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WTO Trade, 2007.
A review of the debate over the outcome of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and global trade on developing nations.
839 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two distinct views of the World Trade Organization(WTO) and global trade. The paper first discusses the argument that global trade is the means by which developing nations have the opportunity to create functioning economies that will result in higher standards of living. It then looks at the argument that the repercussions of prosperity have maintained inequality and developing nations continue to serve the interests of the large and powerful nations. The paper looks briefly at the coffee industry to help illustrate these views. The paper is written in the narrative form and presents the writer's opinion on the issues.
From the Paper
"Phillippe Legrain's argument divides the issue of global trade into contradictory positions; either you support the WTO and helping poor nations develop or you do not and public demonstrations are in his opinion, an indication of questionable agendas. However, this is too simplistic, there is more to trade as is indicated by Legrain's statement that countries are given the opportunity to raise their citizenry out of poverty or protect their natural resources and air quality (8). Working for slave wages in the coffee fields is still no way to live and it behooves a civilized society to demand fair trade even if it costs us a few dollars more ("Blackcoffee")."
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The Euro vs. the Dollar, 2007.
This paper explores the impact of the Euro on U.S. monetary policy.
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Euro vis-a-vis its impact on U.S. monetary and financial policy. The paper reveals that the Euro is currently performing well on the open currency markets and its strength versus the dollar is strong. The paper discusses how U.S. monetary policy, as guided by the Federal Reserve, has been forced to adjust its policy to accommodate the stronger Euro and its impact on trade and foreign relations.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
U.S. Economic Policy
Exchange Rate Effects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In spite of its weak introduction, the Euro has become a major international currency on a par with the U.S. dollar, the British pound, and the Japanese Yen. The concept of a unified European currency has its origins in post World-War II Europe that was severely damaged, both economically and socially, by the ravages of the German war machine as well as the various political tyrannies that had led up to the war (Harrop, 1999). The Euro as a model of single-currency for the European Union was largely formalized in the Maastricht treaty of 1992 where the European Union became a reality rather than a pipedream (Harrop, 1999). The Euro was the conception of the 12 original European member states and was spear-headed by the Council of the European Union and the European Commission that set the formula for deciding the conversion rates at implementation (Pomfret, 2005). While initially weak on the open currency markets, the Euro quickly established itself as viable common currency regime for the EU and it has become a factor in many world economies and especially that of the U.S. economy."
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NAFTA Vs. the European Union, 2007.
This paper explores continental nationalism and trade policy agendas, focusing on NAFTA and the European Union.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why the countries of the North American zone; Canada, the United States and Mexico joined together as an economic bloc and why European nations chose to re-constitute themselves into a single political and economic bloc after the Second World War. The paper then examines how economic integration between the European and North American countries has been and is pursued. The paper compares NAFTA to the European Union and explores the tensions between the two powerful trading blocs and where their tense relationship appears to be headed.
Outline:
Introduction
The North American Free Trade Agreement
The European Union: Its Origins, its "Unity-Based" Agenda, and its Collective Trade Policy
Comparing NAFTA with the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The "official" reasons for the emergence of the North American Free Trade Agreement are stated in Article 102 of the document. Specifically, the document states that all three signatories wish to eliminate barriers in trade and to facilitate the free movement of goods and services across the boundaries of the various territories. Article 102 also makes it clear that NAFTA is meant to promote "fair competition" and to increase investment opportunities for all three nations. As importantly as anything else, the document also delineates that the free trade accord is meant to ensure that intellectual property rights and the enforcement of intellectual property rights is carried out effectively and vigorously in all of the ratifying nations."
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Canadian Owned Investment, 2007.
This paper discusses how free trade affected Canadian-owned capital.
2,878 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the historic patterns of Canadian-owned investment capital since the middle of the last century and explores how investment patterns were impacted by the arrival of the Free Trade Agreement. Specifically, the paper delves into which industries appear to be receiving Canadian investment capital, which ones are not, if that investment capital is staying in Canada, who among Canadian investment capital owners appear to be benefiting from the free trade regime, and what the future holds for Canadian-owned capital and those who determine to which ends it is put. In the final analysis, the writer maintains that Canadian-owned capital, largely because of free trade, will become more internationalized, more concentrated in service sectors, and more aggressively invested.
