| Papers [526-540] of 559 :: [Page 36 of 38] | | Go to page : <— 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 —> | |
|
|
Czechoslovakian Split, 1998.
A paper which discusses the ramifications for the two countries - the Czech and Slovak Republics - after the Czechoslovakian split.
3,100 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
A discussion of the problems facing each of the nations from the former Czechoslovakian Republic, now that they are separated. The paper discusses environmental issues, political and foreign relation complications as well as church-state relationships.
From the Paper
"Change is rarely easy. Change becomes harder when a nation that has existed for a long time needs to dissolve into two different nations, each with its own set of problems. Economic and social change from a government controlled to a free market doesn't come easily and problem free either. Czechoslovakia is an example of such a situation. The country's dissolution has been called the peaceful divorce. [Otto Ulc. p.1-3] Czechoslovakia had only few cities with a p opulation over 750,000 and had been plagued by large variety of environmental and economic problems. Another problem results from the fact that the two separated nations don't wish to have much to do with the other, and thus the new nations are plagued by bad foreign relations with each other and remaining eastern European countries."
| |
|
"The Painted Bird" by Jerzy Kosinski: A Work of Art or Rubbish?, 2002.
This essay discusses the novel 'The Painted Bird' by Jerzy Kosinski along with some common criteria for evaluating works of art and determining their cultural value.
1,745 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 56.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The author of this paper defends this novel by Jerzy Kosinski , so often attacked and ridiculed by critics, and hails it as a classic work of art of supreme historical value.
From the Paper
Before beginning, however, a few comments on this controversial novel are important leading into the discussion. First of all, it is impossible to read The Painted Bird without feeling strong emotions and asking difficult questions: Could such a story really be true? If it is true, how can people treat other humans in this way? Are there still people in the world like this, seemingly without traditional values or morality? In a similar cultural setting, would I act in the same way? The characters in The Painted Bird demonstrate the most incredible forms of inhumanity and amorality imaginable and the story of the boy's experiences are at times beyond belief. Second, this book has been called everything from a classic of literature (for its portrayal of the horrors of war from the eyes of an innocent child) to an outrageous fabrication (written by a pathological liar and apologist for the Nazis).
| |
|
Vampires: Straying From the Path of Righteousness, 2002.
This paper looks at the historical vampire and evidence that disproved them.
2,960 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
An in-depth look at the history of the vampire giving examples of famous past figures claiming to be vampires. It looks at the symbols in the vampire culture and what they mean - blood, church, religion. The paper then tries to examine medical excuses for vampires - anemia, catalepsy etc.
From the Paper
"Vampires have been around since the beginning of time. People have used them to explain things they thought were unexplainable. ?Vampires are mythical creatures who overcome death by sucking the blood from living humans (Vampires).? [See addendum A] In our modern society, when people see a picture of a vampire they are supposedly overcome with feelings of longing, whether consciously or unconsciously. Vampires, in our eyes, are elegant, debonair, gorgeous, sexual, and desirable. What vampires want mimics what people want: all of their hidden desires and secrets. They are outlets for a society where the line between good and evil is bold, where everything is black or white. Aspects found in vampires are the same aspects that are found in us. Vampires rise not in the morning but at night when the world turns out its lights and darkness descends on the people. Some people yearn for the carefree life that is the vampire. A vampire is law unto himself. And most importantly, what people believe to be evil becomes their vampire. But to people who lived long ago, vampires were minions of the Devil, evil incarnate, monsters capable of turning others from the path of righteousness and God to the Devil and darkness. The key aspect of the vampire is death. They can be killed and yet still are thought of as immortal. People will never truly understand all there is about the vampire world. The understanding of the historical vampire, the evidence that disproved them and the real vampires of the modern world are all part of the vampire phenomenon."
| |
|
Everyday Life of Clergy in Moldavia, 2002.
