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The 1925 Tri-State Tornado, 2007.
An analysis of the cause, impact and coverage of the 1925 Tri-State Tornado.
2,006 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the causes and mechanisms of tornadoes in general, with a focus on the 1925 Tri-State Tornado, and briefly touches on media coverage of the tornado. The paper looks at how the Great Tri-State Tornado, an F5 that devastated eastern Missouri, Southern Illinois and Southwestern Indiana on March 18, 1925, stands out as a distinct statistical rarity and how it has remained the single deadliest tornado in history, even after decades of record keeping. The paper also touches on media coverage of the tornado at the time.
From the Paper
"The week prior to the tragic date of March 18 was unusually warm across the Midwest. A cold front was expected to bring showers and thunderstorms and cooler temperatures from Canada. On the 18th, temperatures rose into the 70s, about 10 degrees warmer than normal for that time of year (NOAA News). Severe thunderstorms formed just behind the approaching cold front over southeast Missouri in the early afternoon. This cold-front helped create the tornado's parent thunderstorm that was centered over northwestern Arkansas, as shown in the Weather Bureau's daily weather map issued that morning. The same parent thunderstorm originally developed within a low pressure area that was centered over western Montana two days before the tornado hit (Potter)."
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The Tri State Water Wars, 2004.
An insight into the 'war' over fresh water supply between Alabama, Florida, and Georgia.
1,378 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, from the beginning of the 19th century, many states in the western United States have dealt with each other over arguments on the supply of fresh water. It looks at how, during the 1980s, trouble started pouring out because of droughts that occurred and changed the water situation for the three states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. It analyzes the impact and the consequences of the request by Alabama to to build a new reservoir on the Chattahoochee River, the Flint River, and the Coosa River and how it led to what is now known as as the tri-state water wars.
From the Paper
"When the two other neighbors of Atlanta, Alabama and Florida gathered information of this proposal they realized that since they were situated downstream this would turnout to be a problem for them, as it would ultimately mean less water and also bad quality water. It was stated by Alabama, that considering that they were already situated downstream, the water that came to them already consisted of Atlanta?s pollutants. Now by reducing the quantity of water, the pollutants would be even less diluted. This was supported by Florida, that if the more water were taken off from Chattahoochee and the Flint River then they have less water flow in to the Florida Apalachicola Bay and this would ultimately affect their oyster industry that contributed to nearly 70 million dollars of their economy."
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Tornadoes on Campus, 2004.
This paper is a risk analysis and management assessment of a tornado striking a university in the Midwest.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that, even if you have never been through the ?tornado experience?, you can still be on the lookout in the sky for a greenish or greenish-black color common to approaching tornadoes. The author points out that one should be especially wary if local weather or disaster authorities have issued a tornado watch, which means that a tornado is possible within a narrowly-specified period; a tornado warning is even more serious. The paper relates that, no matter how many tornadoes you have suffered through at home or on your farm, it is particularly important in multi-storied, crowded buildings to move to the interior of the structure, preferably a stairwell or hallway.
Table of Contents
Step 1: Awareness
Step 2: See a Tornado in the Sky
Step 3: The Tornado Strikes
Step 4: What to Do before a Tornado Strikes to Mitigate Risk
From the Paper
"It is helpful to be aware of what a tornado is, meteorologically and chronologically speaking. There are four main stages in a tornado's life. These are the organization stage, the mature stage, the shrinking stage, and the decaying stage. In the organization stage, the weather conspires to create the classic, funnel-shaped cloud. The mature stage means that the tornado cloud is not at its largest size. ?The funnel then decreases to a thin column in the shrinking stage, and becomes fragmented and very disorganized in the decaying stage, although it is still a destructive funnel.? "
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Tornadoes, 2007.
A discussion of tornadoes from the viewpoint of an emergency management director.
1,329 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that tornadoes are one of nature's most powerful forces. The writer explores the strengths of a tornado, the type of damage it does and the steps that can be taken to warn communities of its possible arrival. The paper discusses the Doppler radar system that can detect a tornado while it is still in the sky, the tornado siren system and trained human storm chasers and spotters. The paper explains that one of the problems with tornadoes is their unpredictability, but as emergency management teams nation wide continue to improve, the public will become increasingly safer.
Outline:
Introduction
Damages
Assessment
Warning the Public
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Out of all the natural disasters that can occur, tornadoes are often considered the most damaging and the most dangerous. While earthquakes are unpredictable, they have not developed a history in the United States of frequent occurrence or many deaths. Hurricanes, with the exception of Katrina usually provide enough advanced warning that the emergency management coordinators can provide notice to evacuate. Tornadoes, however, often strike with little or no warning and they can come in "swarms" during optimum weather conditions(Gugliotta, 2003)."
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Tornadoes and the Damage they Cause, 2006.
