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Canada's Development Policy, 2007.
This paper provides a critical commentary of Canada's International Policy Statement on Development (2005).
2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines Canada's International Policy Statement on Development (CIPSD 2005) while making reference to a range of scholarly materials from the field of development. The writer also refers to specific commentaries upon the document from organizations with specific interests in the drafting and implementation of development policy. The paper argues that the document is notably lacking in specifics with regard to issues such as timetables for aid delivery to meet targeted goals; determination of who Canada's partners should be; how to specifically balance security and development concerns and how development funds should be distributed. In these key areas as well as others, this paper critiques the CIPSD (2005) and presents reasoned recommendations with regard to policy design and implementation.
Outline:
Introduction
A Lack of Precision
Who Should Canada's Partners Be?
Balancing Security and Development
The Distribution of Funds
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At present, the Canadian Partnership Programs assume only about 10% of CIDAs budget. Given the small size of this figure, there is clearly some room for this percentage to increase; especially if - as recommended above - the government makes a realistic commitment to actually meet Canada's long-term 0.07 ODA target. This being said, it may be recommended that the partnerships which will receive this funding be determined on the by representatives from the civil society (NGOs), the public sector (bureaucracy), and the private sector (business). This trilateral model would allow the strengths and weakness of the various groups to complement each other; combining the institutional memory of the bureaucracy, with the focus on the "bottom line" of business, and the commitment to progressive development of civil society. This balance would, it may be argued, help to ensure that no one ideological perspective assumed exclusive preeminence over Canadian development policy."
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Peace Bridge, 2007.
The paper discusses the Peace bridge and looks at the proposal of a new additional bridge.
2,152 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Peace Bridge spans the Niagara River and links the cities of Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York. The writer points out that this bridge is considered a critical link for cross-border commercial traffic with considerable economic significance for the region. The paper explains that the bridge was built in 1927, has three traffic lanes and sidewalks, and has been well-maintained so it is in excellent condition. The writer points out that the proposal to construct a new bridge that would cross the river is not due to damage to the existing bridge but to the limited capacity of the roadways on the bridge.
From the Paper
"Someone designed the highway, while no one designed the space under the bridge. Such extra spaces are often created with such large-scale projects. This space is not likely to be useful in the current project to add three lanes of traffic to the existing bridge, though a more useful design for this space could be included at the same time to improve the area."
"The current bridge is a 3,600-foot steel truss built in 1927. The bridge is made up of five arched spans crossing the Niagara River, with an added through-truss span crossing the Black Rock Canal on the American side. The bridge was built of tons of steelwork and concrete abutments to hold it. The bridge was built to relieve traffic on the International Railway Bridge erected in 1873. The construction had to overcome the swift river current in that area, running at about twelve miles per hour. It is hoped that an addition to the bridge can increase traffic by one-third."
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The Rise of Japan, 2007.
This paper explores the factors behind the rise of Japan as a major industrial power after World War II.
1,555 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the major policy initiatives which made Japan's explosive growth after WWII possible and examines factors such as location, natural resources, demographics and international relations in order to assess how they allowed Japan to overcome its war-torn past. The paper shows how the rise of Japan was because of the country's talented bureaucrats who worked to put in place an economic program of rationalization, state-business co-operation and selective cartelization that allowed targeted growth sectors to expand.
From the Paper
"For one thing, one of Japan's greatest resources has always been its human resources - even Japan's robust birth rate and growth during the middle third of the twentieth century has given way to a much more pedestrian birth rate that now sees the number of elderly climbing while the young fall steadily as a percentage of the population (Foreign Press Center Japan, sec.1-3). In any case, while rapid population growth probably played somewhat of a role in Japan's rise to economic superpower status after about 1950, it was (and remains) the quality rather than quantity of its human resources which has determined and will continue to determine its fate."
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Trade and Human Development, 2007.
This paper examines a human development approach to trade policy.
961 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the benefits of a human development approach to trade policy, but also notes that unrestricted trade can have significant negative components for workers in both developed and especially developing countries. The paper discusses how a gender analysis can be incorporated into a broader human development approach. The paper explains that an awareness of the role of gender in the process of developing trade policies is not simply a matter of equity or justice, but also of critical importance to economic development.
