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Social Protest of the 1960s, 2004.
This paper discusses the 1960s, a decade filled with change, when Americans threw off the aura of conformity from the previous generation.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the equation that caused the explosion of the 1960s was a simple one. ?Consumerism + cold war + denial = conformity?. The paper gives details about two leaders of the 1960s movement for change, Abbie Hoffman and Janis Joplin, each of whom contributed to the social protest mindset of the 1960s in a different way and became symbols of importance to the counterculture. The paper states that, if it were not for the 1960s, blacks might still be forced to the back of the bus, women would still be expected to stay home and not have career ambitions, and Viet Nam might still be going on.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What Came before the Storm
Social Protests
Compliments and Contrary Effects
Abbie Hoffman and Janis Joplin
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The social protests began at various stages. The south had them erupting because of the segregation that was still an accepted practice in that area. Other parts of the nation had them because of the Viet Nam conflict and all that it represented by way of government lies and the loss of innocent lives. Innocence was destroyed during this era, as the younger generation pulled back the curtain of the Wizard and saw that it was only a man dressed as the American government. Once the untruths became evident, the grass root movement to change the nation took hold and social protest became a way of life for the American people."
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Women in the 1960s, 2008.
This paper discusses the roles of women in the 1960s, along with societal changes affecting these roles.
2,593 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the 1960s brought about a great deal of change in American life as we know it today. These changes included the passing of the civil rights bill and the women's liberation movement. Both the civil rights and the women's liberation movement have been explored in a great deal of literature about the 1960s. This paper examines everyday life for women in the 1960s. The author focuses on educational and workforce opportunities in addition to family and marriage.
Outline:
Introduction
Life for women in the 1960s
Education and Job opportunities
Marriage and Family
Women's Liberation Movement
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although single motherhood was becoming more prevalent it still wasn't as accepted as it is today so many young women got married. Some married women were able to be stay at home mothers if their spouses had good jobs. However, this was usually only the case if the husband had some type of higher education. In many cases if both the husband and the wife only had high school diplomas or did not graduate from high school they both would have to work outside of the home.
"For women who could afford to stay home with their children, much of their daily lives were relegated to managing the home. Women would be responsible for cooking, cleaning, childcare, running errands and the like. Women would also be responsible for ensuring that different community or family functions (eg, birthdays, bridal showers) took place and ran smoothly. Although both working women and housewives were expected to maintain the home, women were becoming increasingly more significant in public life. This was a marked contrast from the 1950's when women's roles were more defined.
"Regardless of whether a woman was a housewife or part of the workforce her daily routine would include taking care of children; whether it be getting them to school, caring for them in the home or sending them to day care. If a woman worked and was also a mother she had to balance work life with home life. In some cases fathers began to take a more active role in the lives of their children but most of the responsibility in rearing children and attending to domestic affairs was left to the woman."
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1960s Liberalism, 2007.
A discussion on liberalism in the 1960s, focusing on the Civil Rights Movement.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how modern liberalism reached a peak in the 1960s United States, when the Great Society program, initiated by President Johnson, resulted in a number of significant reforms. The paper discusses these reforms, particularly in the areas of civil rights and social welfare. The paper analyzes how, since the mid-1970s, however, there has been a definitive move away from liberalism and towards conservatism in the American society. The essay discusses reasons for this change.
Outline:
Introduction
The Philosophy of the 1960s' Liberalism & its Objectives
Accomplishments of 1960s Liberalism
Reasons for the Conservative Backlash
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In the recent history of the United States, liberalism had its heyday in the 1960s when the Civil Rights Movement and feelings against social injustice in the American society culminated in the 'Great Society' program of LBJ that set the ambitious goals of eliminating poverty and racial injustice by launching major initiatives in the areas of education, health, urban problems, transportation, consumer protection, and the environment. Other spin-offs of the liberal era were the flowering of movement for Women's Liberation and the gay rights. From the mid-seventies onward, however, liberalism has gradually been overshadowed by a growing conservative tide in the US society to an extent that many observers have pronounced it 'dead and buried.'"
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The Positive Contribution 1960s Musicians, 2005.
An analysis of the contributions that the musicians of the 1960s made to America.
2,695 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, despite arguments to the contrary, decadence was not the message that 1960s-era rock stars communicated to society; the message was acceptance of the equality of races and the legitimacy of the demands of the Civil Rights Movement.