This paper analyzes the impact of atmospheric phenomenons while primarily focusing on the causes and effects of tornadoes.
1,932 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the effects of tornadoes, one of the deadliest atmospheric conditions known to man. This paper also details the event of May 30, 1998 in which a tornado hit the small town of Spencer, North Dakota. This paper examines the differences between tornadoes, hurricanes and cyclones. Tornadoes differ from hurricanes in that they form over land, while hurricanes form over water. This paper explores how tornadoes develop as well as the atmospheric conditions that must occur to form tornadoes, including vast thermal instability, high humidity and the meeting of warm, moist air at low levels with cooler, drier air above. The writer also examines a recent trend, called storm chasing which has become a popular, recreational sport. Professional storm chasers include meteorologists and scientists who study storms to try to discover how to predict them earlier and understand just how they form.
From the Paper
"The National Weather Service (NWS) does have certain criteria that indicate certain weather patterns that spawn tornadoes. When these patterns occur, the NWS does issue "tornado watches," which can be upgraded to tornado warnings if the conditions persist or intensify. A warning tells people that a tornado may be imminent and they should take shelter immediately. Experts recommend that small, interior rooms are the best for shelter in the event of a tornado. Basements are good, but people should stay away from windows in any part of the house. Hiding under a heavy piece of furniture can also be a good idea. People are more educated about tornadoes than they were, and so they are better at protecting themselves when tornadoes strike. Many large cities have underground tornado shelters that help save many lives each year."
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The Tornado, 2004.
This paper examines the mechanism of a tornado.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that tornado observation and study date back more than three centuries. The author points out that the mechanism of a tornado is relatively simple when compared to the damage it does; a thunderstorm that has air pushed up into its storm over and over again provides the stage for tornado formation. The paper relates that, with storm chasers on the ground, airplanes in the sky, and current technology, the world knows more than ever before about the scariest natural disaster on earth.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Mechanism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Tornadoes form during the updraft stage of a thunderstorm. The updraft air begins to rotate and when this rotation occurs it forms something called a vortex. Wind shear is when the wind speed changes and the direction and height change. Wind shear is what maintains the vortex formation. While this occurs the rising air and up currents that are inside the cloud flow move in direction of the wind. This can all happen many miles above the earth while those below are innocent to its formation."
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Tornadoes, 2002.
An examination of the phenomenon of tornadoes and their effect on the planet.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the natural phenomenon of tornadoes and provides an in-depth discussion about what causes them. It then discusses ways of warning people against tornadoes and precautions that can be taken. It finally examines tornado frequency over the years.
From the Paper
"?Tornado? comes in English from a Spanish word ?tornada? that means ?thunderstorm?. As defined by Nation Weather Service, a tornado is a ?violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground and pendant from a thunderstorm?. Tornadoes result when there is stuffiest amount of moisture in the atmosphere at lower and mid levels, and when this condition gets combined with warm unstable air that rises above due to a lifting force. Initially, there should be some reason to cause air to flow upwards and to contribute in the formation of a tornado. This happens due to the fact that warm air is considerably lighter in weight than cold air (Earthbulletin). The buoyant air is produced as atmosphere gets heated near the ground surface. The heated air, which is warm and light, begins to rise upward and if during this phenomenon, a thrust of cool air is met, it further instigates the upward motion of air and could possibly trigger a thunderstorm."
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Lockheed?s L-1011 Tri Star Program, 2005.
A look at the Lockheed L-1011 Tri Star program and if it was a financially sound undertaking.
3,082 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a history of the Lockheed L-1011 Tri Star program and uses a break even and cost of capital analysis to see if the program should have been started considering the risk involved. The paper also deals with the politics and competition involved surrounding commercial aircraft development and manufacturing.
Table of Contents
Lockheed Martin's Tri Star Program
Lockheed's Break-Even Analysis for the L-1011
Cost of Capital
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the break-even analysis introduced by U.E Reinhardt in The Journal of Finance, the Lockheed L-1011 Tri Star program is scrutinized for its viability. Many of the article's ideas stem from the 1971 Congressional hearings concerning the emergency loan guarantee legislation. At the time, Lockheed was experiencing a liquidity crisis and large cost overruns on several military contracts. The Department of Defense refused to absorb these additional costs, forcing Lockheed to seek a federal guarantee for $250 million of additional bank credit for the completion of the L-1011 Tri Star program."
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The U.S. Army 1925-1945, 2007.
This paper discusses changes in the U.S. Army's discipline, training, duties and weapons from 1925 to 1945.
1,092 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that during the period from 1925 - 1945, including World War II, combat consisted of close range fighting. The paper describes how economic turbulence and instability hounded the U.S. army until 1925. Then, during the thirties, the U.S. army fell to seventeenth among the world's armies. The paper relates that afterwards, however, the U.S. Army recovered and in time became recognized as a prominent powerful military force. The paper notes certain changes but stresses that the concepts embodied in training, duties, weapons and discipline remain constant as they contribute to the soul and heart of the U.S. Army.