From the Paper
"A human development to economic growth and trade policy is a relatively new economic model that is the endpoint of a long tradition of human-centred economics. This approach centers people and people's needs at the core of the economic processes; as their subject and not their object. While this understanding of economics is relatively new in many respects - with the first United Nations Human Development Report being published in 1990 - the basic features of this approach have been concerns of preeminent economic thinkers such as Smith, Mill, Marx and Malthus for generations (UNDP 2003, 22-23)."
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The Global South and the Global North, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of globalization on the inequality between the global north and the global south.
1,402 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at globalization and discusses how it has exacerbated the pre-existing inequalities between the poor global south and the wealthy global north. It illustrates how globalization forces some people (predominantly in the southern regions of the planet) to work while permitting other people (predominantly individuals residing in the global north) to become wealthy.
From the Paper
"To start with, it is commonly known that powerful multinational corporations in the global north habitually take their manufacturing operations from Europe and/or America and deposit those aforementioned manufacturing operations in global south countries where they can avoid the onerous regulatory regimes, high corporate taxes, and high wage costs they associate with the north. At the same time, the movement of jobs and plants to the south has the unhappy effect of not only costing workers jobs in the north but also of reducing the south to the subordinate position of being "hewers of wood and drawers of water" for multinationals that are looking for cheap human resources that can be utilized in a working environment that is more permissive than the highly-regulated work environments of America and/or Europe. A good example of this phenomenon can be found in the IT sector where skilled U.S. workers are losing jobs to individuals overseas (Sosbe, 4) - presumably because the "cost of doing business" vis-a-vis wage expenses is lower in global south nations which do not have a strong tradition of labor activism or of government involvement in employee-employer relations."
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Chinese Currency Policy, 2007.
An analysis of the aspects of China's monetary policy that have been used to indirectly influence Chinese positions in terms of international relations and foreign policy.
1,174 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Chinese monetary policy is utilized as a foreign policy device for very specific gains in international relations and looks at how this differs from other countries' monetary policy. The paper focuses on the managed float of the Chinese currency, the Renminbi (RMB) and discusses the other aspects of China's monetary policy that have been used to indirectly influence Chinese positions in terms of international relations and foreign policy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Hypotheses
Policy Relevance
Articles for Review
Critical Analysis of Articles
From the Paper
"Authors Voon and Frankel examine certain aspects of China's exchange rate and currency policies. Voon, et al, in "Does China Really Lose From RMB Revaluation? Evidence From Some Export Industries," argues that China's managed float may not be necessary to protect China's export sector. Frankel examines China's exchange rate policy and strategy from a strict economist's perspective and makes the argument that a country has the right and obligation to choose whatever currency regime it feels benefits the nation and its citizens the most. Frankel examines the exchange rate policy from the perspective of alternate strategies such as expenditure reduction as well as interest rate manipulation. The import of his article is that while China benefits from its controlled exchange rate policy, it also has an obligation to do so but should consider alternate strategies since its currency and its economy has become so important to the global economy."
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Trade and Global Markets, 2007.
An analysis of how free trade, market liberalization and developing markets are all inter-related with gender-based factors.
783 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes free trade and market liberalization in terms of the central role women play in market activity and their definitive exclusion from many of the resultant benefits. It shows how free trade, market liberalization and developing markets are all inter-related with gender- based factors. The paper then discusses the gender-related development index (GDI) compiled by the United Nations.
Table of Contents:
Human Development Approaches
Gender Based Perspectives
Trade Impacts on Gender
Gender Based Reform
From the Paper
"One unique aspect of the human development perspective vis-a-vis free trade and market liberalization is the central role women play in market activity but also their definitive exclusion from many of the resultant benefits. Past research has illustrated the fact that women, who work in factories contributing both time and labor as well as taxes and spending, are, more often than not, treated as second class citizens in their home markets ("Gender" 1995). This inequality is manifest in women's access to the same education benefits, healthcare treatment, and nutrition services ("Gender" 1995). One of the most unfortunate aspects to this disparity in treatment based on gender is that women are also tasked with caring for the children in these societies and thus, children are also indirectly denied equality of treatment and basic human dignities."
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Free Trade and Liberalization, 2007.
An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of free trade.
