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17th Century English Theater, 2002.
This paper discusses playhouses and theaters in England in the 17th century.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that the English stage during the late 17th century was a time of rebuilding, and also a time of creation. There were many different ideas on what theatre should be and it was very common for one person to have an idea, and as soon as it was known, opposing ideas were quickly published, followed by various defenses of the original idea. The paper discusses several people who were well known for their opinions from that time period, including Jeremy Collier, John Dryden, Alexander Pope, William Congreve and William Stubbs.
From the Paper
"When the Stuart Dynasty returned to the throne of England in 1660, the playhouses were reopened. In August, Charles II issued patents for two companies of players, and performances immediately began. However, theatre had evolved a bit. The Royalty and the Nobility, as well as a few independent companies now owned theatrical troupes. Often the ones that had permanent theatres such as Convent Garden, Drury Lane and Dorset Garden had Noble backers to provide for the upkeep. Costumes were often second hand garments that the nobility no longer desired. Slowly the better-kept theatres became places to see and be seen. Often what was going on in the auditorium was just as much, or more interesting then what was on stage. The style of the playwriting was of a lesser form then that of the Elizabethan plays. It frequently utilized stereotypes and stock characters."
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Science and Religion in the 17th Century, 2008.
An analysis of the interaction between science and religion in the 17th century.
1,523 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the intense interaction between science and religion in the 17th century had an ultimately positive effect on human civilization over the succeeding centuries. The paper explains that these interactions produced played an instrumental role in generating the Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed the world, freed humanity from the bonds of religious dogma, and produced long-term benefits ranging from greatly expanded scientific learning to the dramatic emergence and development of democratic systems of government. The paper then points out that religion and science also clashed in the 17th century because they offered incompatible answers to humanity's existence, to the functioning of the universe, and to humanity's place in it. In the context of this discussion, the paper briefly examines the works of philosophers and scientists like Nicolas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo and Tycho Brahe.
From the Paper
"After lengthy observations and calculations, Kepler eventually discovered that although Copernicus had correctly concluded that the planets of the solar system all orbited around the sun, he had been mistaken in assuming that planetary orbits were circular instead of elliptical. The most positive contribution of Copernicus was his theory that the earth rotates each day on its axis, that it revolves on an annual basis around the sun, and that other planets also revolve around the sun. Yet as revolutionary as this theory was, it was not proven to be true until Galileo observed the heavens and made some startling discoveries that provided that proof."
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Utopian Writers of the 17th Century, 2007.
A review of different concepts of utopia as expressed by 17th century utopian writers.
6,330 words (approx. 25.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the utopian literature and ideas put forth by writers and philosophers in the 17th Century. It reviews and analyzes this literature from the perspective of literary critics and the writers who carve out utopian ideology and circumstance. It discusses the views that pinning down a definition for utopia is an exercise in opinion and not substantive fact.
Table of Contents:
Definitions Of Utopia: James Holstun
Definitions Of Utopia: Sir Thomas More
Definitions Of Utopia: J.C. Davis
Definitions Of Utopia: J.H. "Jack" Hexter
Eastern Definitions Of Utopia: Buddhism, Daoism, And Confucianism
Utopian Luminaries: Francis Bacon
Puritanism As Utopia
Utopian Luminaries: Mary Astell
From the Paper
"Once she had pulled herself out of the black hole she had been in, Astell was determined to do something positive for other women; and moreover, she wanted to help women in ways that transcended mere economic issues. She saw the "moral and spiritual destitution of many more" women than those she counted among the very poor and homeless, and she was very concerned for wealthy women who lacked humanistic values, according to Sutherland's critique. As Astell got her feet in the ground and became solvent, and later moved in high society, she "was deeply shocked by the superficiality of the lives of most women." Many of these wealthy women were just as impoverished morally as Astell had been impoverished materially and financially. In Proposal Astell describes in excellent narrative that she was "horrified by the waste of time, of intelligence, of talents given by God," Sutherland continues. And so, the book proposed the establishment of a "Protestant Nunnery" where women who were not married "could take refuge in a life of holiness and service.""
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Culture, Society and Gender in 17th Century England, 2008.