This paper examines the everyday life of Clergy in Moldavia and Wallachia during the 17th century. It examines how they managed to live together in peace despite the wars raging around them.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 88.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper focuses on the everyday life of the clergy from Danubian Principalities in the 17th century. Followers of different religions like Orthodox, Catholics and Protestants were dwelling within a narrow area and had to find the means to live together as peacefully as possible. At the same time, they had to obey to the stern rules that were issued by the ecclesiastical authorities.Therefore very often they had to comply with the local customs and to borrow from the other faiths in order to be accepted by the local community.The paper provides some answers about how the priests managed to cope with this situation.
From the Paper
The paper focuses on the way the Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant clergy led their lives and interacted among them in Moldavia and Wallachia. The essay covers especially first half of the 17th century although the data should be understood as an approximate signpost of an historical small-scaled research than as fixed boundary. Little study on this topic and area is available in Romanian or Hungarian and particularly in English. Thus research for the paper was conducted by using only the published Franciscan reports on the area as primary sources.
| |
|
Ottoman Policy in 1565/1566, 2001.
Insight into the Ottoman policy in 1565/1566 as reflected in "The Book of Important Affairs" (m?himme defterleri) from the Ottoman chancelary
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 69.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper deals with the Ottoman domestic and foreign policy during the last year of life of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent.The paper uses primary sources published in Turkey and attempts to answer to different research questions and explain certain political choices of the Ottomans. The methods employed for achieving these outcomes, are the quantitative and statistic methods based on visual outputs and research on the sources.
From the Paper
"The essay deals with the Ottoman state policy in 973 H. (1565/1566 d. Hr.) as revealed by the orders (hukum) and imperial letters (name-i h?mayun) from M?himme Defterleri (The Book of Important Affairs). These books started to be edited by the Ministers Council Archives in Ankara in 1994. The book used for year 1565/1566 is the fifth one (Bes Numerali M?himme Defterleri) and has 505 pages consisting in a foreword (?ns?z), preface (sunus), abreviations (kisaltmalar), the table of contents (I?indekiler), the summary of the orders (hukumlerin ozetleri), the index and map of Rumeli. The method used was to establish a database with all the imperial orders and letters found in the book and to compare and interpret them within empire, regions, addressants, stressing the ones concerning pricipalities of Moldavia, Transylvania and Valachia. As in the book there were 27 provinces to which the sultan addressed in this period, it was necessary to divide the provinces into main regions on a geographical and political basis for a better comparison and interpretation. Thus the following regions came into being: Asia Minor, Europe, Mediterana and Orient."
| |
|
Interpreting Lika and Krbava 1712 Census, 2002.
This paper analyzes the Lika and Krbava (areas in Croatia) 1712 Census. It looks at family structures, ethnicity and religion interpreted from this census.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 85.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper focuses on the family structures, ethnicity and religion in the regions of Lika and Krbava based on the census from 1712. This area, which today belongs to Croatia, was of extreme importance as it was on the triple border (triplex confinium) of the three mighty powers:Ottomans, Austrians and Venetians.Therefore the paper aims to reconstruct and explain by statistic and quantitative methods of the epoch.
From the Paper
"A historical reality of Lika and Krbava regions, which belonged to the Triplex Confinium area, where the three very strong powers (the Republic of Venice, the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire) met was an exceptionally complex one. The area was conquered by the Ottomans in 1527 and during the following one and a half centuries most of the inhabitants were Muslims and Vlachs, who were concentrated in strong fortresses constructed for defense in the case of attacks of the Habsburg Empire and the Republic of Venice. However, soon after the disastrous Ottoman attempted siege of Vienna in 1683, the Habsburg troops conquered several Ottoman fortresses. Consequently, in 1689, the last Ottoman fortresses in the Lika region gave up and their inhabitants left for Bosnia. During these battles, most of the population left the Lika region. Most of the Muslim population fled to the remaining Ottoman territories. The same happened with the Vlach population. They left their homes and inhabited partly the Habsburg territories and partly Venetian territories. In a meantime, during the battles, the Habsburg regular troops were being supported by the irregular ones, which also contributed to the formation of a very various ethnic/religious picture of the region. One of the irregular troops was Bunjevci of the Habsburg border regions who entered the Lika region and helped in its reconquest. Therefore, after 1683 the region was re-conquered and resettled in a somewhat irregular and unplanned manner. Having in mind that some Muslims chose to stay in the region but converted to Christianity after the withdrawal of the Ottoman troops (New Christians or Neochristians), the ethnic/religious map of the area became even more complex."
| |
|
Habsburgs and Ottomans in Bosnia, 2001.