Outline
Pre-1960s: Attitude Towards the American Blacks
History of the Blacks in America
Music and Civil Rights Movement
Black Musicians and Contributions
"Troubadours of Conscience"
Elvis Presley's Contribution
Baez and Dylan
From the Paper
"When the Civil Rights Movement began, it did so in an atmosphere that very strongly believed that the Black person was extremely inferior to the White person, and music became the best means of changing the dominant attitudes towards the Blacks. Music contributed to the Civil Rights Movement's cause for equality in two main ways. First was through the songs and musical style of popular white singers such as Elvis Presley, Joan Baez, Janis Joplin and Bob Dylan. Second was through the popularity achieved by Black entertainers as the Supremes, Marvin Gaye, the Temptations and many others, among the White people themselves."
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The Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, 2005.
The paper examines the cultural revolution of the 1960s and its effects in American society.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how cultural revolution of the 1960s was a time when young people were angry at the world. The paper explains that they were angry due to losing a president, angry about Vietnam and determined to be different than the past generation of Americans. The paper describes how the cultural revolution of the 1960s brought about technology changes in communication and the media, saw young people take drugs and become hippies and they loved rock and roll. The paper discusses how many became activists for civil rights, women's rights, Vietnam, the war on poverty and domestic issues.
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1960s Cinema, 2002.
A review of cinema from the 1960s, using five of the most memorable movies from the period.
1,979 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes numerous films of the 1960s which focused on specific social issues, such as the sexual revolution, women's rights and feminism, the military/industrial complex, domestic violence and the breakdown of societal mores and ethics. The five important films referred to are all considered as quintessential examples of 1960s cinema--"The Apartment", "Dr. Strangelove", "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", "Bonnie and Clyde" and "Cool Hand Luke".
From the Paper
"In the 1960 comedy/drama "The Apartment", starring Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston and Edie Adams, director Billy Wilder focuses on the main character, C.C. Baxter (Lemmon), an ambitious and somewhat gullible young insurance clerk who tries to advance his social standing by lending his apartment key to several high-ranking executives who are prone to cheating on their wives. But when Baxter meets and falls madly in love with Fran Kubelik (MacLaine), the apartment building's elevator operator, it suddenly dawns on him that Fran is the same woman that his boss (MacMurray), a so-called happily married man, has been taking to his apartment for numerous sexual romps."
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Civil Rights Laws of the 1960s, 2002.
A discussion of the origins, progress, aftermath and implications of the principal federal civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s.
5,172 words (approx. 20.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history behind the principal federal civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s, primarily the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (the '64 Act) and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (the '65 Act) and their implications. The '64 and '65 Acts were enacted during the administration of President Lyndon Johnson and represented a culmination of a long struggle by the civil rights movement for recognition of the legal and political rights of African Americans. It analyzes how they revolutionized politics in the South and helped that region participate more fully in the nation's progress. It also looks at how blacks, other ethnic and racial minorities and women benefited greatly from the civil rights legislation of the 1960s, but how efforts since then by African Americans to participate more fully in American society have largely been thwarted.
Outline
Background
Origins of the '64 Act
Passage of the '64 Act
Johnson's Motivations
Legislative Strategy
Effect of the '64 Act
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Civil Rights Laws and White Backlash
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Further crises followed. The Kennedys negotiated with Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett to ensure the peaceful entry of James Meredith as a student at Mississippi University in September 1962, but they were forced to send in 500 marshals. After the marshals were overwhelmed by a local mob and had suffered 160 wounded, JFK sent in 5,000 Army troops. Both Kennedys felt that they had been double-crossed by Barnett. Weisbrot said "the events at Ole Miss did much to reshape President Kennedy's thinking about race, politics, and his role in civil rights reform." Next, anti-segregation demonstrations took place in Birmingham in the spring of 1963 where nationwide television audiences witnessed the brutality used by Police Chief Bull Connor on unarmed civil rights demonstrators."
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America in the 1960s, 2006.
This paper researches the accurate history of the U.S. in the 1960s.
1,742 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Americans have a historical perspective rooted in the concept of the "American Dream" and this distorts historical interpretations of numerous events in this society's past. The paper examines John Lewis' "Walking with the Wind" and Philip Caputo's "A Rumor of War" as valuable pieces of history because they capture features of the overall social milieu that was the 1960s. The paper concludes that many people today look back at America's achievements in the name of equality, namely, emancipation and the civil rights legislation and conclude that America is the land of opportunity, instead of the more reasonable belief that America can become the land of opportunity.
