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19th Century English Artists' Techniques, 2002.
Examines the contributions of Sir Charles Eastlake and Mrs. Merrifeld to the contemporary understanding of 19th century English artists' techniques.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
Sir Charles Eastlake and Mrs. Merrifield added much, perhaps indirectly, to our knowledge of 19th century English artists' techniques. This paper examines their milieu, and how they gained interest in the painting that they wrote upon, along with their published contributions to fine art scholarship. Both authors are looked at in the light of a particular cultural and intellectual environment.
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Mother Figures in 19th Century English Literature, 2005.
Examines the presence of mother figures in works by Thomas Hardy and Elizabeth Gaskell.
1,617 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
During the nineteenth century, especially toward its conclusion, women were beginning to break out from their usual molds, and perceptive authors used that fact to create some outstanding dramas and novels. Thomas Hardy was one, having written "Tess of the D'Urbervilles" and Elizabeth Gaskell wrote "Ruth". There are many ways to look at these two novels; however, one interesting link makes them worth investigating. The paper shows that this link is the presence and the absence of a mother figure that might have changed the denouement of both women - a happy, peaceful conclusion for Ruth in her passing, and a tragic one for Tess, hounded by men seeking revenge for her stabbing of her seducer.
From the Paper
"Hardy, a male in the Victorian age where sex was all done behind closed doors and shuttered windows, as if it never existed at all, took umbrage at the mores of men and women whose lives would be shattered by revelations of premarital sex. Ruth had no mother to comfort her during her distress, having been forcibly removed from Mr. Bellingham. There was no mother to run to when it was time for the baby to be born. And yet, near the end of "Tess", when she might have needed her mother more than a bland Alec, her mother was distant, and not at all communicative with those who wanted information about Tess' whereabouts."
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19th Century Artists' Use Of Self, 1999.
Compares artists' use of own image or perspective to an effect on the viewer in George Catlin's "Portrait of Mah-To-Toh-Pa--Mandan," Eugene Delacroix's "Women of Algiers" and Winslow Homer's "A Visit from the Old Mistress."
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Nineteenth-century painters were sometimes travelers who ventured beyond frontiers and returned with visual reports of their encounters with other cultures. In an age when engraved drawings were an accepted part of newspaper reportage artists' reports were not likely to be challenged.
From the Paper
"Nineteenth-century painters were sometimes travelers who ventured beyond frontiers and returned with visual reports of their encounters with other cultures. In an age when engraved drawings were an accepted part of newspaper reportage artists' reports were not likely to be challenged. But painters' accounts were not accompanied by texts and they often took care to insist on the fact of their presence at the scene and among their subjects. This served as a warrant of their reliability and facilitated acceptance of ideas or attitudes implicit in their representations of other cultures. Artists thus presented themselves as surrogates for their audiences--confirming, modifying, reinforcing, and re-shaping perceptions of other cultures. These painters employed different visual strategies as the means of emphasizing their roles as witnesses, and ..."
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Rape In Britain In The Late 18th Century and Early 19th Century, 1997.
Examines legal, social, marital, literary, theoretical, moral, class and feminist issues, focusing on the views of women as possessions of men.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of rape in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The plan of the research will be to set forth the social and cultural context in which the issue achieves significance and then to discuss patterns of activity within the culture that appear to show an evolution of consciousness and priorities in the understanding of the phenomenon.
The conceptualization of rape in Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries appears to have been very much a social construction that dominated the whole of Western society, whether in England and the Empire, on the continent, or in the U.S. Thus however rape might have been perceived or experienced at the personal level, the principal social fact about the phenomenon was that it was subsidiary to more widely held views of social ..."
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African-American Female Social Reformers Of The 19th Century-20th Century, 1995.
