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1993 New York City Mayoral Election, 1993.
Background provided and examined in terms of racial tensions, politics & strategies of major candidates (loser Dinkins & winner Giuliani), polls, ads, issues and significance.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
" The recent mayoral election in New York City appeared on the surface to be a replay of the 1989 election, with the two frontrunners being David Dinkins and Rudolph Giuliani in both cases. However, the dynamics of the race were quite different in the two elections. In the first, Dinkins, the more Democratic candidate, ran as much against the disintegration and uncertainty of the previous Koch Administration as he did against Giuliani, and ultimately he prevailed with a huge portion of the black vote and a share of the white vote, including--and even especially--the Jewish vote, always important in New York City. In the most recent election, Dinkins was saddled with the reality of his own four years in office and with a number of major failures involving the growing racial tensions in the city, and this time Giuliani prevailed as Dinkins lost much of that Jewish vote after.."
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New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, 2007.
This paper discusses the achievements of Rudy Giuliani as mayor of New York City, especially in the area of tourism.
3,305 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when Giuliani became mayor, New York was a crime ridden, welfare city, an undesirable place to live and especially to visit; however, by the time, he finished his second term, New York City was a very different place. The author points out that, to build the tourism industry, Giuliani changed the bureaucratic New York City Travel and Visitors Bureau to the marketing organization, NYC & Company, which knew how to target an audience and highlight the city's most sellable asset; its unique diversity found nowhere else. The paper stresses that the way Mayor Giuliani responded to the World Trade Towers bombing not only proves that a city can recover from such an incident but also even the travel and tourism industry can come back bigger and better.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Biographical Sketch of Rudy Giuliani
Rudy Giuliani: Crime Fighter and Reformer
The Rebirth of New York City Travel and Tourism
The World Trade Tower Bombings and New York City's Rebound
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Giuliani focused on the private economy as a driver of opportunity. He urged New Yorkers to take responsibility for their lives and for their well-being. He felt that the state should provide basic services, but that is all. The opportunities for prosperity rest on the shoulders of the people, not the state, according to Giuliani. This attitude shifted responsibility to the private citizens. It helped to instill a sense of pride and self-determination. This was the key factor in the ability to turn around the ailing city."
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Fiorello LaGuardia: A Legendary New York City Mayor, 2002.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the life and political career of Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia, and discusses the impact he had upon New York City, especially during the Great Depression of the nineteen-thirties.
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L.A. Mayoral Election of 1993, 1993.
Examines candidate requirements, primary, run-off between Woo and Riordan, campaign costs, personalities and issues, ads and ethics.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 29 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The Los Angeles mayoral election process is not substantially different from that of any other municipal elective office. During the filing period which starts about 90 days prior to the primary election (January 20-25 in 1993), a prospective candidate simply presents himself or herself to the City Clerk's office and files a declaration of intent (for which there is no fee), takes out nomination papers, and subsequently returns them within 30 days with the required number of valid signatures of registered voters--not less than 500 nor more than 1000 signatures must be presented along with the payment of a $300 filing fee; there is also a "no-fee" method of filing which requires the submission of at least 1000, but not more than 2000 signatures. There are also similar fee and no-fee procedures for persons who wish to run for office as qualified "write-in" ..."
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New York City Politics, 2002.
An analysis of the division of political power in New York City since World War II.
2,528 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the modern history of New York City politics, from the late 1940's until today. The post-war demographics are discussed, including an overview of the emergence of the Jewish population and its influence in the city's political life. The paper provides a look at the various different mayors of the city over the decades. The paper emphasizes the extensive multicultural population of New York City and the importance of the political leaders to acknowledge this.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Late 1940?s and 1950?s and Wagner
The 1960?s and Lindsay
The 1970?s and Financial Crisis
The 1980?s and Koch
The 1990?s to 2001 and Guiliani
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Following World War II, the Tammany Hall political machine began to lose the nearly overwhelming power that it had once enjoyed. The emergence of Jewish and Italian populations challenged the old Irish dominance. Changes in the loyalties of Jewish and Irish voters brought new political figures to the forefront. Political parties such as the Liberal Party (primarily Jewish) began to exercise influence in elections."
