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2004 E.U. Enlargement and the Economic Results, 2006.
A research paper examining the economic results of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union.
5,700 words (approx. 22.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
The fifth enlargement of 2004 was the most ambitious in the history of the European Union. It was the largest ever in terms of number of countries (10) and population (75 million) acceding to the European Union. This paper focuses on the economic results of the enlargement. The paper questions whether the 2004 enlargement boosted the EU-15's and/or new member states' economies. It also examines whether Western European countries' initial fears were actually justified actually and whether the EU-15 paid the bill for Eastern and Central European economic success. The paper includes graphs and tables.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Challenging Fifth Enlargement has Undeniably Boosted Newcomers' Economies
Two Years Later: An Economic Success?
Has Western Europe paid the Bill for Eastern and Central European Economic Success?
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"It is almost impossible to draw conclusions regarding the migration of Eastern European workers to the EU-15 since all but three of the old member states (Ireland, the UK, and Sweden) have applied transitional restriction since May 2004. Other old Member States maintained a work-permit regime combined with a quota system, invoking an up-to-seven-year derogation from the principle of free movement of workers granted by the 2003 Accession Treaty. We can nevertheless notice that migratory flows from the EU-10 have been small, even towards countries that have allowed unrestricted movement of workers. This is consistent with the experience of previous enlargements: mobility of labor remains very low in Europe."
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"China's Economy: U.S. and E.U. Get Tough on Textiles", 2005.
A review of the article "China's Economy: U.S. and E.U. Get Tough on Textiles".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
"This paper discusses an article from the Economist Intelligence Unit, a publication of The Economist, entitled "China's Economy: U.S. and E.U. Get Tough on Textiles" as it relates to the price pressures on apparels in the U.S. market. These issues are examined from a macroeconomic perspective with an emphasis on Keynesian and neo-classical macroeconomic theory.
From the Paper
"Following the end of quotas on textile imports from China as of 1 January 2005, both the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) have witnessed a massive influx of textile imports from China: "U.S. imports of Chinese clothing swelled in January, a rush of new products following the end of international quotas that for decades had limited global apparel trade" (Chinese, 2005, para.1). While increases have been across the board, three categories in particular have seen huge increases: cotton knit shirts, blouses and cotton trousers, and these have been targeted for renewed protectionist quotas by both the US and the EU (China, 2005, para.2). "
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The U.S. and the E.U, 2003.
An examination of the differences between the United States of America and the European Union.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the organization and intent of the European Union differs from the organization and intent of the United States of America. It looks at the development of the E.U.'s original intent to a broader sociopolitical scope and the economic and sociopolitical dimensions of the organization of the United States.
From the Paper
"McCormick states that the original purpose of the European Union was to promote trade links between member countries which is still one of its main functions. However ..."
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Ukraine - E.U. Relations, 2005.
An analysis of the dynamics of relations between the European Union and the Ukraine since its independence.
5,554 words (approx. 22.2 pages), 36 sources, MLA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to analyse the interaction between E.U. and Ukraine since its independence in 1992. The material is collected through review of literature, policy papers as well as personal interviews with policy makers and scholars in Ukraine and Europe. It argues that, given the constellation of factors, the sluggishness of cooperation process between the E.U. and Ukraine was partially justified by the realities of Kuchma regime and the E.U.'s agenda at that time. It also looks at how the election of Victor Yuschenko in December 2004 signifies a new era in mutual relations, which requires much more intensive cooperation on both sides.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Common Norms, Values, Political and Socioeconomic Standards
The History of Interaction
Recent Developments
In Lieu of Conclusion
From the Paper
"Border's existence is rarely unchallenged. By the end of 1990s there appeared new lines of division on the continent between an almost united Europe and the rest. After the EU enlargement in May 2004 Europe's political boundaries still do not coincide with its geographic ones and Ukraine is very active in regaining its rightful place in Europe. According to Avery, 'the term "Europe" has not been officially defined. It combines geographical, historical and cultural elements, all of them constitutive of the European identity. The common experience of proximity, values and historical interaction cannot be gathered in a simple formula and should be revised by each new generation. Therefore, the Commission estimates that establishing the frontiers of the European Union, whose limits will be redefined in the next years, is neither possible nor opportune' (Avery, 1992: 11). Said in 1992, these arguments are still valid today."
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Unemployment in the E.U., 2005.
This paper discusses the rate of unemployment in the European Union and the increased unemployment seen within member countries once they join the Union.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impacts of joining the European Union, or the E.U. Member countries saw a drastic increase in unemployment rates as a result of their joining the E.U. This paper discusses some of the causes, where these events hit the hardest, and what could be done to prevent unemployment in the 21st Century.
