds positions of power and authority in the worldwide organizations which shape and mold international economic policy, such as the G8 group and the European Union. As an industrialized nation, the UK stands to gain substantially from the cheaper products available in a global market as well as the potential for outsourcing of labor to a less costly environment (such as that available in Brazil or India). Additionally, as a global power in the regulatory environment which governs such international economic agreements, as the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and G8 group of nations, the UK holds significantly more bargaining power and influence over the direction that global markets take than a smaller, less developed nation like Brazil, even in light of Brazil's potential work force, production power and market share."
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World Trade Organization, 2006.
A review of the role of the World Trade Organization as a referee in international business disputes and a discussion regarding major economic concepts.
1,757 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly discusses two major economic concepts, the Ricardian trade model and free trade model. The paper further discusses what implications and effects the Doha Round will have on the participants of international commerce. The paper concludes with a summary of the arguments.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Analysis
Free trade & The Doha Development Round
Advantages for the LDCs
Disadvantages for the LDCs
Liberalization and LDCs
Reduction of Export Subsidies and Ricardian Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conditions of free trade, the least-developed countries and the developing ones, countries that import most of their food would be highly disadvantaged. Trade liberalization of agricultural products could lead to a growth in food prices, affecting the poorer countries. A solution to this problem could be offered by special aid programs regarding food, assistance to improve the productivity and subsidies for imports. "
"The impact of the liberalization of agriculture runs 3 different ways: prices for farm products grow, the producer's surpluses are lowered and the consumers gain. Even if this seems like a win-win situation, things are different for LDCs and developing countries. Several studies have shown that the indicator of welfare depends directly on producer's surpluses, and not on consumer's gain. This conclusion throws a dark light upon the LDCs as they have yet to develop their agrarian sector and cannot deprive themselves of the surpluses. But if they don't, they do not participate fairly to world trade. It is a bad circle. "
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Food During The Great Depression, 2006.
A review of the impact that the Great Depression had on the agricultural industry of the USA.
1,033 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the foods that were eaten during the Great Depression. The paper explores the Depression and how it impacted the food market. The paper then explores what types of foods were eaten and how they were rationed during this difficult era.
Outline:
Introduction
What Happened
Impact on Farmers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These drastic reductions in prices caused farmers to become behind in payments and many farms began to go through foreclosure. The farmers fought to stay on the land. In some cases it had to do with the family farm being part of their heritage, while in other cases they knew instinctively if they gave up the farm they would not be able to feed their families. "
"Farmers as a whole did not have the education needed to understand how the Great Depression impacted the market. Government agencies tried to teach farmers to begin growing with a supply and demand mindset. "
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Taiwan Banking Industry, 2006.
A review of the Taiwanese economic history and how it influenced Taiwan's banking industry.
4,302 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper takes an in-depth look at the factors that have affected the Taiwanese banking industry and help to shape and mold it into the 'tiger' it is today. According to the paper, Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy that is gradually requiring decreased guidance on investment and foreign trade from the national government. The paper discusses how in time, government-owned banks and industrial companies became privatized, mainly as a result of the export industry.
From the Paper
"Taking control for Asian buyout investors did not only extend the lives of failing companies but also realized a high level of profits in the first half of 2005 (AltAssets 2005).In the first six months, divestments earned US$13.5 billion, 71% of which came out of "control" deals. There were, however, problems confronted by buyout investors. Buying out was a strange concept to Asian companies, which would not cede control of their business to foreign institutions. An exception is South Korea, where foreign-led buyouts proved successful early in the experimental stage and accounted for the turn-around of its economic crisis at the end of the last decade. It was, however, a different situation in Taiwan. The Taiwan banking sector was always an attraction to foreign buyout investors because of its combined assets at approximately US$750 billion, one of the largest in Asia. It was largely government-controlled, overcrowded and fragmented. The government claimed 50-60% ownership of the assets of these 48 banks. None of them had a market share of more than 10% and was, therefore, not a major player in the island or the region. Yet the government was willing to introduce foreign and local investors to hasten the consolidation of the industry. In May that year, Taiwan's Financial Supervisory Commission revised the rules, which would allow foreign financial companies to take full ownership of domestic banks. After selling 20% equity state of Changhwa Commercial Bank to the local Tashin Financial Holdings, the government privatized its holdings in Taiwan Business Bank, the 9th largest by assets. Taiwan Business Bank was far behind Hong Kong's Hang Seng Bank and Singapore's DBS Bank. Unlike the Changhwa Bank, which attracted foreign investors, such as Japan's Shinsei Bank and The Carlyle Group, Taiwan Business Bank attracted three local financial groups, such as E. Sun Financial Holding Company, Mega Financial Holding Company and Fubon Financial Holding in the government sale of its 43% holdings. It was a frustration to the Ministry of Finance and half of its almost 5,000 employees expressed deep apprehension towards the sale and went on strike in order to demand better benefits for themselves. The bank's business chairman resigned 10 days later, apparently because of his inability to introduced changes. The failure of takeover in the Taiwan Business Bank sent clear and powerful resistance from vested parties who saw that their interests were under threat. But the government would not give up despite this failure. It rallied by inviting bids for a majority state of China Shipbuilding Corporation, the island's largest shipbuilding company, and kept its hopes high that the move would prosper (AltAssets)."
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Poverty in Third World Countries, 2006.
A discussion regarding poverty in third world and developing countries and the impact that it has on globalization.