Describes the lives and careers of Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Fanie Lou Hamer.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The role of individual personalities in a social movement is often recorded in disproportion to the individual's achievement. Minorities have received short shrift in the past. Women in particular are apt to be slighted by historians who, until recently, were generally composed of educated white males viewing the past through a perspective that was sorely limited by lack of imagination and empathy. Needless to say, women of African-American heritage have been more likely lost in the shuffle of such opinion than white women and black men. As Arican-Americans in America moved from slavery to freedom, from segregated minority to still-being-attempted integration into the mainstream society, there has been a none-too-subtle discount of the black woman's accomplishments in the field of social reform. Nevertheless, there has been a strong spine of African-American ..."
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19th Century Art, 2005.
This paper discusses the revolutionary changes in society and in art during the 19th century in Europe and some of its artists, which altered forever the face of art.
2,085 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that painting in the 19th century, still highly influenced by the spirit of Romanticism, progressing through the "schools' of Realism, Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, proved an even more sensitive medium for personal expression. The author points out that the Impressionists sought to create the illusion of forms bathed in light and atmosphere, which required an extensive study of natural light as the source of all color, leading to the revelation that the actual color of an object is always modified by the quality of the light in which it is seen, by reflections from other objects and by the effects produced by colors lying against each other. The paper reviews in detail the work of Francisco Goya, Jacques Louis David, Eugene Delacroix, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, J.M.W. Turner, John Constable, Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas, Georges Seurat, Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent Van Gogh and Auguste Rodin.
From the Paper
"The history of 19th century painting in its first sixty years has often been interpreted as a contest between Eugene Delacroix and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1781-1867) who broke away from David on matters of artistic style, for he believed that David's art was too realistic and based far too much on Greek influences. For Ingres, painting encompassed flat and linear figures, a manner that was severely criticized as being "primitive" and Gothic. However, Ingres soon became the leader of the academic forces in their battle against Delacroix and his contemporaries."
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The Role of Women in 19th Century England, 2002.
This paper compares two essays about the role of women in 19th Century England written by Sarah Stickney Ellis (excerpt from ?The Wives of England?- 1843) and Jeanne Deroin (excerpt from ?Almanach des Femmos?- 1852).
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper defines that these two critical essays are essential studies of how women?s role in 19th Century English society shifted from one of subordination to a more liberal, even radical criticism of the society?s treatment of women. This paper discusses Ellis? essay, which talks about women?s subordination to men and Deroin's later essay, which criticizes the unjust and unequal treatment of the society to its women, particularly in their role as wives, mothers, and as women inside the family institution.
From the Paper
"Ellis? essay, an excerpt from her book, ?The Wives of England,? talks about the ways and actions a woman must portray in public in order to be considered an intelligent and ?rational? individual by her society. The essay is described as an advisory about the necessary actions a woman must do in order to make their husbands, or the men, ?feel like kings in their own households and thereby become aware of just how much they need their devoted wives.? Ellis started her essay by stating that the role of men in the society is essential and their role as the ?head of a household? are both vital functions to which the males of the society must attend. In effect, Ellis makes it clear that the role of women fades in comparison with the important work men must do to both maintain the stability and security of the society and his family."
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19th Century Literature, 2003.
A discussion of various novels from the 19th century, focusing on the role of the main female character in each.
2,555 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
A comparison of the characters in Jane Austen's "Sense and Sensibility", Samuel Richardson's "Pamela" and Fanny Burney's "Evelina". The paper begins by reviewing the literature that preceeded the 19th century and the changes evident in the 19th century. The writer then explores the roles of the main characters of each of the novels, as a part of their society and times.
From the Paper
"The eighteenth century was a very important time for the development of a new literary form known as the novel. As this literary form progressed, characterizations of femininity changed, reflecting changes in society. Samuel Richardson?s Pamela (1741) is a self-consciously moral antidote to the immoral novels of Aphra Behn, Delarivier Manley, and Eliza Haywood. The full title is: Pamela, or, Virtue Rewarded, and the latter part of the title forms the main theme of the novel. Jane Austen published Sense and Sensibility in 1811, nearly a half century later, and her female characters reflect a difference in attitude towards sentiment."
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Conservatism in 19th Century England, 2005.
A look at why conservatism dominated Europe in the first half of the 19th century.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the reasons why the dominant political ideology of 19th century Europe was conservative as opposed to liberal capitalist or communist. This paper describes the reasons Europe wanted to return to an old traditional society instead of continuing towards a more enlightened, liberal society in the first half of the 19th century.