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Local Elections in the City of York, U.K., 2004.
This paper discusses that the reasons why the City of York, U.K., like many cities in Western democracies, is experiencing the problem of low voter turnout in elections.
2,425 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in a democracy, when so few people turn out for an election, it denies legitimacy to the government that is elected and often results in a government that is not answerable to the people because that government was only elected by a small percentage of the people. The author points out three main reasons for the small voter local election: the United Kingdom's use of the First Past the Post system for local elections; the age of the voters; and the proximity of the voters to the polling places. The paper relates that most European nations now use a proportional system for national and local elections, making the United Kingdom's use of the First Past the Post system for local elections somewhat of a relic.
From the Paper
"However, there is still a third variable which must be considered in this problem. The vicinity of the voters to the polling places has been found to have a bearing on how many people participate in the local elections. In areas in which residents live less than five minutes away from the polling place for a local election, voter turnout has been found to be very high, almost sixty-five percent in some cases. However, in areas in which voters lived more than five minutes away from their polling places, voter turnout dropped astoundingly to around thirty-five percent. This indicates that voters want convenience in their polling places, probably because people today lead such busy lives that it is difficult for them to take much time out of their day to go and vote in a local election."
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Giuliani and Leadership, 2002.
Examines the leadership skills of former New York City Mayor Rudolph W. Giulian and provides positive commentary on his effectiveness as a leader immediatley following the 9/11 attack on the Twin Towers.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Rudolph W. Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City, began 2001 in relative national obscurity and was deemed by many to be a mediocre mayor at best. But, by the end of the year, in the wake of 9/11, Rudy Giuliani became a national hero. Giuliani was given an opportunity to demonstrate resolve, inner-strength, courage, and dedication to his cause and country in rare fashion. It was his steady gaze and reassuring voice that carried the day; much more so than President Bush's visibly shaken, uncertain, even frightened flight from city to city in the wake of the attacks. While our President was hiding in bunkers and on airplanes, Giuliani was at "Ground Zero", making himself useful in a direct and incredibly effective manner. There was no pretense, no fear, just a great man who had never had the opportunity to demonstrate that fact of himself. Leadership, true leadership, has inherent qualities that cannot simply be tried on. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the leadership qualities of Rudolph W. Giuliani and to demonstrate that his is an assured political future.
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Mayoral Control of Public Schools, 2005.
This paper analyzes the rationale for and against mayoral control of the public schools.
2,780 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in recent years, the mayors of a number of large cities, including Chicago and New York, have asserted varying degrees of control over the schools in their cities, even though these cities often have independently-elected school boards, in an effort to improve educational quality. The author indicates that mayoral control can range from the mayor publicly supporting a slate of school board candidates to having the power to appoint several board members to having budgetary authority over the schools and the power to appoint the chief administrative officer. The paper relates that the research is not conclusive; however, in the cases of Chicago and Boston, where mayoral control has been in place the longest, the successes can be attributed to the right kind of mayoral takeover with clear authority and a highly motivated municipal leader.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Rationale in Support of Mayoral Control of Public Schools
Rationale Opposing Mayoral Control of Public Schools
Likely Impact of Greater Mayoral Control
From the Paper
"Citing the example of the first public schools system to adopt mayoral control, Chicago's public schools were by all accounts among the worst in the nation when Mayor Richard M. Daley received the authority to resolve the crisis - and a crisis it was: "By the time the Illinois Legislature gave Mayor Richard M. Daley control of the Chicago public schools in 1995," Merl says, "the system was by most accounts a mess. It was running a $1.8-billion deficit, schools were crumbling and student test scores were in the basement. A few years earlier, then-Education Secretary William Bennett had called Chicago schools the worst in the nation" Chicago in particular had invested much time and effort to reverse the trend toward big city government and a powerful mayoral office, so the Illinois legislature was clearly reaching for solutions."