Outline:
Introduction
Historic Patterns of Canadian-Owned Capital Investment - From the 1950s Onward
The Introduction of Free Trade: How it Impacted Canadian-Owned Capital
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As one might expect, Canadians have long sent their disposable investment capital south of the border; indeed, by about the middle of the twentieth century, Canadians were sending more investment capital to America than they were to any other country. By the early 1960s, Canadians also constituted the largest group of foreigners engaging in "issue borrowing" in New York - so it is evident that many Canadian investors and borrowers preferred to deal with New York at least much as they did Toronto or Montreal. Naturally, this investment approach rather complicated nationalist policies put forward by Canadian governments which would have preferred that investment monies remain in Canada."
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Property Tax, 2007.
This paper explores the issues pertaining to property tax in Canada.
2,137 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, in Canada, taxes are higher across the board than in many other developed markets, thus property tax issues are especially problematic. The paper explains how property tax is calculated and why property taxes are continually under attack from various public and private entities. The paper discusses areas that a tax authority or municipality can consider for reform and maintains that the methodology behind property tax determination is a process that should be under constant official scrutiny in order to create not only consistency but faith in the system.
Outline:
Introduction
Property Assessment
Assessment Characteristics
Local Perspectives
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Property tax in general, no matter the market, is generally a contentious issue. However, in Canada, where taxes average higher across the board than in many other developed markets, they are especially problematic. In Canada, property taxes are usually determined by two factors: 1) an overall tax rate which is determined by the local taxing authorities or the local municipal governments within the Provinces, and 2) a property's given value which is assessed by the local municipal assessing agency ("Property" a). The fact remains that property tax no matter how contentious is still Canada's primary source of local and provincial revenues. Statistics Canada reports that as recently as 2003 property taxes constituted 35% of local municipality revenues in all provinces ("Property" b). Yet, this burden on the average citizen appears to be on the increase rather than the decrease and there is much speculation as to how the Canadian economy can continue to expand in such a heavily taxed environment."
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Business Development in Haiti, 2007.
An analysis of the history and political environment in Haiti and how that is affecting the development of new business in the country.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the possibilities for business development in Haiti. It outlines the country's development environment and uses this to describe possibilities for opening and operating new businesses. The paper begins by discussing Haiti's colonial heritage and its history of failed authoritarian government and economic chaos. The paper finally shows how development of business and economy in Haiti is closely linked with political stability and internal security, mobility and resources.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Culture, Geography and History
Government and Politics
Business Development
From the Paper
"In Haiti, development of business and economy is closely linked with political stability and internal security, mobility, and resources. Without addressing these concerns, outside businesses will not relocate to Haiti and the poor local and uneducated local population will not have the resources to overcome obstacles to self-direct their own development. The nation has many natural allies. Its proximity to the U.S. and Canada offer it a market for its products and a generally reliable provider of aid. However, without addressing internal problems, Haiti cannot count on these resources to be extended and cannot expect them to be successfully deployed toward sustainable development. Fortunately, recent evidence suggests that Haiti's government system may be reaching a point of critical understanding in which hopes and promises of development may finally be realized (Charles)."
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Canadian Employment Prospects, 2007.
This paper looks at employment prospects for university graduates in Canada.
1,212 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the employment prospects of university graduates. Among some of the applicable data addressed are overall employment figures related to unemployment rates, characteristics of the labor force and employment by sector. The conclusion is that while technology is one of the most promising prospects to take university training in, it is also one of the most susceptible to the global employment strategies of offshoring and outsourcing. However, the writer points out that the majority of industries in the Canadian economy rely on sectors that typically require university training or graduation. The writer concludes that while there are certainly other avenues towards developing valuable skills applicable in the marketplace, increasingly, one of the best places to acquire those skills is in the university setting and certainly through graduation from a structured academic program in a given field or industry.
Outline:
Overview
Employment Trends
Prospects by Industry
Employment Outlook
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Recent trends in the Canadian employment sector reveal an active employment market for university graduates who are graduating from certain fields and concentrations. The inverse of these observations is that university graduates who graduate in fields or concentrations that have little relevance to the economic activity driving the overall market, are at a disadvantage and quickly develop a detachment from the workforce as research at the University of Alberta has indicated. However, simply having completed a university program through graduation does seem to imply that the employment prospects for the individual doing so are more promising than those who have not."
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New Inequality in the People's Republic of China, 2007.
An analysis of the socioeconomic and regional disparity that has occurred in the People's Republic of China.
