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| Term Paper # 101318 |
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Saving Social Security: An Economic Analysis, 2005.
An examination of how economic analysis can be used to understand and possibly rectify the crisis within social security.
783 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the need for intervention in the social security program. It explains that failure to address the issues surrounding the changes within the American society might result in the collapse of the retirement fund. The writer advocates that economists need to focus on the macroeconomic issues within the society and devise an optimizing plan that efficiently allocates scarce resources. The writer also looks at policy makers who want to dismantle the program, and others who speculate that the program can be reformed without dismantling and remarks that a change is necessary.
Outline:
Introduction
The Social Security Crisis
Saving Social Security: Recommendations From Economists
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Carson et al, "social security is an ongoing intergenerational transfer mechanism" (page, 161), where the working age population is taxed to support retirees, that is, a pay-as-you-go system. However, America is facing a generational crisis that posits to the demise of the system. The American population is aging and life expectancy is increasing. It is projected that there will be a point where the aging post-employed population will have higher proportions in relation to the younger working population."
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State and Local Tax Issues, 2008.
An analysis of state sales tax and the development of tax policy in the United States.
2,304 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines state and local tax issues in the United States. It begins by analyzing the state sales taxes, describing the history behind the implementation of the tax and how it is viewed in the current economy. The paper then looks at the development of an equitable tax policy and the issues that local and state authorities face today with regards to this policy.
Table of Contents:
Sales Tax
Tax Policy
From the Paper
"Another issue is whether the development of a more equitable tax system would be a proportional tax system in which all taxes are adjusted by real income. This type of tax system is also termed a flat tax system where everyone would pay the same percentage of their income in taxes and regressive tax policies would be reworked to account for income levels (Stocker 147). While some of this might be impractical such as adjusting sales tax by income, the flat tax rate within the progressive tax system is conceivable albeit a difficult challenge for local and state authorities to implement without federal support and oversight to a degree."
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Marx, Weber and Canada, 2007.
This paper compares the theories of Karl Marx's and Max Weber and then attempts to apply their ideas to the reality of Central Canada.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Karl Marx's theories of class include economic, political and cultural/ideological elements as being intrinsically interconnected as compared to Max Weber, who saw the economy as distinct from society and the concept of class as being less important than a person's particular spot in the economy. The author points out that, compared to Weber, Marx's view of class and class distinctions seems to make the mistake of viewing a class as a 'thing' as though all members of the proletariat were the same, had the same ways of seeing their reality or an identical position in the capitalist order. The paper stresses that the drab focus of these and other theorists on race, class, gender and ethnicity, which they hypothesized to be so terribly important in the relation to income and opportunity, is not substantiated when examining the culture of central Canada.
Table of Contents
Marx vs. Weber
The Contemporary Reality in Central Canada
From the Paper
"In fact, if one has observed different parts of central Canadian society, one can object to what is presented in Peter Newman's "The Canadian Establishment". In referring to an 'old money' as opposed to 'new' money culture, a number of remarks appear that require qualification on the part of persons having known menial work. ... There is an equalitarian spirit less often found in other societies in awareness of persons having the struggle of their ancestors to become established or make something of themselves."
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The Public Library in a Community, 2008.
A discussion of the role and benefits of a public library to a community's economic development.
906 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the economic development of communities. It specifically looks at the role and value of public libraries in a community and discusses how they have long been recognized as engendering development and fostering educational initiatives. It then discusses the benefits of specific services that a public library can offer to a community. The paper contains an annotated reading list and a model graphic plan for the library development project.
Table of Contents:
Model Plan Graphic
Primary Issues
Specific Aspects
From the Paper
"While small rural communities can't commit the type of resources to such programs as cities such as San Diego in the U.S. which regularly commit millions of dollars ("San", 2005, p.19), they can build the funding for such services into cooperative funding programs with other initiatives such as establishing chambers of commerce and community action groups. In fact, often the funds exist for such programs but require more effective finance, budgeting strategies and management to make better use of the funds that do exist. McKay (2003, p.15) states that the first objective that community development planners should make is defining what the public library initiative should encompass in regards to fostering economic activity."
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Impact of Globalization, 2008.
This paper discusses the impact of globalization and looks at why the benefits outweigh the risks.
761 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the extraordinary impact of globalization upon the modern world. The writer argues that, while certainly not perfect, the permeable borders globalization makes possible is a key ingredient in making the global south and the entire developing world more prosperous than ever before. The writer maintains that more than that, the technologies associated with globalization - and their dispersal - will surely go a very long way towards reducing environmental degradation in developing lands. The writer concludes that while far from perfect, globalization does bind nations together in a manner that lessens the risk of warfare and strife and the growth of foreign direct investment and comparatively well-paying jobs in facilities built by wealthy foreign multinationals offers families in developing lands economic opportunities they would not have otherwise.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, John A. Powell and S.P. Udayakumar claim that globalization has benefited the global north extravagantly while doing far less for those in the South. Additionally, the aforementioned writers argue that the United States, as the world's one great super-power, has pushed for a global trade agenda that is inimical to the interests of labour at home and abroad. As they see it, the USA has used its disproportionate power in international bodies such as the International Monetary Fund to push for the liberalization of trade and investment at the expense of environmental and labour-force concerns. As well, those same authors insist that democracy suffers in large measure because powerful global institutions committed to furthering the goals of capital effectively undermine the efficacy of the state while, at the same time, globalization prompts the state to serve the bidding of organized capital."
