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Turkey's Economy, 2002.
This paper compares Turkey's economy in the 1970's with that of the 1990's.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses major economy-related events that occurred during the two periods studied. An overview of the major events of each period is given and the features of each period?s economy are laid out. With respect to the 1970s, 1977 is examined as the ?crisis year? and failed economic stabilization programs are looked at.
From the Paper
"Turkey is a unique country that lies partially in Asia and partly in Europe. The Asian and the European part of the country are separated by the Bosporus, which is the water link between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. Although the areas constituting Turkey have a very ancient history, the modern day Turkey became a Republic in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey?s economy is a mixture of modern industry and ancient agriculture that has undergone many ups and down throughout its history. In this paper we will focus on the economy of Turkey in the 1970s & 1990s, and discuss the major economy-related events that occurred during this period."
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The European Policy of Mercantilism, 2008.
This paper explores the doctrine of mercantilism and its effects on European colonialism.
1,752 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the doctrine of mercantilism is an economic theory that warns a country not to buy more than it sells. The paper first explains the implications of this theory and looks at the history of the doctrine in England. The paper then discusses how British mercantilist policies played a major part in the country's colonization in the New World, eventually leading up to the American Revolutionary War. Additionally, the paper explains how mercantilism is a competitive theory and why it was the most significant economic theory in European history.
Outline:
What this Economic Theory Does
Mercantilism as Europe's Dominant Economic Theory
British Mercantilism and the Colonization of America
Mercantilism and Territorial Expansion
Mercantilism as a Competitive Theory
From the Paper
"The doctrine of mercantilism was the most popularly accepted policy in Europe from the 16th through the 18th centuries. This economic theory was based on the well being of the nations concerned, and that was maximized with a steady and heavy supply of capital, which is fundamentally acquired by the services one country provides for another. The theory of mercantilism allows that exports are more valuable to a nation than imports, as exports produce pure capital from the selling of goods, and imports request capital in exchange for goods from another country. This doctrine is concerned with trade, and it virtually says that the economy of a given country will be better if they are able to sell more than what they buy."
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International Relations Theories, 2009.
Compares and evaluates the the realist and the idealism/liberalism theories of international relations.
2,040 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the realist theory, which contends that state security and power are important above all other attributes, and its antithesis, the liberalism or idealism theory, which contends that states can work together because people are basically good. When comparing these theories, the author sides with realism as the most accurate explanation of international relations, but acknowledges that one theory is rarely ever correct in its absolute form. To illustrate these theories, the paper examines the foreign policies of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and the ways that these policies shaped the future international relations of the U.S.A.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Realist Theory
Alternate Theory: Liberalism/Idealism
Contrast and Comparison of Realism and Liberalism
An Accurate Explanation of International Relations
Foreign Policy of the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Proponents of Liberalism often subscribe to liberal internationalism, which argues that liberal states should intervene in other sovereign states in order to pursue liberal objectives. Such intervention includes military intervention and humanitarian aid. Liberal Internationalism supports such multilateral organization like the United Nations that ensure international peace keeping and while not as effective as a state's military the UN seems to serve as a necessary medium for Liberalism's lack of power."
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The Labor Market in Poland, 2009.
This paper examines changes in Poland since 1990 specifically relating to the labor market.
2,660 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Before 1990 a labor market, in the common sense of the term, did not exist in Poland. However with the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, Poland underwent a period of great transition characterized by drastic changes in the nation's economic sphere. There are various aspects to the labor market that can help one understand the nature of these changes which have shaped Poland over the last decade. The paper examines the most notable, employment and unemployment, and their common relationship effects on job vacancies and inflation.
Outline:
Overview
Employment
Private Sector Employment
Unemployment
Unemployment, Vacancies and Inflation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the last decade Poland experienced a great transformation in the size of its labor force. This transformation brought a large decline in numbers of the working population (employed) and employees (working for a wage or salary) within the civilian economy. This was attributed to the great change and re-allocation of the labor force. Levels of employment have been declining quite systematically since 1990. Many workers lost their jobs, either for a limited time or permanently. Another substantial number of workers changed employment quite rapidly, barely without a small period of unemployment between their old and new jobs. The transition also has brought a larger number of pensioners as a result of the introduction of early retirement schemes, as well as an increase in the number of disability claims. People who were afraid that they might lose their jobs had they exposed their health problems were now able to get disability status. In Poland the number of old age pensioners and disabled people increased by 1 438 000 in the period from 1990 to 1996."
