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Media Manipulation, 2006.
A review of media manipulation, focusing on the various methods of manipulation.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and reports the opinions of experts and journalists who have analyzed the issue of media manipulation of the news. This is not a paper that is predicting a "big brother" conspiracy that is trying to take over America or brainwash all the TV-watching, Internet surfing and newspaper-reading citizens. But there are many issues that the average American should be aware of when trying to read, hear, watch and digest "news" as presented by the media today, and this paper addresses those concerns.
From the Paper
"It's very clear from reading through research material on today's media that most Americans get their evening news through half-hour TV programs specializing in dramatic, entertaining video and "sound bites" from politicians, entertainers, and the "man in the street."
Those news shows - from cable, local, and network productions - are often more concerned with ratings (which drive the profitability of television) than with full coverage. That is not a positive trend in American life, and this paper addresses that dynamic as well.
The significance of media manipulation can be seen even more dramatically with a look back at the way television journalism was presented to the public in the recent past. Reporters had guts, and went after government; that is depicted in a new movie, "Good Night and Good Luck," written and directed by actor George Clooney. The movie features the professional life of former CBS television interviewer, Edward R. Murrow, who boldly took on U.S. Senator Joe McCarthy at a time when McCarthy was attacking many well-known people with baseless accusations that they were "communists." An article in the Los Angeles Times (Goldstein, 2005) refers to Murrow as "a real hero" who, like other journalists in his era, "once pursued greatness, not just ratings and ad linage."
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Theories of Humor, 2006.
Examines three theories pertaining to humor.
1,532 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the three theories of humor - using research from several sources for a diversity of definitions - and then examines specific humor excerpts from the "Blue Collar Comedy Tour" DVD. The excerpts are analyzed using material from Francis Hutcheson, Immanuel Kant, John Morreall, Michael Clark and Sigmund Freud. The three theories discussed are: The Incongruity Theory, the Relief Theory and the Superiority Theory.
From the Paper
"Michael Clark in his essay, "The Rejection of Humor in Western Thought" writes that laughter and humor should not be seen as the same thing. Clark says philosophers sometimes see laughter "as a form or scorn and humiliation..." and further believes that "to ridicule and humiliate another person just because doing so makes you feel better about yourself, is antisocial at best and curl at worst." By saying a married man rarely has sex with his wife, and that a gay man likewise can't remember the last time he had sex with a woman (since likely he has never had intercourse with a female), Foxworthy is creating laughter by ridiculing both men."
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Economic Model for Monopoly Analysis in Telecommunication, 2006.
An in-depth look at the various economic models prevalent within the telecommunications industry.
12,255 words (approx. 49.0 pages), 100 sources, MLA, $ 236.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how the Telecommunications Act of 1996 sought to end the monopoly that once existed in the telecommunications industry. Since its adoption, the telecommunications industry has been undergoing a period of rapid change and development. The entry of new players into the market encouraged them to seek new ways to attract and keep customers. These changes have led to a rapid influx of new technology and services. Many times what defines a monopoly is not clear in every circumstance and there are many pending lawsuits for violations of Anti-trust laws in the courts today. Economic models are useful in resolving issues of whether a monopoly truly exists, or whether claims are unsubstantiated. Previous models were applicable only in certain situations. These models are unreliable in predicting monopolies outside the parameters for which they were designed. This research evaluates and analyzes economic models that could accurately predict the existence of a monopoly in the Telecommunications sector.
Introduction
Rationale for Study
Scope of Problem
Statement of Hypothesis and Research Questions
Literature Review
Methodology
Sample Population
Data Analysis
Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The telecommunications industry is important and considered a vital part of our everyday lives. The telecommunications industry represents only a small portion of the country's Gross Domestic Product, only 1-2% (Stigiltz, 1998). While this amount may seem insignificant, the services that it provides are vital to every other sector in the economy. Telecommunications is the backbone of many other sectors.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is one of the most highly debated topics in economics. There are some that say that it has been ineffective and that we now have a monopoly again, as a result of mergers and acquisitions. There are others who say that it has had the intended result, but that the movement towards a competitive marketplace does not happen overnight. Poulson (1997) believes that achieving a fair market in Colorado will not be immediate and will take some time. There are others who believe that it is working in some cases and not working in others. Alaska is moving towards a more competitive marketplace on a local level. Rural communities often have a localized monopoly as there are not enough customers to attract competition (APUC, 1997).
Michael Porter states that "Paradoxically, the enduring competitive advantages in a global economy lie increasingly in local things - knowledge, relationships, and motivation that distant rivals cannot match (Porter, 1998). He is referring to what is known as clusters, which he defines as one place of unusual competitive success in particular fields. Examples of clusters can be found across industries and around the globe. Examples of clusters include Silicon Valley, Hollywood, the California Wine Valley and the Italian Leather Fashion sector.