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The 2004 Canadian Federal Election, 2005.
This paper discusses the 2004 Canadian Federal election, which was a watershed election in the political history of Canada because it shows the trend towards coalition governments as in Italy.
1,958 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Canadian Federal Elections 2004, also called the 38th General Election, which were held on June 28, 2004, resulted in the Liberal government of Prime Minister Paul Martin losing its majority but still were able to form a minority government, being the single largest party. The author points out that the elections were preceded by a 36-day intensive election campaign, which was marked by the fact that all the leaders of the three major national parties were changed after the 37th General Elections of 2000. The paper relates that Prime Minister Paul Martin was expected to have an easy victory and form the fourth consecutive Liberal majority government, but the impact of sponsorship scandal reduced the margin of victory and the Liberals could not have a clear majority.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Issues
Gender Mix in Nomination
Seats Won
Division of Votes (%)
From the Paper
"The Conservative party leader was quite sanguine when he said: "We will accept the verdict of the Canadian people but will remind the government...they will be held accountable." The threat of the Conservative party was a Damocles' sword having over the head of the Liberal government. The Liberal win had the seeds of its own defeat in its victory. Historically, Canada had nine minority governments and none of them lasted for more than two years. These minority governments have been limited by their ability to get their bills passed. Stephen Harper, leader of the Conservative party, realized that Ontario is the most important province where he did not fare well."
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Limiting NYC Officials, 2002.
An analysis of the recent term limitations law placed on New York City officials.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss how New York City voted for limitations on how long a public official may spend in his or her office. By understanding this recent event in New York City history, we can see how this has an effect on the present Mayor Rudy Guliani and how this will create change all across the board for New York politicians. This year, a new law goes into effect that limits the terms of New York City elected officials, forcing the mass retirement of most incumbents in the city - including the mayor, the comptroller, the public advocate, four of the five borough presidents and 36 of the 51 members of the City Council.
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The Election of 1876, 2004.
This paper discusses the 1876 election, which was marred by a controversy over ballots, and compares it to the 2000 elections.
2,955 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Republicans were represented by Rutherford B. Hayes, while the Democrats were represented by Samuel B. Tilden. The author points out that the 1876 election, a highly publicized and explosive battle between the Democrats and the Republicans, took place ten years after the Civil War, a crucial time for the United States of America. The paper compares the election of 1876 and the election of 2000; a candidate had to face defeat in the jaws of victory, the electoral votes were in dispute in the state of Florida, and the outgoing president tainted with scandals had completed two terms in office.
Table of Contents
Introduction: What Is an Election?
Brief Study of the 1876 Election
History of the 1876 Election
From the Paper
"The Democratic Party believed that the Republicans stood to lose due to the record levels of corruption in the administration of President Grant. The Democratic Party also believed that people were tired of the Republican Party as they were responsible for the economic crisis, which had hit the nation and had left them all suffering as a result. The republicans were also hated due to their constant quotation of the term reconstruction. Reconstruction was something, which the southern states, hated, as they had to adapt according to the plans laid out by the reconstruction process."
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The 2004 U.S. Presidential Election, 2005.
This paper discusses the 2004 U.S. Presidential election, including background, election results and an assessment of what each campaign did right and wrong.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the 2004 Presidential elections were not as contentious as the 2000 election and may not go down in history as one of the worst election in history, it certainly changed the way many politicians look at elections and the way the Democratic Party will attack elections in the future. The author points out that the campaign issues were quite clear and quite emotional on both sides: President Bush ran on a conservative ticket, opposing moral issues such as gay-marriage, abortion and gun control: whereas, Senator Kerry's focused on the positive and was far more liberal on just about every issue, from gay marriage to foreign policy. The paper states that Senator Kerry's campaign could not rouse the American people as much as President Bush's could and it seems that many of Kerry's supporters and political advisors did not know how to advise Kerry; therefore, he seemed to "flip-flop" on many of his positions.