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Law and Economics and Zoning, 2006.
An examination of zoning and how it affects economics.
2,111 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the economic perception of zoning as somehow infringing on the rights of property owners and indirectly interfering with the free market. It explains that some researchers disagree with this perception and say that the primary criticisms directed towards zoning are that zoning is unfair to some property owners to a greater degree than others and therefore inherently biased, and that zoning adds unnecessary and often excessive transaction costs that in effect are economic externals. The writer notes that not having any controls on the economic development of a region would result in commercial activity being developed in or near residential neighborhoods that would negatively impact housing values of all the surrounding neighborhoods. The writer believes that zoning is in itself useful and necessary but there should be a bargaining element introduced that removes sole decisive power from the municipality to one degree or another. The writer concludes that currently there is no alternative to any zoning decision made by municipalities and this is not necessarily good either.
From the Paper
"Many economists consider zoning a response to population growth and specifically urban sprawl in that zoning can be considered a solution to these problems relative to land use issues. Zoning is essentially an extension of political control over the development process within communities. Political controls over land use manifested through zoning laws are in place in every province of Canada and, in many cases, rationalized through environmental reasons or, conversely, are used to indicate that public utilities or services do not have the ability to service additional development in a given area."
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Staples Theory and the Canadian Economy, 2008.
An analysis of Mel Watkins' staples theory in relation to linkages and Canadian economic development.
971 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, as a basic framework, Melville Watkins' staples theory explains Canadian economic development and the importance of both domestic and external commodity-oriented linkages. The paper further looks at how Watkins' paper first appeared in 1963 as an effort to explain how Canada's economy had developed into a post-World War II era in first flight, unpredictable in its promise of growth.
From the Paper
"If one is able to imagine the early 1960s Canada of which Watkins wrote, one perceives how much did seem built upon patterns established long before, as in the preeminence of Montreal as opposed to Toronto as the principal finance and business centre, and with much business continuing to involve not just Britain but British colonies in the Caribbean region or part of arrangements involving Britain and continental European powers that were engaged in post-World War II reconstruction efforts. Similarly, there were domestic linkages involving commodities and development that were parts of greater linkages involving the United States. Indeed, a helpful aspect of Watkins' paper referred to here is its reminder of how Canada has been shaped by two principal powers, the United Kingdom gradually replaced by the United States and just as it began its post-1945 ascent to world leadership taking the place of Britain. "
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A Critical Examination of Thomas Sowell's Work, 2006.
A examination of Sowell's work on economic theory using two of his books: "The Quest for Cosmic Justice" and "The Vision of the Anointed: Self Congratulating as a Basis for Social Policy".
1,486 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Thomas Sowell's work on economics and social justice by analyzing two of his books::"The Quest for Cosmic Justice" and "The Vision of the Anointed: Self Congratulating as a Basis for Social Policy". It looks at how Sowell's analysis explores the following questions : Is the paradigm of social justice exaggerated? Is society being manipulated to accept the views of an elite group of intellectuals, who have used the platform of justice to remove social privileges? Has the market system and price mechanism failed us? The writer suggests that Sowell's work should be mandated to be analyzed in conjunction with economics. The writer explains that economic theory is being used to subjugate and dictate policies that over-ride the primary components of the market economy. The writer believes that "The Quest for Cosmic Justice" and "The Vision of the Anointed" allow the economic student to realize that at the very fiber of every decision there are costs.
Outline:
Introduction
Quest for Cosmic Justice
The Vision of the Anointed
Sowell's Work and Economic Theory
Has Sowell Gone too Far? A Critique of Sowell's Work
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Economics has allowed many individuals (myself included) to be more analytical in their thinking and at times more technical when solving problems. However, the field has been known to produce ground-breaking research in issues that surpass the quantitative esoteric nature that is presented to many individuals. Thomas Sowell's works fall into the former rather than latter category. Sowell's truth-bearing books are sometimes hard to read, because of how unbiased and 'raw' his work is. I sometimes wonder if Sowell was not African American, what would be the reaction to his work, would it still be revolutionary or just racist babbling."
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Suffrage in the New World, 2008.
A literature review of the correlation between economic development and suffrage across North America.
1,118 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the extension of suffrage affected long-term economic development in the America's vis-a-vis wealth distribution and political influence. It looks at the U.S. democratic model as a paradigm explaining why economic elite might choose to award universal suffrage. The paper concludes that the U.S. eventual granting of, what they deemed to be universal suffrage, was due to the machinations of the political elite and that universal suffrage never existed in any real sense until later in the 20th century, contrary to popular opinion.