From the Paper
"With the formation of the European Union, many of these regulations were either superceded or removed to foster additional competitive forces within the labor and economic markets. Workers were allowed to move from one employer to another faster with the elimination of employment contracts, and more eager employers. The existing hiring process had been a lengthy one due to this difficult firing process. ?Government-run job creation measures have made some impact on joblessness, but of greater significance is the growing flexibility of the labour market combined with a quickening of economic growth across the continent? (Lloyd, 22, 2000). Employers were now cutting this time because of an increased ability to release non-performing employees easier."
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The E.U. Common Commercial Policy, 2004.
This paper discusses the commercial policy of the European Common Market, or the European Union, which made it more than just a free trade area.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the major aims of the European Union was the creation of a single market, amalgamating all the members of the European Union into a single entity, by defining a common commercial policy, reducing the economic difference between the rich and poor members of the European Union, and stabilizing the currencies of the E.U members. The author points out that the European Union, contributing 18% of the world's exports, is the world's largest exporter, which exceeds the United States and Japan, both of whom contribute 16% of the world's exports. The paper relates that there is controversy within the European Union pertaining to the difficulties that economically weaker countries face by the terms restricting the trade in services outside the European Union and the use of their more economical labor force to increase their trade outside the European Union.
From the Paper
"In addition, the framework of the World Trade Organization with its trade barrier regulations gives the facility to challenge any steps taken by the third world countries that run contrary to the spirit of the rules of balanced trade. The European Union has taken steps to make these measures more effective by reducing the time limit for taking such decisions and also reforming the decision making process in such a manner that makes it no longer possible for a few countries to stand against the will of the majority by blocking the implementation of retaliatory measures. Instruments for countering counterfeiting permit the stoppage of copied or pirated goods to be stopped at the border. In addition the European Union has made arrangements and negotiated agreements whereby the import of some sensitive items is restricted."
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E-Learning in the U.K., 2002.
This paper discusses research in the U.K. about the use of the web as a learning tool.
855 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that e-learning studies show that the web has tremendous potential for assisting students not only in learning, but also in acquiring new skills to use in their learning. The paper points out that the main philosophical objective in integrating web-based e-learning techniques into curricula is to help the student achieve a deep-level learning experience as opposed to surface-level learning. The author refers to the ?Bloom?s Taxonomy?, which places the focus on a hierarchy of understanding by highlighting the student?s demonstration of the following: Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation.
From the Paper
"This e-learning research project was carried out using over 1,500 students and 75 staff members from 14 history departments across the UK; Design, English, Health and Religious Studies departments were also part of the study. The project evaluated twelve history ?tutorials? given to students (phase one), and also involved the development of Web sites specific to the learning modules (phase two). In the Web sites, there were to be found helpdesks, course news items, bulletin boards, and other support materials. The project?s intentions were to create a ?holistic learning experience? through the promotion of ?co-operation, engagement and involvement.? Why was this particular e-learning process created? According to Dr. Hall?s report, ?Conventional approaches to teaching and learning do not meet all of the needs and aspirations of an increasingly diverse group of students.? "
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Russian Access to E.U. Markets, 2002.
An overview of the issues concerning Russion exports to the European market.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses how the export of Russian goods to the European market (with particular reference to the European Union zone) has developed over the last few years. Analysed will be: types of products exported, tariff and non-tariff barriers, and the possible effects of the upcoming EU enlargement. The analysis shows that, while certain Russian exports are still having some difficulties entering the EU markets, conditions have improved and will continue to improve. However, difficulties may be encountered with the entry into the EU of countries formerly under Soviet influence and/or control.
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Turkey and the E.U., 2002.
Explores the Turkish goal of joining the European Union.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the desire on the part of Turkey to join the European Union (EU), the costs and benefits and the possibility of this happening.
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Accounting Standards in the E.U., 2005.
A look at international accounting standards into the European Union.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 15 sources, $ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the harmonization of the international accounting standards into the European Union as well as other countries around the world. It has several historical components.
From the Paper
"What began as a method to unify industries, specifically coal and steel, between France and a few western European countries in 1951, has today grown into a 25-country conglomerate. However in its humble beginning it was comprised of only 6 members and those countries were: Belgium, West Germany, Luxembourg, France, Italy and the Netherlands. At the time the only concern was to improve their industries especially in the years following World War II ("History of the E.U."). Today the E.U. is comprised of several countries, 25 in total. They are listed below: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (Scott 71). "
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E.U. Policy-Making, 2002.
An examination of the implementation difficulties which the European Commission has identified as undermining the policy-making abilities of the EU institutions.