From the Paper
"According to the Army Study Guide, "America's NCO corps and designated discipline details just didn't happen, but evolved over the years, tapping ideas and innovations from many different sources" (Army). Influence of Baron Von Steuben, America's first inspector general, powerfully shaped the structure of NCO corps and ensuing discipline strategies and techniques, not only in the Continental Army, but ultimately within the U.S. Army. Von Steuben introduced and officially established "the Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States, commonly called the 'Blue Book.'""
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Tornado in Gallatin, 2007.
A newspaper article describing a tornado in Gallatin, Middle Tennessee.
1,062 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a tornado that ripped through Gallatin, Tennessee. The paper portrays how the tornado ripped through Gallatin and made national news for its damage and devastation, including the deaths of 12 residents. The paper is written as if the author of this paper witnessed the event first hand.
From the Paper
"The morning had called for storms. Residents in Middle Tennessee were used to storms, in fact some joked that the Tornado Alley had recently moved to include that region. For several years there had been storms in which Doppler Radar had detected tornadoes in the sky and issued alerts for the area, however, they rarely if ever touched down. Perhaps the worst that happened was a tail whipped out of the sky and damaged a few roofs before retreating back into the clouds. On April 7, 2006 however, the world of those who lived in Gallatin was forever changed, when a tornado not only touched down, but waltzed across the city as if competing in a final dance competition. When it was finally over, people were dead, businesses were destroyed, a college was leveled and homes were completely demolished."
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Predicting Tornadoes, 2002.
An examination of the process of predicting tornadoes.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the process of predicting tornadoes. The use of technologies such as Doppler radar and Optical Transient Detectors is discussed, as are meteorological indicators of tornado formation in supercell storms.
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Ortho Tri-Cyclen Website, 2002.
Analyzes the website of the Ortho Tri-Cyclen, based on a predetermined criteria list.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Using the format presented in "Criteria for Assessing the Quality of Health Information on the Internet", a policy paper presented by Mitretek Systems, this paper examines the overall validity and usefulness of the Ortho Tri-Cyclen website. It examines the site based on the seven criteria described within the article.
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Tornadoes, 2002.
Reports on the causes and formations of tornadoes.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the formation of tornadoes. This destructive natural phenomenon takes place very often in the Central region of the United States. The warm moist air collides with drier air to form super cells, which are massive storm accompanied by violent powerful winds.
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Suicide Attempts in a Group of Tri-Ethnic Adolescents, 2002.
A comparison of the effect of risk and protective factors on suicide attempts in a group of tri-ethnic adolescents divided according to race, gender and age.
3,258 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This is a critique on a research paper about self-reported suicide attempts in a tri-ethnic group of adolescents. It evaluates and critiques a study performed on a group of students pertaining to adolescent suicide. This study examines the multiple factors affecting recent suicide attempts in adolescents from three different ethnic backgrounds. The resilience model is used to describe and analyze the relationships between these variables categorized according to sex, age and race.
From the Paper
"Adolescent suicide is a major sociological dilemma and one that is growing with time. Past research shows that suicide is amongst the top three causes of death in 15-24 year olds and that this trend is multiplying rapidly in the younger age group. [Rew et al, 2001] Females have been shown to be more prone to attempt suicide and some ethnic minority groups seem to be more affected than others. Not only is this behavior a source of grief to the loved ones but its increasing pattern have also made it an important social, and medical issue. Previous studies have shown that both external and internal factors have a significant effect on the statistics relating to suicide. Data has been collected to show that physical and sexual abuses have a significant relationship to an increase in suicide attempts.[Rew et al, 2001] Feelings of depression, hopelessness and inadequacy are also associated factors to adolescent suicide. It has been seen however that even if these factors are present suicide attempts can be avoided by the influence of social values, religious influences, and peer support or social activities."
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"George F. Kennan: Memoirs, 1925-1950", 1991.
This paper discusses and analyzes the book, "George F. Kennan: Memoirs, 1925-1950", and autobiography of the American dipolmat and his career.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze the book, "George F. Kennan: Memoirs, 1925-1950".
This is a very meaty book, written by one of America's premier diplomats in the Foreign Service, who chronicles his experiences abroad during some of the most pivotal events ever to happen on the world stage.
In Chapter 1, "A Personal Note," the author states his qualifications as "I had inherited a detestation of scenes which I can only put down as a congenital weakness of the family. Many people plow more lucidly through the inevitable brutalities of life. My greatest assets were a reasonably lucid and open intellect, lazy and passive when left to itself but capable of vigorous reaction when challenged; a high sensitivity to atmosphere and to other people's worlds of thought; and an almost ... "
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