828 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the reform era in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the resulting disparity and inequality that has occurred. It specifically discusses the socioeconomic disparity rooted in the varied ability of people to take up capitalist activities. It also looks at the regional disparity in the PRC, owing to past patterns of economic activity, location and acumen.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Acumen, Consumption and Class
Regional Disparities and the Future
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"New wealth, foreign investment, and strong export markets are achievements but some timeless problems of old China are not being solved and may grow worse in the future. Scholars of disparity describe its growth in class and regional terms, in a civilization that has often known very large class differences and regional identities. The CCP "empire" may yet break down, its myths of citizen equality and building a new China not working any more. The militarization of the PRC since the 1990s has caused some foreign alarm in a state project that engages millions of ordinary Chinese, directly or indirectly, but where will this lead, and what about guarantees for the poor that the CCP once offered? Why are people from the north-west on the move, forming camps in the capital? Why do Mongols and others trade beyond the PRC border, ignoring what the centre wants? Need the conditions of workers be so rough, despite recent efforts to clean up industrial pollution? These are questions that all involve aspects of disparity in the present PRC and also, point to realities that are extremely old, depending on how one sees China. It seems wiser to remember a China of many centuries' patterns, rather than an economic boom of less than 30 years' standing."
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Child Labor, 2007.
An analysis of the negative implications of child labor for the economic development of a country.
807 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that child labor has a negative impact on a country's economic development. The paper discusses the reasons why child labor is used and how children find themselves in a situation where they can be exploited. It describes the negative impact that child labor has on the child and his family, as well as on society, due to lack of schooling and other problems for these children.
From the Paper
"Whilst children are often forced into work to aid their family financially, the result of child labor can sometimes be the opposite. Though children generally work for poverty reasons, they are not well paid. Children are exploited in that they are forced to work for long hours for low pay. Bonded labor, for instance, occurs when a family takes an advance payment (usually quite low, sometimes as little as U.S. $15) to hand a child over to an employer. Typically in these cases the child cannot "work off" this debt and the family can rarely raise the money to reclaim their child (Human Rights Watch). Workplaces are also typically structured so that workplace "expenses" are deducted from the child's earnings and the family cannot earn a reasonable amount of money. In some cases, contracts exist so that labor is generational, e.g. a child may be sold into labor on the condition that their offspring and their offspring's offspring work for the employer for free (Human Rights Watch). This perpetuates a cycle of negative economic activity to the detriment of the family and the country. Bonded labor has been proven to exist amongst millions of child workers in India alone (in the Human Rights Watch 2003 report)."
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The Banana War, 2007.
This paper examines the eight year dispute between the United States (US) and the European Union (EU), known as the Banana War.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Banana War and the role of the major players over the eight year dispute. The paper examines the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its paradoxical mandate to have 'fair' competition and provide an arena for objective negotiations. The paper shows how the Banana War highlighted the dynamics of globalization, the workings of the WTO and the politics of international economic activities.
Outline:
Introduction
Dynamics of the Banana War
World Trade Organization: Role in the Banana War and Dispute-Settlement
'Players' of the Banana War
Conclusion: The 'Banana Split'
From the Paper
"The 'Banana War' provides the platform to explore the concept of international economics, within the paradigm of political economics. That is, with a history embedded in colonialism, which some say caused the economic collapse of African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries (Capella, 2005); shouldn't the EU be responsible for the economic health of these regions? If so, preferential treatment to these regions, was not illegal, but was in-fact justified. However, in a globalized world, with the laws of demand and supply dictating economic policy, should an uncompetitive player be allowed to remain in the market, due to protectionism? If no, then the US was well within its right to seek retribution for losses they incurred. These complex issues and questions will be analyzed and answered in the following sections."
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Social Welfare, Globalization and Great Britain, 2007.
A research proposal examining the impact of globalization on the European welfare state.
759 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The author discusses a research proposal that will focus on the impact of globalization on Great Britain, particularly in terms of input and policy issues relating to social welfare. The author plans to study political conditions in Great Britain before and after globalization emerged in order to determine why the social welfare state developed differently in Great Britain compared to other Western European states. The author also discusses the type of source materials he/she will use.
From the Paper
"Taking this approach will enable me to determine why the social welfare state developed differently in Great Britain compared to other Western European states. In general terms, it was directly experienced by every citizen through higher taxes or social welfare economic relief as it evolved throughout Western Europe, but there was a considerable difference in social welfare policies and structure between these countries because of different political, economic, social, and cultural factors unique to each of them."