Outline:
Article Summary
Literature Review
Analysis
From the Paper
"Even after universal suffrage for both women and blacks in America were granted, it was not until the mid 1960s that many legal and regulatory barriers that prevented many women and blacks from voting were struck down in the Supreme Court of that country (Perelman 149). The only conclusion that can be made regarding this development is that even in the U.S. the political elite did not freely choose to award universal suffrage in that country's beginning nor even in its later developmental stages. This seems to be a point that Engerman and Sokoloff completely overlook in their research regarding economic development through institutional control and granting of suffrage. "
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Globalization in Comparison, 2008.
Reviews three articles on globalization: Simone Borghese and Alessandro Vercelli's "Sustainable Globalization", Nicholas A. Ashford's "Globalization and the Environment" and David Suzuki's "Economics and Politics.
1,324 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this paper the writer compares and contrasts three articles - "Sustainable Globalization" by Simone Borghese and Alessandro Vercelli, "Globalization and the Environment" by Nicholas A. Ashford and David Suzuki's "Economics and Politics". The writer argues that each article raises intelligent points but that each one is also given to emotional or infelicitous language as well as to conclusions that are not infallible. The writer maintains that the main idea, fundamentally, of all of the articles is that globalization has exacerbated global inequalities and that international and domestic efforts must be undertaken to rectify the situation.
From the Paper
"By comparison, the second article, "Globalization and the Environment," an article penned by Nicholas A. Ashford, does not devote its opening pages to outlining the structure of the argument being set forward. Rather, Ashford begins right away by criticizing how the laws governing public health policy in the United States have been dominated and shaped by rational choice theory and by other free market economic fetishes. Ashford's first page is committed wholly to outlining the characteristics of the "American Disease" in health policy - a "disease" he attributes, in part, to government non-interventionism (the government, in other words, sees itself as a mediator and not as a trustee for public health and for the environment) and to the curious conviction that the industries which are creating problems in various aspects of public living are nonetheless the industries which will find a way to resolve the problem."
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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Doux-Commerce, 2008.
An analysis of David Hume's concept of doux-commerce and the pursuit of luxury.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses doux-commerce. It analyzes David Hume's emphasis that the necessity of earning a living in a free-market environment requires people to conduct themselves in an acceptable manner, especially with their trading partners. It describes why Hume has been described as an apologist for luxury for his explanations regarding doux-commerce.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, David Hume has been described as an apologist for luxury because he emphasized that in a market setting, self-interest is the primary motivation for conducting oneself with politeness, sophistication, and cordiality. This motivation reflects the necessity of earning a living in a free-market system, which compels people to conduct themselves in an acceptable manner as they do business. This "doux-commerce" thesis describes the fundamental conditions of interaction through which participants must interact if they wish to thrive and prosper."
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Turkey's Economy, 2008.
An overview of Turkey's budget deficit from 1980 and its growth outlook, as well as its current economic situation.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Turkish economy from the 1980s to the present day. It looks at Turkey's budget deficit over the years from 1980, inflation in the country and its growth outlook. It then discusses Turkey's purchasing power parity (PPP). The paper then focuses on the economic situation in Turkey from 2007 and provides expansion plans for the economy of the country.
Table of Contents:
Inflation
1980s and Later
Budget Deficit
Inflation and Growth Outlook
Purchasing Power Parity
PPP and the Exchange Rate
2007 and Beyond
Short-term Interest Rates
Interest Rate Spreads
Interest Rate Projections
Turkish Expansion Plans
From the Paper
"While the Turkish economy is still fragile and highly susceptible to external shocks, it is just as clear that the government has done a remarkable job in gaining control of the economy. The short-term interest rate is at historically low levels and the Turkish Lira is trading strongly on the foreign exchange markets. Inflation too is relatively low for the market and GDP is on a growth trend. The greatest risk to market entry is actually not from internal economic instability but rather from the external geo-political climate in the region. The company should pursue market entry into Turkey but needs a well thought out exits strategy integrated into the project plan."
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Unemployment Insurance and the Canadian Economy, 2006.
An examination of Canada's unemployment insurance program and its effects on the Canadian economy.
2,122 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Canada's Employment Insurance (EI) program, which has been largely negative for Canada's economic growth but relied upon by workers. It explains how employers are often penalized for their participation and receive little in the way of financial incentive to generate new jobs or higher salaries. The paper also shows that the Canadian government should equalize the contribution limits of the EI by the employer and the employee, because then employers would receive some reprieve from the financial severity of supporting the majority of the EI programs and services. The writer concludes that the EI is counter-productive to robust economic performance as well as to long-term, stable economic growth.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Foreign Labour
Economic Impact
Elevating the EI
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Canada, as most other leading economies in the West, offers a comprehensive employment related insurance program that provides for work related payment benefits in the event of layoff, job loss or other employment related issue that results in a covered inability to work. Previously, this system in Canada was referred to as the Unemployment Insurance but since 1996 has been simply termed the Employment Insurance (EI) and is a government program overseen by the Human Resources and Skills Development Canada or the HSSDC (Employment, 2006b). EI is very important to the Canadian economy and social services system because Canada relies on a large population of seasonal workers due to the harsher climates in some of its Provinces as well as to some of its seasonal industries."
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