An analysis of the interaction between Habsburgs and Ottomans in Bosnia during the 17th and 18th centuries.
3,325 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 94.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper provides an insight on the two centuries that for Bosnia meant the reshaping of the social, ethnic and religious features. By analyzing the process that conducted to that shift, the paper discusses eventually contemporary issues of the area.
From the Paper
"The paper focuses on the ethnic and religious changes that took place in Bosnia during 17th-18th centuries by putting them in the right context. The essay is encompassed within the multiple borderland courses by approaching all the shifts Bosnia encountered as a border province on Triplex Confinium. The aim is to deal not only with the political features of the border but also with its human aspects and to surprise how the border shifts affected the human environment. In order to achieve this a comparative aproach based on the consequences of actions."
| |
|
Franciscan Missionaries and Society in Moldavia, 2002.
This paper is a serious work that evaluates various aspects of the society in the Danubian principalities during the first half of the 17th century, focusing specifically on both popular and official religious characteristics of the society as well as on
17,200 words (approx. 68.8 pages), 39 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper consists of three chapters, an introductory part and conclusions. The introduction defines the topic, the sources, the method and the structure. As the thesis refers to Franciscans and their reports, the first chapter provides a brief insight into their organization, their reasons for coming to the region, the relationship between them and the local power, and among themselves. The second chapter deals with the local clergy and its everyday life, stressing both its way of following church cannons and the coexistence with the clergy belonging to other religions. The third chapter deals with the society and is divided in two subchapters. The first one concern the society itself, focusing on its patterns of behavior in certain occasions, mentality, customs, ethnicity and education. The second subchapter is dedicated to religion, both the official religion and the popular one, which includes local beliefs mingled with Christian dogma and miracles. The last part consists of the conclusions drawn from the paper, highlighting its outcomes.
From the Paper
"Knowledge of the reports written by the Franciscan missionaries is valuable for any historiography of the countries that were comprised within partibus infidelium where the Franciscans were active. Their reports are written in different styles suitable for different approaches, from demographic or culinary history to political history. Naturally, the accounts of the Franciscans proved valuable for Romanian historiography as well. However little use of the new trends was made and they were employed mainly as a source that stressed the political history. Therefore as previous research disregarded the potential of the reports for social history, there is a certain gap in the field."
| |
|
Rome and Byzantium, 2001.
A discussion on how the Catholic Church was involved in establishing a liturgical and bureaucratic connection between Rome and Byzantium.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 0 sources, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This essay discusses the reasons why Rome and Byzantium are linked together despite their great differences. The author explains the involvement of the Catholic Church in Byzantium.
From the Paper
"This period was one of significant social and economic growth in Western Europe that was to some extent independent of the Crusades and to some extent caused by them. The religious and political effects of the Crusades on Europe can never be separated from each other. The Crusades tended to increase the power and prestige of Rome and the West while also making the West less parochial, so that by the end of the Crusades it might claim both Western power and Eastern knowledge, leaving Constantinople with little to call its own.
"The Crusades were one of the forces that increased contacts between Christian Western Europeans and both Muslims and Jews. Although it is a little difficult for us to believe this now, Jews actually were instrumental in helping the West to understand and appreciate Islam. Jewish thinkers often helped to transfer and explain the intellectual achievements of the Islamic world to Christendom, often creating a syncretistic blend of both Judaism and Islam. This introduction mostly as a result of the Crusades of Eastern philosophies into Europe was quickly seen as threatening and was met by a terrible backlash in the form of the Inquisition (created in 1231), which was a powerful religious institution designed to enforce religious and political unity. While at first it was turned against only Jews and Muslims along with those suspected of such heresies as witchcraft, in its later years it was also used to combat Protestantism."
| |
|
16th Century Ottoman Empire, 2002.
