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The 1947 Partition of India, 2005.
This paper discusses the impact of the partition of British India in 1947 into India and Pakistan and argues its harmful effects.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper sums up the social, political, economic repercussions of the 1947 partition of British India into India and modern-day Pakistan. The paper suggests that a more conciliatory approach on behalf of the political leaders of the day might have avoided much of the subsequent bloodshed and spared both of these nations the acrimony and animosity that presently lingers.
From the Paper
"The partitioning of India has stirred a great deal of debate. This paper will wade into that debate by examining whether or not the partition of India made sense socially, politically, or economically. More specifically, this paper will argue that the 1947 partition did a great deal of harm to India - and to Pakistan - in all three regards and that a more inclusive approach involving the leaders of the day might have spared both nations the tragedies that followed. With that in mind, it is to a discussion of the Indian partitioning of 1947 that one now turns."
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Partition in India, 2003.
A look at the history of the partition of India and the ongoing conflict between the Hindus and Muslims.
1,057 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the concept of partition within a country, with an emphasis on the the conflict between the Hindus and Muslims in India, since the creation of the states of Pakistan and India in 1947 after the partition of India. It studies the past and the present situation with definitions for its historical motivation and culture. It provides a brief history of the conflict between the Hindus and Muslims and examines how after its Independence, the Muslim India needed to establish its political and territorial identity and were directly against Gandhi?s view of a united India.
From the Paper
"Partition in India has not ended and it is far from ending. The territorial right that Masumi Jadwani deals in his thesis are political rather then religious and analyze it from a historical perspective. Of course, religion will play a role whenever the substratum citizen has to find a reason to quarrel over rights of some type. Conflict may initiate locally, bottom up but mainly it will originate from top bottom decisions. Eventual conflicts in India surge in a bulk of problems that exist for long time. Conflicts of Hindus and Muslims date from even before the British."
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Female Abuse in India, 2005.
An analysis of the abuse and rape of women during the partition of India, 1947-8.
8,834 words (approx. 35.3 pages), 48 sources, APA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
While the history of the partition of India has been written and discussed from numerous angles and aspects, the human factor and especially the cost to women has only recently begun to be researched in any real theoretical depth . This paper attempts to provide the political and colonial background to the issue of female abuse. It focuses on the broader societal and social issues that can be seen as engendering factors for the rape of over 75 thousand women. It also integrates the various feminist studies and theories that shed light on the immense suffering of women during this period.
Outline
Introduction
The Partition of India
Human Rights Violations and the Abuse of Women
The Causes: Religion
Cause: Women Subjugation
The Effects
Breaking the Silence
Female Abuse Throughout the World
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Partition was seen as a less viable option by the British as a result of the high economic costs of colonial governance and the effects of the Second World War. Another contributing factor that led to the social events surrounding partition was that the dissolution of the colonial enterprise resulted in conflict between the various political and ethnic groupings on the subcontinent. Before partition the various groups in India had largely united in their opposition to the British Raj. With the advent of partition they began to revive old wounds and differences and hence created rigid divisions which were to result in tragedy for millions. This division in the absence of British rule was to widen and increase enmities, particularly between Hindu and Muslim. "
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The Partition of Ireland, 2005.
A look at why Ireland was partitioned under the terms of the 1920 Government of Ireland Act.
1,369 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper details the background reasons behind the partition of Ireland and the inevitability of it happening. It then goes on to discuss the events as they happened immediately prior to the 1921 treaty and how the partition was cemented in the following years.
From the Paper
"John Redmond died in 1918 and left the Irish Parliamentary Party in tatters; it had been decapitated and was already on an uneasy base because of Lloyd George's earlier proposals and the wave of support for Sinn Fein after the 1916 rising. The IPP suffered a great defeat in the 1918 elections, returning just 6 candidates. The Ulster Unionists won 26 seats and Sinn Fein 73. These figures seem to give Sinn Fein a broader electoral support than it realistically had. Almost a quarter of the seats were uncontested where only a Sinn Fein candidate stood and while they had 69.5% of the seats they only gained 53.5% of the vote. With this apparent mandate Sinn Fein went ahead and set up Dail Eireann but this was not attended by the Ulster Unionists or the now almost defunct Irish Parliamentary Party., they chose instead to go to Westminster where the Ulster Unionists were the only Irish voices to be heard. "
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A (Re)Vision of Partition, 2002.
A review of Bapsi Sidhwa's "Cracking India".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Sidhwa's novel assumes a Muslim perspective - although her main characters are Parsee - and, in the process, restores some sense of balance to popular representations of Partition.
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India and Pakistan, 2008.
A comparative analysis of India and Pakistan.
2,677 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, although India and Pakistan jointly won their independence from Britain on August 15th, 1947, following a nationalist struggle within British Colonial India lasting nearly three decades, they differ greatly in matters of politics, economics and law. The paper also looks at how, since partition, India and Pakistan have fought three wars over the disputed area of Kashmir as well as a number of skirmishes although tensions between the two have dissipated significantly since 2004 when war almost broke out. The paper relates that the two countries have also been involved in a nuclear arms race which culminated in both countries testing nuclear weapons in 1998.