802 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the argument about free trade that has been taking place over the last several hundred years. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of free trade and suggests that free trade is not only necessary, but also beneficial to the overall improvement to quality of life in all markets. The paper concludes that emerging and developing markets should gradually liberalize their markets, but only after they are allowed to develop the physical and technological infrastructure that will allow them to compete on an equal footing with the most developed markets.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Free Trade
Issues and Arguments
Position Statement
From the Paper
"Because of the cautionary tales of sudden capital outflows in developing and emerging markets, these countries should build some sort of protections into their financial markets to prevent sudden cash outflows. While many analysts would argue these types of structures are protectionist in nature, these markets would be well-advised to erect them. It would be foolish to do otherwise. While no one is arguing for trade barriers per se, the financial markets within which trade occurs in these emerging markets must be protected from foreign investors who are not interested in long-term returns and thus are inclined to drop out of the market at the first sign of a slowdown or financial trouble. Emerging and developing markets should gradually liberalize their markets but only after they are allowed to develop the physical and technological infrastructure that will allow them to compete on an equal footing with the most developed markets."
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Marx and Weber, 2007.
This paper examines the differences in Max Weber and Karl Marx's ideas about the economic structure of modern capitalism.
720 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Max Weber and Karl Marx disagreed in basic ways with regard to the origins, dynamics and future of capitalism. The paper explains that Karl Marx saw capitalism and all of human history in primarily economic terms. The paper compares this to Weber who saw the origins of capitalism as lying in particular cultural attributes of Calvinism and Puritanism.
From the Paper
"Karl Marx saw capitalism, and all of human history, in primarily economic terms. From this perspective, the origins of capitalism lay in a process of conflict and economic progress that spanned all of human history. As Marx saw it: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle" (Marx 473). This did not mean, however, that capitalism had existed throughout all of history. Marx saw capitalism as a relatively recent stage of development in human economic history that was associated with the rise of the bourgeois class as the dominant ruling class in society. Capitalism came about as the bourgeois class began accumulating more and more capital and, with it, control over the means of production society. As an inevitable result of this process, Marx saw that the bourgeois were reducing all other classes in society that had previously existed into one proletariat which was subjugated and control by the bourgeois (Marx 475)."
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Marx, Weber and Capitalism, 2007.
This paper critically examines Karl Marx and Max Weber's differing views on capitalism.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Karl Marx and Max Weber differ significantly in their views upon the origins, dynamics and future of capitalism. The paper relates that while Marx's and Weber's views on capitalism contain some points of general similarity, Marx is exclusively economic in his analysis, while Weber is willing to balance economics with culture.
From the Paper
"It should be noted that while Marx and Weber disagree about many of aspects of capitalism, they are in agreement with respect to a few main points. For example, it is clear that both regard capitalism - as least within their own periods of writing - as a modern European phenomenon. However, their explanations for this are very different. Marx views capitalism purely in economic terms, and regards it as being predominantly a European phenomenon because Europe was the most economically advanced society of his time. In Marx's The Class Struggles in France he even indicates how national and regional differences in economic development necessarily determine the rate at which European societies are progressing towards revolutionary conditions (Marx 593)."
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Harrington and Democratic Socialism, 2007.
This paper reviews Michael Harrington's views on poverty and capitalism.
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at Harrington's beliefs about democratic socialism and how they differed from the views of the leftist radicals who emerged on U.S. college campuses in the 1960s. The paper examines the future Harrington predicts for modern capitalism and evaluates Harrington's concept of economic democracy. The paper shows how Harrington differs from the liberalism which was prevalent prior to 1963. The paper is of the opinion that a critique of Harrington's work reveals a thinker with uncommon insight.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Harrington's views with regards to democratic socialism are different from the leftist views espoused by 1960s radicals - and this is a good thing as we shall see. Most notably, when Harrington tried to convert the new campus radicals of that decade to democratic socialism (a mode of thinking which appears to favor local and community involvement in economic decision-making as well as a sort of participatory democracy wherein people take control of the "means of production" at the local and individual level), they informed him that they found the "unnecessary historical baggage" of Harrington's brand of socialism unappealing; they also informed him that the new liberal radicalism being championed by baby-boomers sought a new diction and politics and was uncomfortable with the anti-communism and statism that dominated Harrington's more "traditional" social democracy. In the same vein, the New Left of the 1960s haughtily dismissed the Old Left's alliance with Democratic Party liberalism and trade unions (Dorrien, para.10 and 28). The schism between Harrington and the young student leaders of the 1960s reflects his wisdom and their folly."