Clusters can be characterized by the interconnected network of suppliers, service providers and producers who are geographically aligned and who have positive dependencies and cooperation with one another. Alfred Marshall's Principles of Economics points out that location based clusters that conduct specific types of business and economic activities form based on the sharing of "tacit" knowledge among business participants. (Krugman, 1991) The success of a cluster depends not only on what operating strategy firms employ, but also on the surrounding business environment. Clusters differ from the traditional definition of a monopoly in that competition and cooperation are vital to the success of the business. According to Porter, there are three overarching ways that clusters influence competition:
1.Productivity of companies is increased by the dynamics of a cluster.
2.Clusters tend to direct the pace of innovation through competition and cooperation.
3.Clusters actually support the growth of new business - each individual business can benefit from the scale of the cluster."
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Hostage Negotiation, 2006.
A consideration of various options for handling hostage negotiations.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses methods and techniques for dealing with crises related to hostages. The author contends that adept handling by experts can lead to a peaceful resolution of the situation. Experience, expertise, sharp judgment and quick decision-making should be employed for a successful outcome.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Different Situations
Considerations in Negotiation
Team Building
Well Being of Hostage
Movement of Objects
Prolonging the Situation
Rapport Development
Deception Techniques and Lying
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Negotiation technique depends upon the circumstances. For example in case of kidnapping the situation can be assessed in four different ways depending upon the kidnappers. "Kidnappers fall into four different categories: the opportunist or novice criminal; the religiously or politically motivated individual; the mentally deranged individual; and the professional criminal" (Zandt, 1993). The situation can also be defined as planned or unplanned. Planned situation occurs in case of political and professional criminals while unplanned situation may arise in case of opportunist or mentally disable person."
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Communication: The Key to Organizational Success, 2006.
Examines the importance of communication in the overall success of an organization.
3,385 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
In today's marketplace, the pressure to succeed is intense. Never before has a company's efficiency and profitability been so closely measured and studied. Without a well-tuned team in place and leadership to motivate and encourage communication and teamwork, a company is doomed to fail. This paper explores the notion that management of communication is a key to organizational success. The paper uses the case of NASA's "Challenger" disaster to examine the issue.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Organizational Behavior
Leadership
Motivation
Team Building
Communication Failure: The NASA Challenger Disaster
Communication Strategies and Recommendations
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"If a leader appears not to be concerned, then more than likely the team members will not be either. Internal cues, both verbal and non-verbal are extremely important to not only success but just day-to-day functioning. In order to avoid a complete break down in communication such as what happened in the Challenger Accident, one recommendation is to institute effective, reliable leadership because that will build trust and communicate skills. First leadership must be put in place then a change of policy can be put into place. There must be consistency with the chain of command where both the product and the use of the product are concerned. Everyone must have the same perception of the organization's objective. Everyone within the organization must be on the same page."
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Media Control in India and Hong Kong, 2005.
This paper discusses that the advent of new technologies, such as cable and satellite television and internet access, are challenging the traditional role of the state as the primary broadcaster of information in India and Hong Kong.
2,155 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that the citizens of the fledgling nations of India and Hong Kong have the freedom of speech; however, both nations have utilized their respective systems of media, from radio in the early stages of India's independence to the state-run television stations, to shape the national culture and identity. The author points out that a function of state broadcasting is nation-building by developing a national identity and by encouraging the integration of different social, political, religious and language groups, which are a requisite for ensuring the success of a young country. The paper states that, barring a shift to totalitarianism, Hong Kong and India can not prevent the continued access of their citizens to the internet and satellite television broadcasts.
From the Paper
"It should also be noted that STAR TV also reaches India. Pashupati et. al. suggest that the reluctance of government-run media to welcome companies like STAR TV may stem not from their "westernizing" influence but from the decreased advertising revenues that come with competition. This pragmatic approach to examining the relationship between public- and privately-owned media may well explain many of the governments' reservations about welcoming other media outlets (see Pashupati et. al. 2003, pp.266). It is possible that the preservation of national unity and providing information to the citizens is not as high of a priority as producing revenue for the state."
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'Ride-Alongs' and Privacy, 2006.
A paper about the privacy issues involved in press presence during police arrests.
5,984 words (approx. 23.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a case study of the "Wilson vs. Layne" case, a case in which news media agents took photographs of a mistaken arrest in a private house. The paper explains the legal process involved with the case, stating that while there were severe privacy breeches in the case, the court was unable to say that the homeowner, Charles Wilson, had experienced a violation of his Fourth Amendment rights. The paper then discusses the issue of media "ride-alongs," a practice in which police take media agents with them to capture images of arrests and police actions. The paper discusses the role of the press in police work, and points out the privacy violations which are a risk of the practice of "ride-alongs."