From the Paper
"After the Defeat of Emperor Napoleon I in 1813 and his subsequent exile in 1815, Europe was at an end of three decades of political upheaval, continental war, and economic struggle. With Europe's victory over France came the recoil of the liberal ideological politics that had eroded the stability of modern Europe. Hundreds of thousands of people had been slain and the political and hierarchical traditions had been forever broken. "His conquests displaced a number of laws, institutions, and customs; broke through bonds sacred among all nations" (Perry, 153). The consequences of the Enlightenments rational thought was believed to have had been fully realized by conservatives. Europe had paid the penalty for their abandonment of tradition and religion for individualism and reason."
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19th Century American Theater, 2004.
Discusses the history of theater in America in the 19th century.
2,020 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
By the mid-19th century, theater in the United States had undergone a dramatic transformation. Theater became enormously popular and attracted a more genteel and wealthy audience. The paper shows how plays by American writers began to showcase social concerns, and actors and actresses enjoyed a new-found status as respected members of society. "Uncle Tom's Cabin" became one of the most popular plays of the time and typified American theater's new focus on social conditions. The paper shows that the last half of the 19th century marked significant changes in American theater. These changes were partially spurred by the large population growth in East Coast cities. As America grew, the number of theaters increased. Also as America's leisure time increased and wages increased, Americans looked to the theater for entertainment. The paper explains that improvements in transportation allowed actors and actresses to tour parts of America that had never had professional theaters, and the result was an explosion in the popularity of the theater.
From the Paper
"The historical accuracy of Uncle Tom's cabin was also indicative of the move toward the historical accuracy of sets, costumes, and dialects seen in 19th century theater (Robinson). The play is a 'melodrama', or simply a play with music, allowing American audiences all over the country exposure to the music of the Negro spiritual, which contained a complex mixture of dialect and music that depicted black culture of the time. In ACT II, Scene 4, Topsy sings 'Oh, I'se So Wicked', a song that characterized the life and dialect of southern slaves, and depicted the degradation of slaves."
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Anti-Semitism in 19th Century Europe, 2003.
An examination of the reasons behind anti-Semitism in France and Russia in the 19th century.
4,301 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of anti-Semitism in Europe during the 19th century. The paper explores the similarities between the anti-Semitic prejudices that engulfed France and Russia in the late nineteenth century and then shows how in France, anti-Semitism was largely a right-wing Catholic movement, peppered with socialist support in the aftermath capitalistic change. The paper also provides a broad definition of anti-Semitism in general.
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is not an ?identical phenomenon? similar to all countries, but rather based on individual national histories. The anti-Semitic prejudices that emerged in France and Russia in the late nineteenth century were both preceded by defeat in war, economic instability, and political change; circumstances exploited by the Judeo-phobic press and literature. However, while French anti-Semitism was derived from traditional religious dogmatism, and encouraged by the potent political force of anti-Republican Catholicism, the Russian experience was based on an ideological imperialism that was promoted by the government, and common to all ?true? Russians."
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Women's Suffrage in the 19th Century, 2007.
This paper examines the women's suffrage movement in America during the 19th century.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the history of the women's suffrage movement in 19th century America, with an emphasis on its leaders and goals. In particular, the contributions of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Fanny Wright are illustrated through their writings and lectures. The paper states that women earning the right to vote meant a nearly complete transformation of social norms in the United States. The paper also describes the connection between the abolitionist movement and women's suffrage. The writer concludes that despite the ratification of the 19th Amendment, women still suffered from widespread discrimination and continue to fight for equal rights even today.
From the Paper
"Susan B. Anthony and scores of other prominent suffragists rallied as much for the cause of abolition as for women's rights. One of the most notable companion causes of 19th century suffragists was the temperance movement. In fact, suffragist Frances Willard had been intimately involved in the Christian Temperance movement and in 1891 became president World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union. The temperance movement's primary objective was the reduction in alcohol abuse, and in 1872, the Prohibition Party became the "first national political party to recognize the right of suffrage for women in its platform," ("Women's History in America"). Therefore, the women's suffrage movement did not exist in isolation of other social, economic, and political causes."