3,207 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the European Commission has become aware of an ?implementation deficit? within the EU policy process. It looks at how its primary role regarding EU policy implementation is that of supervisor and overseer and how although it is responsible for direct implementation to a limited extent, the majority of implementation is delegated to agencies within the member states. It attempts to show how it is this subsidiarity of policy implementation which has emerged as the principal cause of the implementation deficit, although various other factors add to this problem. In order to understand the extent to which these implementation difficulties undermine EU policy-making, each of the primary factors which contribute to this deficit are examined and examples of actual EU policies that have suffered as a result are provided.
From the Paper
"A further means by which EU policy-making may be undermined is the presence of too many intervening links in the implementation process. The higher the number of links, the greater is the risk of failure. For instance, the EU?s anti sexual discrimination policies would go through so many links before reaching their intended target (e.g. an office) that the policy may have been ?eroded? to such an extent that, when implemented, it can be totally distorted from the original Commission policy."
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The 2004 U.S. Presidential Election, 2005.
This paper discusses the 2004 U.S. Presidential election, including background, election results and an assessment of what each campaign did right and wrong.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the 2004 Presidential elections were not as contentious as the 2000 election and may not go down in history as one of the worst election in history, it certainly changed the way many politicians look at elections and the way the Democratic Party will attack elections in the future. The author points out that the campaign issues were quite clear and quite emotional on both sides: President Bush ran on a conservative ticket, opposing moral issues such as gay-marriage, abortion and gun control: whereas, Senator Kerry's focused on the positive and was far more liberal on just about every issue, from gay marriage to foreign policy. The paper states that Senator Kerry's campaign could not rouse the American people as much as President Bush's could and it seems that many of Kerry's supporters and political advisors did not know how to advise Kerry; therefore, he seemed to "flip-flop" on many of his positions.
From the Paper
"Election week was a flurry of campaigning, political ads, and polls. In the Showdown States, many voters complained of numerous phone calls and in-person visits from both parties, along with many special interest groups who were employing every measure they could in a last ditch effort to elect their specific candidate. The polls showed the election was extremely close (nearly 50-50), and so, the campaigning was much more intense than many people remembered in previous years. The battle for electoral votes seemed all in Kerry's favor early in the election results, when many East Coast polls closed. Kerry won in many East Coast states, including New York and Massachusetts, but Bush carried the states in the Midwest, such as Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and of course, Ohio. These states tend to be more conservative in their outlook, and are traditionally Republican strongholds, and this was the case in 2004."
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E-Commerce and E-Business, 2004.
A paper that deals with four pertinent topics in the form of questions and answers relating to e-commerce and e-business.
1,507 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper answers four discussion questions concerning various electronic marketing concepts. First, the difference between e-commerce and e-business is discussed. Second, details are given as to why B2B has greater potential than B2C. Third, the concept of disintermediation is discussed and the type of business that could benefit most from this concept. Finally, reintermediation as a concept is discussed, along with the type of business could benefit most from this concept.
From the Paper
"When one thinks of thinks of the two terms ?commerce? and ?business?, little difference is found, and in many cases they are transposable when discussing business. However, there is a specific difference between e-commerce and e-business. E-commerce, which is short for electronic commerce, is in the simplest of terms business transacted electronically that involves money. The obvious example of e-commerce is selling products via the web, such as Amazon.com has been successful in doing."
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E.E. Cummings, 2002.
Examines the opinions of poet E.E. Cummings on technology and man's alienation from nature.
664 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
Poet E.E. Cummings considered any force that threatened what is natural and instinctive to be an antagonist of life, an adversary that men must confront before they completely lost their ability to feel and respond as individuals. The paper shows that Cummings thought mankind obsessed with technological advances and flashy advertisements promising the American ideal that he renounced the natural condition by developing needs for unnecessary things. The paper examines Cummings' contempt for man's alienation from his true self in the poems "pity this busy monster, manunkind," and "when serpents bargain for the right to squirm," which scorn what organized society has proudly developed.
From the Paper
"Cummings further expressed his fear of the degradation of man's natural state three years later when he wrote "when serpents bargain for the right to squirm," an Elizabethan sonnet that satirizes society's blind adherence to decorum and regulation. Here, Cummings demotes man from being a monster, a word that at least implies animalistic qualities, to being an unnatural unanimal. When such legalese as bargaining, striking, and signing on the dotted line is applied to creatures and events of nature, the effects are preposterous, and yet society accepts such irreverent behavior in man, once a natural creature. Despite the child-like language and nonsense comparisons in the poem that add a touch of innocence to the poem, Cummings? message is clear: nature is being ?separated from its most essential qualities?, left to exist ?simultaneously with his horror of a society seriously awry? (Marks 60)."
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E. E. Cummings, 2002.
An analysis of the literary style of the author E. E. Cummings.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the form and function of E. E. Cummings's work in relation to his symbolic message, unique visual writing style, and suggestions on interpretations.
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