From the Paper
"When the appeal was sent to the Supreme Court, the Court granted Charles the 'certiorari'. The case of Wilson vs. Layne gave rise to the question of whether or not when federal and state officials issue an arrest warrant to a citizen, either at his home or elsewhere, can they allow the media to accompany them on their official duty? And would such an arrest warrant, when it is issued at the home of the individual, be considered to be a violation of a homeowner's Fourth Amendment protection as under 'unlawful search and seizure'? In this particular case, the Court held the ruling that if the media were to be present during the execution of an arrest warrant, then it was to be considered that it was in no way at all related to what the officials were doing during their course of work. The media dose in no way assist the officials, and in the same manner, they have nothing whatsoever to do with the execution of the arrest warrant."
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"The Financial Times", 2006.
This paper presented as a case study focuses on the current status and positioning of the "Financial Times" in the global media market.
1,613 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper details the strengths and weaknesses of "The Financial Times" an international business newspaper. Several of the strengths cited in this report include the paper's strong brand-name and solid reputation for scrupulous and reliable reporting while its weaknesses include difficulties in raising circulation numbers while trying to compete with its main rival "The Wall Street Journal." This paper supplies a concise analysis into the current standing of the "Financial Times" by focusing on the results of seven specific studies including the SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis and Michael Porter's Five Forces Analysis. This paper delves into the various opportunities and strategies available to the 'Financial Times" that will invariably improve the current standing of the publication such as expansion into existing global markets. The writer of this paper contends and explains how and why the "Financial Times" must learn to diversify and adapt to the global market if it intends to remain a prominent and respected publication. This paper also contains an graph illustrating the "Financial Times" standing in the global media market.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
SWOT Analysis
PESTEL Analysis
Michael Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Michael Porter's Generic Strategies
Michael Porter's Value Chain
The Boston Matrix
Ansoff Matrix
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Michael Porter's Generic Strategies are: Cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, and differentiation focus. Financial Times has successfully utilized an industry wide differentiation strategy. They have touted themselves as the most reliable news source in the industry. And, by utilizing pieces like the FT PM, they have further differentiated themselves from many of the competitors who do not offer this teaser preview sheet. Michael Porter's Value Chain analysis involves analyzing: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. Financial Times' inbound logistics include their newsgathering facets. The organization has a staff of qualified reporters and editors that are in control of the input materials."
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XML and Information Systems, 2006.
This paper focuses on the significance of extensible markup language, better known as XML which enables effective communication between various information systems and databases.
1,202 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the numerous uses for XML type formatting as it pertains to the storing or filing of data in an information system. The writer contends and explains that XML is considered a standard method for storing information and is deemed the ideal choice for use in a system that requires some form of communication via an arbitrary or unknown program. This paper discusses the manner in which computer programmers as well as Unix developers make use of XML while also comparing its effectiveness and functionality to Unix text formats, which are preferred by various experts in the field. This paper also explores how XML is used in various forms of online communication such as instant messaging.
From the Paper
"One of the easiest ways for a programmer to save data to a file or stream it across a network is to simply dump the data structures, unaltered from memory. Such data dumps are easy for the program that created them to read, and quite difficult for anything else. This has traditionally been a popular technique among Windows developers; Unix developers have traditionally preferred text-based file formats. (Raymond 2003) Traditional Unix text formats, while easy to parse, even without knowing the internal details of the program that created them are not formally standardized. Generally, a program must by specifically designed to read and write another program's file or stream format. XML provides a generic tool for doing so, often supported by an external library. The XML syntax should look familiar to any Lisp programmer; Lisp property lists have exactly the same structure as XML documents, and have served the same purpose since long before XML was intented."
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Fiber Optics, 2006.
This paper examines the science of fiber optics while also discussing its impact in the field of telecommunications.
1,226 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the roots of fiber optic technology back to the 19th century when a British physicist first discovered the phenomenon of total internal reflection of light. The writer of this paper clearly details the makeup of fiber optics, which are thin strands of purified glass that transfer information in the form of light. This paper examines the various uses for fiber optics, as well as the advancements made to this particular technology which are constantly evolving. This paper also analyzes the manner in which fiber optic technology has revolutionized the field of telecommunications.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of Fiber Optics
Design
Fiber Optics (Advantages and Disadvantages)
Advancement of Fiber Optic Technology
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Optical fibers are nothing but thin strands of highly purified glass that transmit data in the form of light. These individual glass strands have a diameter of around 120 micrometers and are bundled together as optical cables that can transmit data upto 50 Km without the need for repeaters. Each optic fiber can be divided into three distinct layers namely the innermost layer or the core, the cladding layer that immediately covers the core and the outermost buffer coating made of plastic that is designed to protect the fiber from weather and other external damages. While the core is the glass medium on which light travels the cladding layer is used to reflect the escaping light back into the core and thus minimize the optical signal loss. The lower refractive index of the cladding material facilitates reflection of light back into the core region. Thus by using total internal reflection, optical fibers can carry data in the form of light pulses over large distances with little loss."