2,157 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explores and discusses poverty in third world countries and in developing countries. The paper also takes a look at how poverty effects globalization. The paper further discusses Michel Chossudovsky's "The Globalization of Poverty".
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Globalization of Poverty
India's Experience With The 'Special' Funding of Agriculture
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not long after Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in November,1991, World Bank structural adjustment loans and IMF loans were signed. "The loans were earmarked for repayment of six months of debt servicing of India's external debt totaling $80 billion, the loans helped stem a crisis of confidence on the part of international lenders." The work of Chossudovsky (1997) states that "The economy suffered from stagflation, the price of rice increasing by more than 50 percent in the months following the 1991 measures and balance-of payments continued to deteriorate as rising import costs were not able to be offset by a decline in imports of essential commodities or an increase in exports. The negative effects of the program on internal demand pushed a large number of firms into bankruptcy. The program resulted in dismissal of roughly one-fifth of the public sector work force with only a very modest "safety net". More "liberal" labor legislation may have marginalized further lower wage employees and landless farm workers as wages for these groups came under pressure while consumer prices rose." (Chossudovsky, 1997) Chossudovsky holds that "the program may well have contributed to a two-tier economy of increasing poverty for some and growing opportunity for others." (Chossudovsky, )"
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Marx and Nietzsche, 2006.
This paper uses the author's experience as a sales clerk at a department store to illustrate the theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, from a Marxian perspective, the sales clerk position personifies issues surrounding control of the means of production such as the lack of incentive for the lowest level workers (the clerks) when contrasted with the benefits and bonuses available to those who controlled the means of production (the store owners). The author points out that Nietzsche would interpret the positions of the workers versus the owners as a moral "trickle-down" debate. The paper relates that similarities between the concepts of Marx and Nietzsche are their beliefs that men themselves formulate societal constructs and that these constructs are divided into classifications of master/slave (Nietzsche) or proletariat/bourgeoisie (Marx).
From the Paper
"The proletarians of Marx must consent at some level to being ruled, and until they consciously and voluntarily "unite" and rise up against their oppressors, they continue to tacitly agree to being ruled. A parallel with this concept of agreeing to be ruled by the wealthier (or "master," to use Nietzsche's wording) is a realization of the power actually wielded by lower level workers when they choose to united against unfair treatment. Had the sales clerks formed a united front against the unfair pay scale for our labors and demanded a commission scale or similar compensation for our labor, management would have been hard pressed to replace twenty plus clerks overnight."
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Thailand's Currency Crisis, 2007.
This paper examines Thailand's currency crisis in light of its background, the reasons behind the crisis, and its immediate effect and aftermath.
3,091 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the currency crisis in Thailand, which started in the summer of 1997 and rapidly engulfed a number of East Asian "Tiger economies" in a major financial crisis. This crisis became a an interesting case study for economists who were interested in analyzing the pros and cons of globalization and laissez faire market economies. The author further examines the effects of the East Asian currency crisis, on Thailand itself, which underwent a painful re-adjustment of its economy.
Outline:
Background
The Danger Signals
Foreign Exchange Reserves
Current Accounts Deficit
Excessive Credit Expansion
Why Did the Growth Slow Down?
The Housing and Real Estate Bubble
The Stock Market Bubble
The Crisis
The Aftermath of the Crisis for Thailand
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The country took a number of measures to attract foreign capital during the 1980 and early 1990s. These included lifting of restrictions on foreign investments, elimination of most barriers on foreign ownership of export oriented industries, granting of tax incentives to foreign mutual funds and investments in the stock market, creation of closed-end mutual funds, and reduction of taxes on dividends remitted abroad (Antczak 40-41). These measures along with a pegged exchange rate policy (i.e., the Thai currency baht was pegged to the dollar and its value rose and fell with dollar's value), and the large differential in interest rates provided comfort to foreign investors who came to Thailand in droves. "
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China's Economy, 2007.
This paper is a literature review of the development of the economy of China.
3,950 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Chiang Kai-Shek believed that the imperialism and colonialism of the "Unequal Treaties" with Britain, Japan, the U.S. and Russia were a major reason for China's inability to develop any kind of an economy during the early part of the 20th Century. The author points out that, since the 1980s, China has been encouraging foreign investment by using "special economic zones" for foreign business, joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) and opening foreign competition with Chinese manufacturers especially in the retail petroleum sector. The paper concludes that the RAND Corporation's study of China's economy stresses that a major risk to the continued rapid growth of China's economy is the fragility of its financial system and state-owned businesses.
Table of Contents
Review of China's Recent Economic Past
Chiang Kai-Shek
Introduction to Today's China and the Chinese Economy
Sectors of the Chinese Economy That Are Expected to Grow in the Future
Manufacturing
Manufacturing (Electronics)
Manufacturing (Automobiles)
Energy (Oil)
Future Forecast for China's Petroleum Industry
Future Forecast for China Petroleum Development
Energy (Natural Gas)
Proposed Pipeline
Energy (Coal)
Future Forecast
Energy (Electricity)
Environmental Price in the Energy Sector
Clean-Up China's air pollution,
Financial (Foreign Transactions in China)
Financial (Banking)
Challenges Facing the Chinese Economic Outlook
Fragility of the Financial System and State-Owned Businesses
From the Paper
"China is the world's most populous nation and the "second largest energy consumer" in the world, right after the United States, according to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy. China's dominant fuel at the present time is coal; China produces more coal - and consumes more coal - than any country on the planet. China also has recently passed Japan as the second-biggest consumer of petroleum, and China is a huge player in oil markets."
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