This paper looks at how serious a threat the Ottoman Empire was to Europe in the 16th century.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the nature of the threat that the Ottoman Empire posed to 16th century European states. The author finds that the reality of the menace is accepted during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent, but the magnitude of the danger is, however, questioned.
From the Paper
"At first glance it is tempting to view the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century as posing a very serious threat indeed to Europe. From the reign of Mehmet II, the achievements of the Sultans mounted, so that in order to understand the menace of the Ottomans one must place due emphasis on the capture of Constantinople by the aforementioned Sultan in 1453. From this point the momentum driving the Ottoman state to becoming a major power seemed to generally increase, through the reigns of Bayezit II, Selim I and culminating in the reign of the ?lawgiver? Suleyman, known by the West as the ?Magnificent.? Indeed, it is clear that the threat posed was a real one, and at times serious enough to provoke a sense off panic from European peoples, especially following moments such as when the army of Suleyman laid siege to Vienna for some 3 weeks before withdrawing before the winter of 1529. There were also some impressive victories for the Ottomans: Rhodes, described by Ann Williams as ?the thorn in the Sultan?s flesh? was taken from the Knights of St. John in 1522, and Belgrade the ?gateway to central Europe? captured in the same year as the defeat and slaughter of the army of Louis II of Hungary. Barbarossa, as Lord Admiral of Suleyman?s formidable fleet ravaged the coastline of Italy and North Africa and pitched himself against Dorea, and posed a serious distraction for Charles V. However, the reality of the threat the Ottomans posed has been inordinately presented, a process which began in the interpretations made by contemporary 16th century commentators whose knowledge of the east was often incomplete. An examination of Knolles ?General History of the Turks? praises aspects of the Ottoman Empire such as its military and political organisation and unified faith whilst revealing the author?s lack of acquaintance with it in his portrayal of the Turks as a society primarily militaristic, uncultured, corrupt and unstable. Thus whilst communicating the strength of the Islamic adversary in order to encourage Christian unity in the face of danger, he is loath to credit the Ottomans to highly as a race of foreign ?others.? His prejudices and motivations therefore dictates that his source by treated with caution, and indicates to the historian the dangers of accepting 16th century interpretations of the threat posed by the Ottomans too highly."
| |
|
Clash of Civilizations in Kosovo, 2001.
This paper examines the recent conflict in Kosovo.
2,605 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines Samuel P. Huntington?s clash of civilizations thesis in relation to the recent conflict in Kosovo. The paper concludes that all of the major players in the recent conflict in Kosovo performed as predicted by Huntington?s thesis. The author discusses how the primary combatants, Serbs and Kosovars represent a fault line conflict between two civilizations, and both drew in support from kin-countries and how Russia came to the defense of Serbia, although only diplomatically as the situation permitted.
From the Paper
"Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has become one of the premier institutions of the Western civilization. The recent entrance of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic into the alliance had little-to-no strategic or military importance, but symbolized the re-joining of these states with the West. NATO?s main role is changing from that of a military alliance to a club of Western market democracies. Countries like Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, and the Baltics seek membership to this club because they want to be recognized as a part of the West. NATO has become the dominant symbol of Western power, and thus exclusively the West carried out the air war over Kosovo."
| |
|
The Suez Canal Crisis and the Soviet Invasion of Hungary, 2001.
An analysis of the Suez Canal crisis and the Soviet invasion of Hungary.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains how the U.S. encouraged the Soviet Union to invade Hungary and keep its troops there in order to keep the Soviets out of the Middle East during the Suez Canal crisis.
From the Paper
"The Suez Crisis developed from an American plan to win the support of Saudi Arabia and at the same time expose Egypt?s leader, Gamal Abdel Nasser as a Soviet pawn. The Saudis were anti-communist, but also historically anti-British, and to counter Soviet inroads in the Middle East, the US had to assure the their support. In October 1954, Secretary of State Dulles offered to sell arms to Egypt only if Nasser agreed to not buy weapons from the USSR and he publicly denounced the Soviets. Nasser spoke out against the communists, but continued to buy Soviet arms as the US had expected he would."
| |
|
Humanitarian Intervention: Rumping Sovereignty in Kosovo, 2002.
This paper is a justification of NATO's bombing campaign in the Kosovo War.