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Business in Eastern Europe, 2009.
Explores research relating to business ethics and corruption in Eastern Europe
3,165 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the role of ethics in the international business of Eastern Europe (EE) by analyzing the transition from communism to capitalism, the effects of the EE business ethics culture on foreign investment, and how international reforms affected individuals and the management of international business in EE. The paper also examines a study of the insurance industry in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries on how to best install ethical values in a transitional society and determine whether the issues would diminish once privatization and regulation matured. In the years since the fall of communism, corruption and ethics have been a problem and EE countries continue to lag behind the rest of the world, the author acknowledges.
Table of Contents:
Communism to Capitalism
Insurance as a Representative Industry
Corruption in Eastern Europe
International Ethics Reforms
United Nations' View on Ethics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The main conclusion made by Cooper and Dorfman came in comparing the results of their survey to the origins of unethical business in CEE. Bohata concluded that there are three main sources of unethical behavior; those attributed to the communist heritage, those associated with new transitional opportunities, and lastly those that are related to the market system itself. Bohata claims that it is critical for a manager to understand the foundations of such behavior and correct it based upon which of the three categories it falls under."
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The Son of Guiscard: Bohemond of Taranto, 2009.
The paper uses historical sources to examine Bohemond, a Norman crusader during the period of the First Crusades.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the character of Bohemond, Norman Prince of Taranto, the eldest son of Robert Guiscard and a knight in the First Crusades. Specifically, the paper looks at the prevailing historical view of Bohemond as a freebooter utilizing religious zeal to carve an empire out for himself. The paper makes extensive use of writing from the period of the First Crusades.
From the Paper
"This prevailing view is not without warrant. Though he had died in 1085, the name of Robert Guiscard inspired both admiration and dread in the lands of the Greeks. In 1082, Guiscard had invaded Byzantium under the pretense of enforcing a claim on the Byzantine Throne. The young Alexius' skilled but costly resistance stalled Guiscard until his death. Assuming command of the Normans was Guiscard's eldest son, Bohemond, and though beginning from a strong position in Greece, the brash, young warrior was unable to hold his own in the face of stiff Byzantine and Venetian resistance.
"Thus deprived of his inheritance , Bohemond withdrew to southern Italy to lick his wounds and plot his next move. In 1097, while Bohemond and his younger brother, Roger Borsa, were besieging Amalfi, an opportunity revealed itself for the dispossessed heir of Robert's ambition to rebuild his lost empire. Frankish sources, particularly those within Bohemond's camp, are consistent in their accounts of Bohemond taking the cross. Robert the Monk relates that Bohemond, upon learning of the call to march on Jerusalem"
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Mark Steyn's "America Alone", 2008.
Reviews Mark Steyn's book "America Alone: The End of the World As We Know It".
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Mark Steyn's book "America Alone: The End of the World As We Know It" raises many important issues about the terrorist crisis and the global growth of Islamic fundamentalism. However, the author feels that his assessment of the Muslim world and of Europe is colored by Steyn's pro-American sentiment; thereby, he fails to address sufficiently global issues relating to Islamic extremism.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The European Union, or "Eurabia," and the 'Threat' of Islam
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although it is clear that Europe has, and still is, undergoing a significant demographic shift that is influencing its politics and culture, the European Union is just as determined to fight terrorism as any other Western nation or super-power. In fact, countries such as France have introduced laws, such as banning Muslim women from being veiled in public, not, as claimed by Steyn, because of a desire to "push all religion to the fringes of life", but due to the way in which religion, no matter what type, has been a historical problem that still affects its population."
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Debra Ollivier's Inner French Girl, 2009.
A critical review of Debra Ollivier's book, "Entre Nous: Woman's Guide to Finding Her Inner French Girl."