From the Paper
"Election week was a flurry of campaigning, political ads, and polls. In the Showdown States, many voters complained of numerous phone calls and in-person visits from both parties, along with many special interest groups who were employing every measure they could in a last ditch effort to elect their specific candidate. The polls showed the election was extremely close (nearly 50-50), and so, the campaigning was much more intense than many people remembered in previous years. The battle for electoral votes seemed all in Kerry's favor early in the election results, when many East Coast polls closed. Kerry won in many East Coast states, including New York and Massachusetts, but Bush carried the states in the Midwest, such as Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and of course, Ohio. These states tend to be more conservative in their outlook, and are traditionally Republican strongholds, and this was the case in 2004."
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2000 Election, 2002.
A discussion of the 2000 U.S. presidential elections and a comparison to the elections of 1876.
993 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief insight to the main events of the 2000 U.S. presidential elections. It analyzes how George W. Bush won the original vote in Florida and then won a recount of the same vote and how the Gore team opposed Bush?s win, trying to hold on as long as they could. They claimed that the "butterfly" ballot used in several counties, including the Democratic Palm Beach County, was unconstitutional. It compares these events to the elections of 1876 between Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes, a Republican governor like Bush and how like the 2000 election, the outcome of the 1876 election depended largely upon contested votes, recounts and even legal posturing in Florida .
From the Paper
"The legal ballot used in Palm Beach County was actually designed by an elected Democrat official. Prior to the election, it was reviewed and approved by both Democrats and Republicans, publicized, and mailed to all registered voters in a sample ballot. New ballots were also provided for voters who complained of making mistakes. At the request of the Gore?s team, hand-counts of individual ballots were conducted in many Democratic counties, including Palm Beach. However, during the first hand-count in Palm Beach, the standard was changed for judging whether or not a ballot was valid."
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Election Poll Results and Public Opinion, 2006.
A look at how election poll results have been used to sway public opinion during a Canadian federal election.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This essay explores the use and power of public opinion polls by news media during a Canadian federal election. The focus is the Toronto Start and indicates the bias to the Liberals. Furthermore, whether it concerned placement, context, or lack there of, time and again, the paper used polling information to the best advantage of the Liberals, even when there was not much that could be done.
From the Paper
"The fact that The Toronto Star is a Liberal newspaper is well-known. During the 1988 election, for instance, the paper was one of handful of Canadian news outlets to take an editorial stance against the Tory darling of Free Trade, once again endorsing the Liberals. Since and before, the paper has been steeped in Liberal tradition, and this partisanship was just as evident during this year's federal election, as evidenced by the use of polls, in particular. Whether it concerned placement, context, or lack there of, time and again, the paper used polling information to the best advantage of the Liberals, even when there was not much that could be done.
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Election Cycle Politics, 2007.
An analysis of the problems caused to presidential policies, resulting from election year politics.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems that are created during election year politics and how they are often blamed for the demise of entire presidential agendas; even cherished economic policies. The paper explains the election cycle and then explains the executive and legislative branches of government. Finally, the paper discusses the power of the elected official.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Election Cycle
Executive v. Legislative Branches
Elected Officials
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The entire political apparatus in the U.S. is fairly tainted by special interest and lobby groups that have co-opted the political process for their benefit and gain. While the average citizen has seen his influence and vote become extremely minimized over the past 20 years or so, the influence of institutional forces and private enterprise has blossomed into clear policy forces. While the President may stump for votes in on Main Street during an election cycle, he spends most of his administrative efforts furthering the interests of Wall Street and Park Avenue which is where his party's largest political donors reside. Until this situation is resolved, the average individual will continue to have his or her political voice eroded."
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