2,295 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 70.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at "Operation Allied Force" NATO's bombing campaign against Serbia during the Kosovo War in 1999. The history of the conflict is presented in detail, with particular attention being placed on the humanitarian needs of the population that was being devastated by this war. The author presents several arguments against the bombing, and discusses why these arguments are wrong, or do not apply to Kosovo. In addition to the human rights angle, the author also looks at the political reasons for NATO's intervention, first and foremost being, regional stability and the fear that the war would spread.
From the Paper
"Detractors argue that the clear acceleration of Serb ethnic cleansing of Albanians in Kosovo that occurred concurrently with Operation Allied Force demonstrates that the war did not aid the Kosovars; however, given the ominous signs of ethnic cleansing, the argument is insupportable. After all, whether Serb atrocities and ethnic cleansing occurred over one month or six months is low impact. Although the Kosovars did suffer much before the end of the war, the war's ultimate result-- protection from Serb atrocities and the fall from power and trial of Slobodan Milosevic-- will allow the Kosovars to more securely recover from the harm that they have suffered, and be more secure in the future than they would have under continued rule by Milosevic."
| |
|
Donald Queller's "The Fourth Crusade", 2000.
This paper analyzes Donald Queller's "The Fourth Crusade" as a viable historical source.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper compares Donald Queller's "The Fourth Crusade" to other contemporary books regarding the Fourth Crusade and contrasts between them.
From the Paper
"In The Fourth Crusade, Donald E. Queller describes both the political and financial motives that led to the fourth crusade to Constantinople. Through heavy use of primary sources, the entire journey is told in a story-like fashion. Unfortunately, this story is not one without opinions. The Fourth Crusade is filled with Queller's personal opinions about both the historical event and contemporary historians. While these can sometimes be distracting, they neither take away from the significance of this study nor alter the historical facts. Queller's work, by all means, is one of the better historical studies of the events leading up to the sacking of Constantinople."
| |
|
Un-Revolution: The Collapse of the Soviet Empire, 2001.
This research discusses in detail the reasons for collapse of the Soviet Union and its empire.
6,970 words (approx. 27.9 pages), 22 sources, $ 157.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This research paper discusses the collapse of the Soviet Union and its empire in 1989-91 and the future of Eastern Europe after Soviet domination. The paper concludes that the events of 1989 marked the end of the communist revolution. For more than forty years, the West had contained the Soviet Union behind the Iron Curtain, while the inherent faults of Soviet communism, embodied in the flawed policies of its leadership, brought about the inevitable collapse of the Soviet empire. The author discusses the fall of communism which presented humanity with a historic chance to progress a few feet forward. The author argues that only when democracy and capitalism reach the roots of society, however, can these ideas blossom into true positive change in the post-communist world.
From the paper:
"What happened in 1989 was not a revolution itself, but actually the final nail in the coffin of a revolution. The fall of the Soviet Union represented the end of a forty-year challenge to democracy and market capitalism, both of which had already been established as the status quo (at least of Europe, the main ?battlefield? of the Cold War). The revolution of western democracy and capitalism began in 1642 in England where the first popular rebellion against a monarchy brought about the execution of King Charles I. Less than a decade later, Thomas Hobbes, at least partially inspired by the upheaval in England, published his famous work Leviathan. Although he advocated submission to the absolute supremacy of the state, Hobbes was not concerned whether that state was ruled by a king or a parliament, and this non-commitment to monarchy laid the intellectual foundations for the development of democratic political theory. John Locke soon bridged the gap between Hobbes? realism and what would become liberalism with the ideas of majority rule, natural rights, property rights, and the responsibility of the state to uphold these ideals. Montesquieu added the issues of separated and balanced governmental powers, and Rousseau defended self-determination and civil liberty. Adam Smith introduced the world to comparative advantage and put forth the belief that the ability of every citizen to make his own economic choices created the most prosperous economy. The ideas of these philosophers, along with Madison, Jefferson, Ricardo, and ?the rest,? inspired more revolutions in America in 1776, France in 1789, across Europe in 1848, and again in American in 1860."
|
|
|