2,195 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the book "Entre Nous: Woman's Guide to Finding Her Inner French Girl," by Debra Ollivier, on the cultural difference between French and American women. The writer describes how Ollivier portrays both types of women and explains that it reveals an opinionated and somewhat stereotypical representation of both parties. The writer shows that Ollivier regards the French woman as more mature, desirable and self-assured than her American counterpart, who is bound by Puritan morality, consumerism and commercial ideals. Some suggestions are made as to how Ollivier could have improved her book, but concludes that Ollivier's book is important because it attests that the American woman needs to adopt a more relaxed attitude toward life.
From the Paper
"From the account of Ollivier, the French woman's mystique is based on some basic truths, which are generally universal and have little to do with the reality of French women as such, or for that matter, any particular woman. Ollivier describes a long list of attributes that presumably characterize the French woman. The most central of these are the following: (1) she is self-possessed; (2) she is self-contained; (3) she is not ashamed of her figure; (4) she takes pleasure in the "now; (5) she values quality over quantity; and (6) she is discretionary in her relationships to others."
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The Cold War, 2009.
Looks at decisions that won the Cold War.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while no specific factor itself caused the U.S. victory in the Cold War, several events caused the downfall of the communist threat. The paper then asserts that the positions of Presidents Ronald Reagan and Harry Truman and Pope John Paul II were major contributors to the downfall of Russia. In addition, the paper relates that the the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization deferred an attack from the Soviets for four decades.
From the Paper
"Pope John Paul is also a major influence on the United States victory in the Cold War. He gets two mentions in the top ten, coming in at the number four spot for his election. John Paul II allied with Reagan in the Cold War and gained respect for his "firm resistance against communism." He refused to be intimidated by Poland's communist leaders and told Poles to "be not afraid." His advice to the Poland citizens not to fear the system rounds up the top 10 list."
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Economic Integration, 2008.
An overview of the benefits of regional economic integration.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the possible forms of regional economic integration in explaining the steps in the evolution from European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) to European Union (EU). The paper analyzes how EU member countries have benefited from such integration by using data concerning aspects of EU member nations' economies. The paper concludes by contrasting expected economic benefits from an EU-type integration, based on traditional regional economic integration theory, with the actual benefits received by EU member nations after such economic integration.
From the Paper
"Euro area countries' interest rates would be expected to be at or close to each other, based on regional economic integration theory. Investments among members that share a common currency would be free of all currency fluctuation risks, and thus be able to safely invest in the country whose interest rates are highest. A Eurozone country which is in need of investment funds would, according to theory, raise their interest rate slightly above the euro area rate to entice funds to move into their country. Investment funds would flow into the country until the interest rate is pushed back down to the euro area rate. A monetary union such as the euro zone thus allows funds to flow risk free into the country where they are most needed, using resources in the most efficient fashion."
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Discrimination in Employment, 2008.
A discussion about the mutual influence of French and English law with regard to discrimination in employment in the French legislation.
4,160 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a general survey of the French legislation with regard to discrimination in employment. The paper emphasizes that nowadays international and European laws clearly influence French law in a general way and explains that the study, therefore, make many references to international and European provisions.
Outline:
The French Legislation: Positive Evolution and Drawbacks.
Article L.125-45 of the Labor Code and the Progressive Widening of its Scope
The Prohibited Criteria of Differentiation
The Restrictive View of the Different Lists of Prohibited Criteria in French Law And Its Incompatibility With International Law
Lawful Use Of Prohibited Criteria In Some Exceptional Circumstances
The Sanctions Of A Discriminatory Act
Mutual Influence Of French And English Law
The Development Of Indirect Discrimination in French Law: Influence Of English Law Through EU Law
The HALDE And The New UK Equality And Human Rights Commission: Two Organisations With The Same Objective, I.E. Promoting Equality.
Examples Of The HALDE's Decisions
The New Equality and Human Rights Commission Existing In The UK, A Brief Reminder
Britain: From a Multiplicity Of Provisions Specific to Each Kind Of Discrimination Towards a Unique French Style Provision?
From the Paper
"First, the list of discriminatory criteria contained in Article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of the 16th of December 1966 is non restrictive. This text is a worldwide treaty whose authority is superior to that of French law. Similarly, the list included in Article 81 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights, annexed to the Nice Treaty, is non restrictive, and despite the rejection of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe, this Charter may well one day become binding in EU law."