From the Paper
"Characterizing historical periods--particularly those that saw numerous forms of change--is an extremely daunting task, wrought with many hazards and pitfalls. Specifically, with reference to the United States, Lawrence Goodwyn identifies one of the most glaring problems, when attempting to discuss historical change, as being our national conception of progress. He writes, "The reigning American presumption about the American experience is grounded in the idea of progress, the conviction that the present is 'better' than the past and the future will bring still more betterment." Such a perspective--rooted in the concept of the "American Dream" as our national ideology--necessarily skews historical interpretations of numerous events in our society's past. For this reason, it is fundamentally difficult for people today to imagine precisely what the 1960s in America were, both with respect to individual perspectives and with respect to the period's overall historical impact. The latter is most troublesome because precisely what people choose to remember about the 1960s, and put into textbooks, are those things that tended to bring about the most desirable changes, as costly as they may have been. So, perhaps the best way to understand a specific time period is to investigate singular accounts of those who lived through the time."
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Feminism And Poverty In The 1960s, 2002.
Analysis of how the rise of feminism and widespread poverty brought about social and political change in the 1960s.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Analysis of how the rise of feminism and widespread poverty brought about social and political change in the 1960s. Factors that undermined traditional gender roles and changing roles for women. Formation of the National Organization for WOMEN (NOW) & Betty Friedan & its impact. Poverty & racial inequality. Passage of the Civil Rights Act. Antipoverty programs and President L.B. Johnson's commitment to the poor and the War on Poverty.
From the Paper
"In the 1960's, two major factors contributing to social and political change were feminism and poverty. The feminist movement in the 1960's promoted choice and equality for women in many different arenas of their lives. The National Organization for Women was and remains an instrumental group in bringing about such changes. President Lyndon Johnson declared a nationwide War on Poverty and pushed through a significant amount of legislation to assist the disadvantaged in the United States.
Several factors contributed to the rise of feminism in the sixties. An increasing number of mothers were working, which was becoming more accepted. Additionally, access to education for women increased; in 1960 35 percent of college students were women. Traditional gender roles were undermined by these ..."
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Hippies and 1960s Counterculture, 2008.
A discussion of the hippie movement and 1960s counterculture in the United States.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines hippie philosophy and counterculture in the 1960s, whose main catch words were, peace, love, drugs, sex, music and resistance. The paper points out that, although hippies often abused drugs, their main goal was to promote peace between all countries, cultures, and communities. The paper adds that the hippies' philosophy and lifestyle were greatly influenced by sex and drugs, in turn influencing many of the popular arts of this time period, especially music. The paper concludes that hippies were a determined group of young people with good intentions, trying to make a positive impact on the world.
From the Paper
"1960 was a big year for hippies and was basically the beginning of the hippie movement, or at least when it became popular across the country. A large amount of racial tension built up with the lunch-counter sit-ins that were occurring around the southern states. Most hippies tried to calm the racial tension and create peace between all ethnic groups. They were advocates of peace and love for all people everywhere. Many civil rights activists and leaders were making progress on the movement in 1960 as well. The Civil Rights Act of 1960 was signed by Eisenhower and put into effect that year."
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Civil Rights in the 1950s and 1960s, 2007.
An analysis of the problems and reactions to the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
791 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses issues that related to African-American civil rights in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s such as segregation and Jim Crow laws. The paper then considers the freedom riders, famous writers (such as Langston Hughes) or speakers and other reactions toward civil rights. The paper finally looks at how these affected the fight to win civil rights for African-Americans.
From the Paper
"Another important part of studying this period of time is looking at African Americans who made a difference. While many famous African Americans existed during this time, Langston Hughes was an inspiration to the poor, black people during this time and continues to be an inspiration to his people today.
Langston use humor and his love to touch the lives of others. "Langston Hughes was one of the dominant voices in American literature of this century and perhaps the single most influential black poet." Langston Hughes was only one of many famous authors that made a difference on struggling African Americans during the 1950's and 1960's. Another important figure during this time period was Martin Luther King Jr. that fought for freedom for his people. King inspired both African Americans and whites. Today, his speech, "I Have a Dream" continues to inspire people."
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The Women's Rights Movement in the 1960s, 2002.
The causes and preoccupations of the women?s movement in the 1960s.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Women's civil rights movement in 1960s, USA. It looks at the different motivations held by women taking part. Discusses the internal divisions and different groups within the movement and the goals and different motivations for protest.