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Media and Minorities, 2005.
This paper discusses issues of the media and its relationship to ethic minorities especially women.
2,960 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the media has come a long way during the past few decades, there is still inequity among television programming and ethnic stereotyping within the media in general; ethnic women, in particular, are feeling the effects as concerns employment and other opportunities in the media. The author points out that, although there are 38 million African-Americans and 41 million Hispanics in the United States, there are only one Black channel and two major Spanish-language networks. The paper relates that research shows that the portrayal of African-Americans in television drama, news and sports coverage has been based on negative stereotypes that do not objectively or accurately portray reality; moreover, many of the stereotypes encountered in early television, such as lazy, comical and inferior, have been replaced by new, more subtle representations, such as "pushing too hard and moving too fast" to achieve equal rights.
From the Paper
"In June 2004, MTV Networks and the Black Entertainment and Sports Lawyers Association jointly hosted the second annual media and entertainment panel discussion, and among the issues highlighted were diversity and the portrayal of people of color on cable. The panel attempted to understand how cable was better or less than able handling the issue of stereotypical portrayals of people of color, and how those images had an impact upon the broader society. According to one panelist, "quite lately, there's been a narrow sieve through which the images of people of color have flowed, and so some of the same stereotypes that we find in other areas of society tend to show up on television there.""
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"Information Rules", 2006.
Discusses the book, "Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy" by Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian
1,013 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Written by classically trained economists Carl Shapiro and Hal Varian, "Information Rules" offers readers practical guidelines for understanding and working within the new "network economy." The paper shows that by applying traditional economics concepts to new economic models, the authors suggest compelling ways of navigating through the nuanced world of information technology.
From the Paper
"Included in Shapiro and Varian's discussion are broad overviews describing and defining the information economy; business strategies that deal directly with the hardware, software, and online industries; information related to pricing and version upgrades; copyright law, managing lock-in; and other topics pertinent to information technology economics. Comparing newer corporate giants like Microsoft to old world technology bulwarks like Edison, Shapiro and Varian show how economics theories don't need to shift dramatically to account for the quirks of information technologies."
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Internet Dating, 2006.
A proposal for a study examining online relationships and their role in society.
2,191 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 90 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines a study that would focus on the role of relationships online and how they transfer offline, particularly in terms of their development, transition and ramifications. The paper suggests that such a study could help shed some light on the growing role of Internet dating and how it has come to intersect society.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Hypothesis
Methodology
Data Collection and Analysis
Summary
Conclusion
Review of Literature
From the Paper
"Harmon describes the transformation as a gradual one, eased with the lack of promise posed by purely physical relationships. Inherent in her study is the fact that an online relationship may not come to fruition offline; unlike a Friday night dinner date, no one is faced with public humiliation or the awkward kiss good-bye. While her discussion centers on the future of online dating through mutual subjects, her conclusion is profitable for exploring online infidelity. Many relationships cultivated online are now such an integral part of social life that the physical fruition is longer covered in a stigma, suggesting that the relationships based in a chatroom easily extend beyond the cables, power cord, and internet code of conduct."
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Language Disorders, 2005.
This paper discusses the application of technology to the management of language disorders in the elementary school classroom.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that language disorders occur when the communication of the child places him or her significantly behind his or her peers in the acquisition of speech or language skills, such as stuttering, phonological disorders or an impairment in the ability to understand or use words in context, both verbally and non-verbally. The author describes the use of computer technology for word processing, communication and the development of sophisticated devices to help students with specific learning and emotional disorders keep up with their non-disabled peers. The paper outlines a procedure for managing the use of a classroom computer.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Language Disorders
Language Disorders in the Classroom
Technology and Language Disorders
Classroom Management
From the Paper
"There are a number of elements teachers should consider in adapting the classroom for technology to aid students with language disorders. It is noted that time spent on planning will pay off when it comes to integrating technology into the classroom. For one thing, it can be very important where the computer is located, and it should be placed close to the teacher's desk, facing away from other pupils to avoid distractions and to facilitate the teacher who is monitoring the pupil's work on the computer. The teacher will want to keep a check on the pupil's use of the computer and so should set up a monitoring system with a pupil sign-in sheet or a checklist to be ticked off at the end of the session."
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