From the Paper
"The Pakistani legal system is based on English common law with provisions that account for Pakistan being an Islamic state. Pakistan accepts obligatory International Court of Justice jurisdiction, with reservations. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court, provincial high courts, and a Federal Islamic (or Shari'a) Court. The president appoints the chief justice of the Supreme Court and together they determine the remaining judicial appointments. Each province has a high court whose justices are appointed by the president after discussions with the chief justice of the Supreme Court and the provincial chief justice. The judiciary is prohibited from issuing any order divergent to the decisions of the President. Federal Shari'a Court hears cases that primarily involve Shari'a, or Islamic law. Legislation enacted in 1991 gave legal status to the Shari'a court. Although Shari'a was declared the law of the land, it did not replace the existing legal code. "
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British India, 2005.
This paper discusses the role of gender in politics and nationalist movements in British India, using a cultural anthropological approach.
3,745 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 37 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that exploring the legalization of women's rights is an excellent way to understand the gender issues in British Empire, which predated the partition India and Pakistan. It cites the example of how the British passed the 1856 Hindu Widows Remarriage Act, which officially allowed widows to remarry but did not allow inheriting the property left by the deceased. The author points out that Gandhi, persuasively nationalistic, believed in the equality of women, which was new to the Indians; Gandhi did arouse national spirits by wanting women to move with the traditional responsibilities. The paper reviews the life of Sarojini Naidu, as a front-line speaker for the women and one of the women who pursued a career as a politician.
From the Paper
"In 1890, Indian women sent petition to the Queen for legislative reforms. An immediate follow through was a practical representation of Indian women in English journals and attraction of English ladies in a 'desperately under-reformed' Indian society. This brings forth a mixed response in the form of proposed educational reforms and criticism of the old fashioned practices of India. It also brought in some famous British women ambassadors of the West. Such as Annie Basant, Akroyd, Sister Nvidita, Rathbone and Carpenter. In Bengal there were 95 schools with attendance of 2,500 in 1863 and 2238 schools & 80,000 in 1890. Primary school education was on a steady rise, from 5,486 in 1984 to 7,991 n 1905. But according to the Indian Gazetteer to the Queen, 1905, total number of female art institutions had risen from four (1894) to twelve (1905), with literally no professional college for women till 1905."
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India and Pakistan, 2004.
This paper discusses the history and relationship of India and Pakistan.
3,930 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that India and Pakistan have been arch-rivals since the partition of the sub-continent that took place more than 50 years ago; their animosity goes back a long time and finds its main causes in religion and history. The paper shows how this animosity has turned into a deadly arms race. The author points out that Pakistan never accepted the accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India. The paper relates that the culture of medieval terrorism has spread throughout Pakistan because the Pakistan government has permissive attitudes towards terrorism and uses Islamic Jihad terrorism against India.
Table of Contents
History of India and Pakistan Relations
Independence and Partition
The Fight for Pakistan's Independence
War and Revolt
The Kashmir Conflict and the Wars Fought between India and Pakistan
Civil Unrest in the State of Jammu and Kashmir before the Issue of Accession
The Transfer of Power in the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947
Accession
The Plebiscite
First Indo-Pakistani War over the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Second Indo-Pakistani War over the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Third Indo-Pakistani War
The Current Situation in the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Social and Economic Problems in Pakistan and India
Effect of September 11th on India and Pakistan
Pakistan
India
The Culture of Terrorism
The Nuclear Capabilities of the Two Countries
From the Paper
"In 1931, the Maharaja's officials in the Jammu Province disrupted many different Muslim prayer congregations and insulted the Holy Quran. This caused a massive outrage among the Muslim community. The Muslims held many meetings and processions. At a meeting, Abdul Qadeer delivered a violent speech against the Maharaja. He was arrested by the police and charged for sedition. During his trial, the police shot a crowd of Muslim protesters outside the Srinagar Central Goal, taking the lives of twenty-two demonstrators and a policeman. This day is known as "Martyrs Day" in the history of Kashmir, marked as the beginning of the struggle of the Muslim Kashmiris for independence from the Indian government."
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Clive and the East India Company, 2008.
A discussion of Sir Robert Clive's impact upon India and the East India Company.
1,966 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the towering personality of eighteenth-century East India Company Commander Robert Clive and how his forceful personality -combined with questionable ethics - established the East India Company as the de facto ruler of North-East India. The paper also shows how Clive undermined the legitimacy of the regional Nawabs while transforming Indian society in ways that created anger and resentment among Indians. The paper then looks at how the Chinese managed to secure a degree of autonomy in contrast to the Indians.
From the Paper
"The beginning of the East India Company's century of political domination in the "crown jewel" of the British Empire dates back to the 1750s - at least according to historian Philip Lawson. Specifically, shortly after securing the corporate presidency, Robert Clive was called upon to respond to an emergency in Bengal involving the capture of Calcutta by the new Nawab, Siraj-ud-Daula. While the matter is actually rather complex, what had essentially happened is that a simmering Mogul rivalry had spilled over into British affairs. Particularly, the Nawab had imprisoned 146 Europeans - of whom 123 died in one evening in a crowded cell. Suffice it to say, the Nawab's actions and the reckless disregard for the safety and security of the Europeans sparked mass revulsion across Europe (most notably in Great Britain) and Clive became one of the two senior commanders of an expeditionary force sent from Madras to re-capture Calcutta and rescue those Europeans who had not perished; the campaign, just as one might expect, was a huge success and marked the high point in Clive's military career."