From the Paper
"There was a great deal of variation in the causes and preoccupations of the women?s movement. Initially, the women?s rights movement emerged from the involvement of women in general civil rights protests. However, there are background causes that can be traced back to long before the civil rights movement. Protest stemmed from the place that women had in society at the start of the 60?s. The women?s movement was riddled with internal divisions and different groups within the movement had different motivations for protest and different goals.
The woman?s rights movement was very much tied up in the rest of the protest movement on the 60?s. It is often argued that the women?s movement originated from the involvement of women in race protests. This is the line of argument taken by Sara Evans in her writing that concentrates on the link between the woman?s movement and the black movement: ?the struggle for racial equality has been midwife for the feminist movement.? The argument runs that the movement started because of the experiences of white middle class women in the non violent protests about race. The argument runs that sparks of new protest in the women?s movement were ignited by the race movement in two main ways. Firstly, the women who participated gained a new kind of confidence. The protestation empowered them and they learnt that non-violent action could affect change. They also gained practical experience of protest and learnt ideas about the organisation and mobilisation that were vital for effective protest. Evans also claims that white women were inspired and spurred on by the strength of character of black women who they encountered. She suggests that there was a particular breed of black women who were particularly strong and resilient who played a role in the racial protest and that their unique sort of femininity was greatly admired by the white women."
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Radical Theater of the 1960s: Of Chicanos and Puppets, 2004.
An analysis of American political theater in the 1960s.
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how political theatre in the 1960s, for all that it bucked convention and challenged the mores of society, was also deeply concerned with creating mythologies and moralities that would be comprehensible both within the scope of history and of the moment. It looks at how this can be seen as especially true in the work of Luis Valdez and the "El Treato Campesino" and Schumann?s "Bread and Puppet Theater".
From the Paper
"The 1960s (beginning in the mid 1950s) were a time of massive decolonization of third world nations and of the broader human spirit. ?"The 60s was, then, the period in which all these 'natives' became human beings, and this internally as well as externally... 'minorities,' marginals, and women -- fully as much as its external subjects." (Jameson, 181) Radical theater at this time was much concerned with the creation of new identities and the just-emerging voices of minorities that had never been heard before in the mainstream discourse. It is against this background which one may set Luis Valdez?s radical political Chicano theater. "The 60s also saw the emergence of a new historical subjects, or at least groups that constituted themselves as subjects on the basis, for instance, of sex and race. Having formed social movements, these subjects contested institutional spaces but also declared a sort of counter-hegemony to the dominant social and ideological power." "
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1960s, The Age of Revolution, 2005.
A discussion regarding the cultural transformation of Western society in the 1960s, with a special emphasis upon America.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the cultural transformation that gripped Western and particularly American society during the 1960s. Chiefly, the paper examines the iconoclasm of the decade, the reaction against the "military-industrial" establishment, and the changing sexual roles and attitudes of the period. In closing, the paper suggests that the decade was a testament to the vibrancy of American culture.
From the Paper
"More so than any other decade of the twentieth century, he 1960s changed Western European and American society. From a loosening of moral strictures to anti-war protests to a re-definition of how American young people saw themselves in relationship to their government, the decade ushered in a new age and a new youth movement. The following paper will argue that the Sixties (particularly in America) was characterized by a transformation in sexual behavior, family and race relationships, attitudes towards authority, ideals and values. It was not an economic or political revolution, per se, but a cultural one (a seismic shift in attitude above all else) that touched all areas of American life. "
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The Anti-War Movement of the 1960s, 2006.
A paper describing the history of the 1960s movement against the Vietnam War.
902 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the beginnings, the leaders and the motivations behind the anti-Vietnam War movement of the 1960s. The paper also takes a look at how much the anti-war movement actually affected U.S. action in the Vietnam War and what lessons were learned from the protest.
From the Paper
"The beginning of the Anti-War Movement can be found in the Free Speech Movement that had already taken hold at universities across the nation. At Berkeley, Mario Savio, having taught lessons on freedom in McComb, Mississippi in what was to become known as Freedom Summer, began the movement. Involved in the Civil Rights Movement, Savio saw a correlation of the oppression of blacks in the South, the war in Vietnam, and free dissemination of information on university campuses. Savio believed that students were entitled, under the First Amendment, to practice Free Speech on their campuses."
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