An analysis of the letters between Henry More and Anne Conway and what they reveal about the characteristics of seventeenth century English society.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at what the personal correspondence between noblewoman Anne Conway and intellectual Henry More - as well as at least one letter from her brother - reveal about the characteristics of seventeenth century English society. More specifically, the paper looks at the social ramifications of the age, the religious predilections of the period, the preferred consumption patterns of upper-class women, and the proximity of death to those alive during the period as all of these items are touched upon by the private letters exchanged between friends and family. Ultimately, the paper argues that Anne Conway was saddled with a variety of social conventions and burdens that even her social status could not help her evade.
From the Paper
"Moving onward, the correspondence between Henry More and Anne Conway is marked (in many, but not all, instances) by an abiding interest in religion - one very good example of this occurring in one of the early letters sent by More to Conway shortly after she had been married (More, "21: Henry More to Anne Conway," 53-55). In any case, it should be borne in mind that the seventeenth century was an age of high religiosity - not unlike the century before it which produced the Reformation and then Counter-Reformation - and More's religious sentiments are extraordinary manifestations not only of his own interest in, and believe in, the Christian faith, but of the extent to which the thought of the age among even the most lettered persons was informed by Christian sensibilities. "
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Absolutism in 17th Century Europe, 2005.
This paper discusses the origins and history absolutism in 17th century Europe.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the growth of the absolute monarchy, referred to as the Age of Absolutism, beginning during the reign of Louis XIV and ending with the French Revolution, was the origin of the modern state. The author points out that absolutism was largely motivated as a solution to the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such as the Reformation that led to a series of violent and cruel religious and civil wars, leaving thousands of innocents died. The paper relates that, during the seventeenth century, monarchs attained power and authority that were unprecedented, leading historians to use the term "absolutism" to describe these political systems; however, other historians argue that the term is misleading because neither the ambitions of the monarchs nor the results constituted political absolutism.
From the Paper
"From appearance of nation-states in Europe during the middle of the millennium until the latter half of the twentieth century is, it seemed probably that some form of absolutism would be the dominant pattern for the most powerful and successful of those states. The triumph of societies based upon limited forms of government over their absolutist rivals is one of the most surprising and significant developments of the millennium. By 1715, Paris had become one of the greatest cities in Europe, whereas a century before, it was still very much a medieval town."
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17th Century France and French Literature, 2005.
An analysis of three 17th century French works: Jean Racine's "Andromache" and Jean Moliere's "Tartuffe" and "The Misanthrope".
1,044 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
Through a comparison and contrast of these works, this paper explains how each one reveals a richly layered analysis of 17 century France, its politics, culture and society.
From the Paper
"Moliere's work is greatly respected and vastly studied by contemporary academia, but in the author's time it was frequently shunned and even banned for its elements of harsh criticism against the religious and social status quo. A satirical work, Tartuffe was found so offensive to its audience that it was banned after its seminal presentation (Slater xviii). Not only did Moliere's exposure of the hypocrisy he observed in his environment, but also his discussion of religious wrong-doings gave the French public-not to mention the French bureaucracy-much to criticize."
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Marvell & Donne: 17th Century Metaphysical Poetry, 1996.
Analyzes 17th century metaphysical poetry by comparing & contrasting two poems: Andrew Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress" & John Donne's Valediction Forbidding Mourning.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The poems "To His Coy Mistress" by Andrew Marvell and "Valediction Forbidding Mourning" by John Donne are both examples of what is called metaphysical poetry from the seventeenth century. This poetry was produced by a group of poets of the seventeenth century, called the metaphysical poets by critics Herbert Grierson and T.S. Eliot because the poets showed certain similarities in their philosophical conception of the universe and in the way they expressed this philosophical view in their poetry (Lanstaff and Kermode 14).
Andrew Marvell wrote such poetry and addressed a number of recurring themes, shaping his poetry through symbolism and the development of involved conceits that included more than a little sense of coy humor along with the philosophical base (Roth 98). "To His Coy Mistress" is a poem of seduction offered as..."
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Dutch Artists from the 15th to the 17th Century, 1994.