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The Outsourcing Phenomenon, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship of the Bush administration to outsourcing, insourcing and off-shoring.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the growing phenomenon of outsourcing. It describes and analyzes the economic paradigm in which the two corporate strategies of outsourcing and off-shoring can exist. The paper also discusses the characterizations of globalization and how this relates to outsourcing, insourcing and off-shoring. Finally, the paper discusses the Bush administration's involvement with outsourcing.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Outsourcing/Insourcing
The Necessity of Outsourcing
The Necessity of Insourcing
The Bush Administration and Outsourcing
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Future trends in outsourcing, off-shoring, and insourcing will reflect the growing attention paid to IP and core business competencies. Business process outsourcing that relies on automated IT solutions will continue to be grow in outplacement while some business transformation IT activities, such as customized business solutions and optimized IT platforms will be insourced or simply kept in-house (Hormozi, Hostetler & Middleton, 2003). Another is that outsourcing that will grow relative to IT applications is application management outsourcing where duplicate applications are brought under the management of single applications and platforms through the use of a 3rd party provider (Taylor, 2002). These trends will increasingly crystallize into core business strategies."
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China's Central Monetary Policy, 2007.
A an analysis of China's monetary policy and currency control.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's monetary policy and the role of the People's Bank of China (PBC) in its currency control. It discusses China's economic growth and development, as well as the political environment in China and how this affects the economy. The paper specifically focuses on China's economic policies with regard to how they affect their relations with the United States.
Table of Contents:
Overview
China's Economic Growth
Political Dimensions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The political environment in China has been radically altered since Hu Jintao was appointed President. Most recently, China's economic growth, coupled with its long history of graft and corruption, has allowed President Hu to consolidate his power even further. Shanghai's Governor, Qin Yu, has been accused by state investigators of corruption, bribe-taking, and graft and since he was a former ally of Hu's predecessor, his position in the Communist Party and his political position as Governor over one of China's most prosperous regions afforded him little protection (Dyer pars.3-7). Thus, indirectly, China's economic growth which is underpinned by its currency policies, have been co-opted by the political establishment."
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Cross-Cultural Trade, 2007.
A review of Philip Curtin's "Cross-Cultural Trade in World History".
1,668 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Philip Curtin's critically-acclaimed text, "Cross-Cultural Trade in World History". In particular, the paper evaluates a significant issue found within the body of the text and analyzes Curtin's treatment of it. The paper also provides the author's personal opinion on the subject. In addition, the paper emphasizes Curtin's point that trade among peoples never entails merely the exchange of goods; rather, it entails the creation of cultural linkages, as well as the forging of new ideas courtesy of the collision of different modes of thinking.
From the Paper
"To close, this paper has looked at cross-cultural trade as discussed in Philip D. Curtin's excellent 1984 text, Cross-Cultural Trade in World History. Although Curtin does seem to fall short in some respects - he clearly fails to draw links between the past and the present at appropriate times (at least in the view of this writer) - the book is an excellent "run-down" of cross-cultural trade and how cultural, intellectual and (more arguably) technological transmission flowed from economic exchange. In the end, the paper is an important contribution to a worthwhile debate."
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Softwood Lumber and Free Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the the Softwood Lumbar Agreement and free trade agreements between Canada and the United States.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Softwood Lumbar Agreement between Canada and the United States. It describes the different interests of the federal and the provincial governments in the Agreement and the implication of the Agreement for the federal government of Canada. The paper discusses Canada's objectives in entering into the Free Trade Agreements with the United States. It argues that Canadian interests are not being served by the free trade agreements. Finally, the paper looks at the the Alberta Softwood Lumber Trade Council and its representation on Canadian interests.
From the Paper
"Clearly, the diverse range of the ASLTC's disagreements with the proposed agreement do not offer much room for compromise. In order to address these problems, it would seem that the entire agreement would have to be opened up and the U.S. government "forced" to accept a much longer term agreement (unlikely); that the rest of Canada should recognize Alberta's particular circumstances with a pest (unlikely); and that someone should refund the Alberta industry its $100 million in legal fees (unlikely). Clearly, this interest group reflect the general intransigence of single-issue interest groups. Moreover, the fact that it is not bothering to advocate directly to the federal government, but is instead using its influence on the provincial government of Alberta to get the province to lobby the federal government for changes reflects its narrow basis of support in one province and in one sector of a provincial industry (ASLTC)."
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