"The type of materials I plan to use will include political science, economics, history, and sociology texts, for these sources will provide information regarding the presence or absence of powerful trade union movements, the motivations of elites, the influence of external threats, the degree of social homogeneity or heterogeneity, the extent of stability or turmoil in the immediate historical context, and the cultural values and traditions of Great Britain. All of these factors influenced the rise and fall of the social welfare state in the UK, so source material focusing on the impact of these factors will have to be consulted and cited."
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A Euro-centric Outlook, 2007.
An analysis of "The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Are Some So Rich and Others So Poor" by David Landes.
1,682 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at David Landes' thesis about the causes of the current highly divergent economic destinies of the world's nations, in his work, "The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Are Some So Rich and Others So Poor". The paper discusses Landes' contention that Europe and other dominant Western societies have prospered because of Western values. The paper summarizes Landes' main arguments, but is of the opinion that although Landes' book is interesting, original and very well written, his arguments are not on the whole convincing. The paper demonstrates how the book is too Europe-biased and downgrades the role of Asian industrial growth.
Outline:
Introduction
The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Summary and Review
Further Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A person who has studied the history of the global economy ought to be able to express his educated opinions. However, does this person's very learnedness mean we have to agree with these opinions? David S. Landes, Emeritus Professor of Economics and former Coolidge Professor of History at Harvard University, is no stranger amongst academic circles. His reputation and reach has even spread further than those interested in economic development, perhaps because of the author's highly controversial opinions. In his book "The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Are Some So Rich and Others So Poor" Landes looks at the potential causes for the current highly divergent economic destinies of the world's nations. In other words, he asks why is it that some nations have flourished while others have floundered? Is it really owing to the geological disparity attributed by many economists and historians?"
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Inflation Targeting, 2007.
This paper discusses inflation targeting, with a focus on Canada.
969 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the approach of trying to control inflation through economic policies or monetary policies is considered inflation targeting. The paper discusses the difference between New Zealand and Canada's policies. The paper shows how the overall framework for inflation targeting has been seen to be extremely important and effective.
From the Paper
"Inflation targeting began in New Zealand, which is truly familiar with the Asian community in terms of developing a small and open economy adjusting to a new capital account, exchange rate and deregulated financial markets. In other words, inflation targeting requires a public message of numerical intentions for price increases for the upcoming years."
"As this may be bothersome to some and may regard inflation as the plague, governments try to censor it by implementing conventional and viable economic and monetary policies. The approach of trying to control inflation through economic policies or monetary policies is considered inflation targeting."
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Corruption and Economic Development, 2007.
This paper explores the levels of corruption in relation to economic development in developing countries.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how political, economic, social and cultural conditions prevailing in a country influence the economic development and the level of corruption. The paper discusses the direct relationship between economic development, corruption and political transition in Mexico, Taiwan, Russia and the People's Republic of China. The paper concludes that there are no easy solutions available for developing countries making the transition from authoritarianism to free-market democracy and struggling to establish viable, stable economies.
From the Paper
"Economic development is often correlated to the degree of corruption, especially in countries struggling to transition from authoritarian rule to free-market democracy. For example, in Mexico and Taiwan, it is evident that correlations exist between economic development and corruption, for the sectors of their economies which are performing the best are the ones most riddled with corrupt relationships between government officials and businessmen in the form of paying bribes or providing kickbacks."
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Culture and Gentrification, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between culture and economics and gentrification according to Jason Hackworth and Josephine Rekers' article, "Ethic Packaging and Gentrification".
1,141 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the arguments found in Jason Hackworth and Josephine Rekers' article, "Ethic Packaging and Gentrification". The paper explains the term gentrification and describes how culture and economics are closely related to the gentrification of ethnically defined urban neighborhoods. The paper then describes the four case neighborhoods used in the study - Little Italy, Corso Italia, Greektown and the Gerrard India Bazaar and discusses if the article's arguments are relevant to them. The paper includes six potential discussion questions and answers at the end.
Table of Contents:
Summary of Relevant Arguments
Criticism and Identification of Gaps
Applications to the GTA
Six Potential Discussion Questions
From the Paper
"The reader of this article who then visits the ethnic neighborhoods will discover that the statements made are verified. Greektown, for example is clearly commercially constructed, just as Italian culture in Little Italy is specifically produced for the sake of the market. However, the GTA is comprised of Durham, Halton, Peel, and York; in order to apply the theory or the findings of the article to the GTA, culture would have to be sufficiently prominent as to become a commodity. If there is not a culture that is unique for an area, then urban space will have to be reinvested on the basis of some other commodity."
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