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India and Its Independence, 2007.
An analysis of India's position regarding World War II and their desire for independence.
2,549 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the independence of India. It looks at India's political situation during the World War II and whether India was a country with beliefs that agreed with the War. It discusses why India wanted to be free from the British. The paper analyzes why India became involved in the war, the part Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Chandra Bose had in the war and the position India held concerning the war. Finally, the paper discusses how Bose believed it was better to fight with the Japanese against the British to win independence while Ghandi believed it was better to fight on the side of the British with the hope of gaining independence.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
India and Politics
The History of British Rule in India
India and Its Position at the Beginning of World War II
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Mahatma Gandhi and India
Independence for India
From the Paper
"Many of the leaders in India did not want to actively participate in World War II. History shows that Gandhi and Nehru wanted to tie any participation of their country in the war with independence for them. First, consider some facts about Mahatma Gandhi. This is explained in the article, "Mahatma Gandhi", (2006), Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's birth was in a small town called Porbander on October 1, 1869 (p. 1). He went to school in Rahkot due to the fact that his father was the prime minister of this area. Gandhi was actively involved in keeping peace between the Hindu and Muslims. One of Gandhi's problems was that he refused to see the two separate elements the Hindu and Muslims had (Mahatma Gandhi 2006). Gandhi wanted peace and independence for his country."
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India's Independence, 2006.
This paper explores the main factors concerning India achieving her independence in 1947.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the two world wars and the many economic factors that lead to India's eventual independence. The paper looks at India's political institutions devoted to India's independence and the British policy concerning India during the Second World War that impacted Indian decolonisation.
From the Paper
"Historians have contested the factors involved in the failures and ultimate success of the Indian movement for independence. Historians such as Stanley Wolpert believe the aftermath of the First World War sparked the mass movement towards Indian independence. However, John Gladdis argues the Second World War was the main factor that ended the British rule in India and understates the credibility of Wolpert's notion that the First World was the deciding and final factor."
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The Economic Effects of India's Foreign Policies, 2002.
Examines how India's economy was affected by its foreign policy in the years 1947-1990.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
Though the recent reforms in India are very interesting, they mark a distinct departure from traditional Indian policy making. The economic impact of foreign policy between 1947-1990 will be observed. This paper contains a schedule of foreign policy, an appraisal of economic development, a synthesis of the two, and, ultimately, an appropriate conclusion.
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India's Ancient Civilization to Modern Day Politics and the Legacy of the British Raj., 2001.
A look at India's development from as early as the 3rd millennium and how other nations and civilizations often imposed their rule on India. The primary focus of the paper is on how British rule in India continues to effect modern Indian politics.
3,960 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 107.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines how British rule has made an impact on Indian politics. Making comparison to Abdullah Hussein?s characters in ?Weary Generations?, the author suggests that British rule, in modern Indian politics, continues to be ?an unhappy marriage that still is not broken?. The second section of the paper discusses political institutions in contemporary India and their relevance, whilst the third section looks at Indian ancient civilization which the author suggests has led to a modern day philosophy of non-violence, religious tolerance. The paper concludes with a look at democracy in India as compared to that in China and Japan.
From the paper:
?The English made many external changes that led to the Indian people's desire and ability to become their own unified country. Although unification may never have happened without the influence of the British, it was the Indians themselves that eventually achieved their unity. The British could not completely unify India.?
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Contemporary India, 2001.
Discusses major internal forces & trends of India's political & social systems since 1947 independence. Developmental problems.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 27 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This research paper discusses the major internal forces and trends which have characterized the evolution of India's polity and society since independence (1947) and which suggest that India will eventually become a politically integrated, first world nation. The world's most populous democracy, India has maintained its political unity and made substantial strides toward developing its economy and modernizing its traditional social structure despite formidable obstacles. Especially noteworthy is the economic progress India has made in the past two decades to open up its economy and to make it more competitive in world markets, especially in the services sector. India's transition from elitist post-colonial politics to a more inclusive federal and electoral system has, however, been..."
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India's Economic Performance, 2002.
Explains India's economic performance by taking an in depth look at the economic, political and social change that has taken place within India during the postwar years.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This comprehensive study is aimed at the major economic, political, cultural and social changes and crises that have taken place within India during the period in question and it will attempt to assess the extent to which these factors have shaped the country's economic performance. Included in this analysis will be an assessment of economic development and social change, the economic and political aspects of agricultural change, as well as political change, political structure and the functioning of government. Attention will also be directed towards the caste conflict and language differences as well as the extent to which they have had an impact on the level of economic development that India has been able to achieve and the nature of this development. The main hypothesis that will be tested in this study will be the following: while India has achieved relatively significant economic advances during recent years, especially in light of the country's status as a Third World nation, these advances have been limited.
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