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EC Competition Law, 2007.
An evaluation of European Commission (EC) competition law, exploitative abuse and Article 82 of the EC Treaty.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper considers specific Commission decisions and the European Court of Justice (ECJ) case law in its evaluation of the approach taken to the Article 82 EC Treaty. The paper deals with exploitative abuse and focuses on the category known as 'excessive prices' and the case of United Brands which is a frequently cited precedent in EC competition law. The paper then examines why in this case the Commission decision was quashed by the European Court of Justice. The paper discusses the Court's twofold test but how it is unclear whether this twofold test is appropriate.
Outline:
United Brands and the European Court of Justice Twofold Test
The Twofold Test Applied by the European Court of Justice: an Appropriate Test?
From the Paper
"In competitive markets, firms fight to gain more customers. In order to outperform their competitors and increase their market share, they lower prices, offer discounts to selected customers, build infrastructures and facilities to meet new demand, invest in research and development activities to lower their production costs or improve their goods and services. All these behaviours increase the quality and the variety of products on offer and reduce the level of prices thereby making customers better off. However, some of these behaviours can be adopted by firms with a strong hold on the market to alter the competitive process in their favour so that the benefits customers derive from competition can be lost. For this reason, Article 82 of the EC Treaty prohibits abusive behaviours adopted by firms with a dominant position. It states that 'any abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position within the common market or in a substantial part of it shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market in so far as it may affect trade between Member States' and then draws up a non-exhaustive list of what can be said to constitute such abuse, leaving the competition authorities a wide discretion when interpreting the basic prohibition."
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Is the European Union a Federation?, 2007.
An exploration of the similarities and differences between the judicial systems of the U.S and of the European Union with regard to concurrent jurisdiction and the 'full faith and credit clause' under the American Constitution.
2,483 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the structure of the U.S. judicial system compared to the current situation in the European Union. The paper reaches the conclusion that if the European Union is not a true federation based on the American model, it could be described as a hybrid, mix jurisdiction, or alternatively, a 'confederation' as a system in between an international organisation and a federation.
Outline:
The American Judicial System
The European Union Judicial System
The European Union: A Hybrid, Mix Jurisdiction?
From the Paper
"'We must build a kind of United States of Europe'. These were the words pronounced by the famous wartime prime minister of Britain, Winston Churchill, in his speech at Zurich University on the 19th of September 1946. But as soon as June 1941, the Ventotene Manifesto was calling for a 'European Federation', and since, the debate has never lessened. Academics have spoken of a 'federation in the making' , 'an embryonic federal structure' , 'an association of sovereign States with a federal potential' , etc. For some others, any idea of federalism itself is to be banned from the European context. It seems like there is a kind of fear of federalism. From a comparatist perspective, it is interesting to analyse the European Union in parallel with the United States, which is a federal State par excellence, in order to assess whether the Union may be assimilated to such a federation. However, as everything cannot be possibly covered, it is necessary to limit the scope of the study."
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Czechoslovakia, 1919-1993, 2006.
Looks at the history of Czechoslovakia from 1919 to 1993.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the ways that, from 1919 to 1993, the United States, Germany and the USSR exerted their political power and sometimes their military power to manipulate Czechoslovakia in order to achieve their own political. The author points out that, from the restructuring of the European landscape through the 1919 Paris Negotiations, to Nazi occupation from 1939 to 1945 and to the Soviet domination from 1948 to 1989; finally, in 1993, the Peoples of Czechoslovakia made a choice of pluralist democracy and peacefully divided into two countries, Czech Republic and Slovakia.
From the Paper
"In reaction to Dubcek's Spring Reforms (otherwise known as the Action Program) of 1968, Soviet leader Lenoid Brezhnev perceived the reform as a break from Marxist-Leninist tradition and a move towards capitalist democracy. On 29 July, 1968, Dubcek met with Soviet leaders met at Cierna to discuss the situation. On August 20-21, WTO troops invaded Czechoslovakia to crush the Prague Spring, proving little violence as compared to the 1956 WTO invasion of Hungary. In the following months, negotiations between Brezhnev and Dubcek continued."
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