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19th-Century Democrats, 2004.
This paper discusses the Democratic Party during the middle decades of the 19th century and the Populist movement.
2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the primary reasons people joined the Democratic Party during the middle decades of the 19th century were economic, the welcoming of immigrants, and the Populist movement. The author points out that the idea that the Democratic Party would create a more egalitarian country in which talent and ambition and energy mattered more than family background and connection was very appealing. The paper reports that the Granger Movement, which had strong allegiances to the Democratic Party, had broad goals, seeking to improve not only the economic conditions of farmers, but also their social status and political power.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A President of the People
The Grangers as Archetypal Democrats
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It was because the Democratic Party suggested that simply because a person wasn?t from a good family and well educated didn?t mean that he or she wasn?t just as good as anyone else that it gained in popularity. It was because it supported populist ideals that it dominated American politics during the middle decades of the 19th-century, until it began to splinter under the pressures brought about by the Civil War and Manifest Destiny. These decades saw the elections of Martin Van Buren, James K. Polk, Franklin Pierce, and James Buchanan as the Democrats won every presidential election, saving 1840 and 1848."
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19th Century Islamic Modernism, 2005.
Examines and analyzes Islamic modernism in the 19th century.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the two Islamic modernist explored in this study reflect the growing sense of secularization of Muslim society in the 19th century. The paper shows that although the likes of Jamal Al Din Afghan and Sayyid Ahmad Khan were not able to create a strong enough educational resistance to religious dominance in their own cultures; they were able to counteract a complete control of the British imperialism that used the ignorance of pure religion within their communities.
From the Paper
"This study will examine the nature of modernist reform in the 19^th century, which relied upon redefining Islamic ways of life through religious precepts. By understanding the reformers of the 19^th century, one can realize how technology and education was foremost issue amongst Arabs that sought to acclimate to, but not adhere to foreign imperialism that had conquered Islamic countries. In this manner, the relationship between western ideologies and Islamic faith-based principles were modernized through the creation of secular systems of thought. In essence, the modernization of the Islamic world in the 19^th century reflects knowledge of western technology and science, but relies on the dictates of Islamic morals and ethics in a societal format."
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Adolescence in 19th Century Japan, 2007.
An insight into adolescence in 19th century Japan, based on the novel, "Growing Up" by Higuchi Ichiyo.
1,382 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper provides insight into adolescence in the Meiji period of Japanese history. It uses a primary source - the novel, "Growing Up" by Higuchi Ichiyo to show how fiction of that period can give us better insight into the lives of adolescent Japanese children in Meiji Japan in the 19th century. The paper discusses the historical value of this writing.
From the Paper
"Higuchi Ichiyo's Growing Up is a portrait of youth during the Meiji period. It is a fictional account of a group of children's coming of age in the town of Yoshiwara. Yoshiwara is a lower to middle quarter with a wide breadth of characters. The characters that Ichiyo presents provide an interesting window into the life of young people in late 19th century Japan. The three characters who allow the most insight are Nobu, Midori, and Shota. Nobu is the son of a priest, Midori is the sister of a prostitute, and Shota lives with his grandmother who runs a pawn shop. Over the course of this piece of writing, the reader follows each of these youths as they struggle with the hardships of growing up and finding themselves. The historical value of this writing is that it allows one to study the maturity of children at this time and their role in society as based on class. It also shows the realities that children had to face at a young age and how much family determined ones occupation at the time. More importantly it shows the suddenness with which these life changes struck adolescents, such as the sudden movement from playing in the streets, to tending to businesses. It would be hard to imagine today, that kids between twelve and fifteen would be taking on the responsibility of priesthood, or the running of a business. It would be even harder to imagine a twelve year old girl becoming a prostitute, but this is exactly the reality that these children face. Growing Up highlights the sudden transition into adulthood that Japanese children had to make during the Meiji period."
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