This paper discusses five landscapes painters (Jacob van Ruisdael, Jan Lievens, Salomon van Ruysdael, Jan van Goyen, and Aert van der Neer) from Baroque Era (15th -17th Century) in Netherlands: Cultural and historical influences, style, subjects, themes
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 12 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss landscape scenes painted by Dutch artists during the Baroque Era, from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries. Special emphasis will be placed upon five painters of the seventeenth century, namely Jacob van Ruisdael, Jan Lievens, Salomon van Ruysdael, Jan van Goyen, and Aert van der Neer. A number of landscape paintings by these artists will be analyzed in detail. Landscapes were a popular subject for painters during the Baroque period. This paper will show that although landscape paintings of the period share many motifs and characteristics in common, the field of landscape painting was broad enough to enable individual artists to express their own unique styles and ideas despite any similarities of subject matter. In fact, individual self-expression in painting was of particular importance to Dutch artists in the seventeenth ... "
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17th Century Dutch Art, 2007.
A review of "The Art of Describing, Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century," written by Svetlana Alpers.
1,061 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes 17th century Dutch art and reviews the book "The Art of Describing, Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century," written by Svetlana Alpers. The paper discusses Alpers' assertion that Dutch visual culture needs to be examined more closely in order to better understand the Dutch genre in its own terms. It briefly discusses the origins and technique of Dutch art.
From the Paper
"Was it the influence of Baconian philosophy or new excitement over technology and exploration...or simply a grounded earthy pragmatism the Dutch environment encouraged? Alpers exhaustively-researched book invites one to ponder not simply on the art but the people who place such emphasis on individuals and things. A closeness and fondness for the overlooked or underappreciated is in these works, an empathy that suddenly seems badly missing in Italian art. Not every facet of Alpers book succeeds; lengthy translations and unexpected foreign phrases complicate an already excessively complex academic text. Still one finds surprising anecdotal humor and a refreshingly allegory-free people in the Dutch - and a feeling that Alpers may be winning the argument for deeper meaning behind the elegant brushwork!"
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Dutch 17th Century Painting, 2002.
A look at the domestic heroine and the love-sick maiden in Dutch seventeenth century painting.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 19 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper examines and analyzes images of the domestic heroine and the love-sick maiden in Dutch seventeenth century painting. Domesticity and female complaints are contrasted as they are presented in selected works by seventeenth century Dutch genre painters such as De Hooch, Steen, Maes, and Vermeer.
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17th Century Europe, 2006.
A comparison between England and France in the seventeenth century.
2,543 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an extensive comparison between the constitutional developments in England and France by discussing civil war, territory and reasons for revolt. It also explores the connection between politics and religion and their involvement or hindrance in creating a constitutional government in the fore-mentioned countries.
From the Paper
"In 1683, Louis XIV's most important minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, died. He exercised a tremendous influence on the royal coffers, as they had tripled under his supervision. Unfortunately, the people of France did not always reap the benefits of Colbert's plans and did not bring prosperity to the common people of France. His numerous wars and extravagant palaces effectively bankrupted the nation, forcing him to levy high taxes on the peasants. As the nobility and clergy had been exempted from paying taxes, the peasantry came to resent them, and opposed the royal absolutism established by Louis."
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History of England: Reformation (16th-17th century), 2000.
A look at the foundation for separation, looking back over three centuries preceding the reformation which led to the change.
2,116 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 66.95
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From the Paper
"English reformation is a perplexing issue, influenced by the continent, yet indigenous in its character. The multiplicity of issues makes it difficult to identify a single rationale, but one thing is certain, the Church of England?s constitution is domestic in its origin. The foundation for separation dates back to the period when the Roman?s empire was contracting in defense against barbarians from northern Europe. During that time, England had little contact with Rome and was left without influence from Rome for a number of years. "
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Latin Women in 17th - 19th Centuries, 2006.
Examines issues relating to marriage, sexuality and childbirth of Latin women through these centuries.
4,948 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the sexual and marital lives of women in four major Latin American cities between the 17th and 19th centuries. By analyzing and comparing the experiences of women in Mexico City, Bahia, Buenos Aries and Lima, this paper shows that while there were certainly some differences in the intimate lives of the populations in these areas, there were more often vastly similar social norms and religious institutions which resulted in similar life experiences from one major city to another. Further, this paper discusses these differences and similarities in terms of their effects on the sexual and marital lives of the women in colonial Latin America.
From the Paper
"Only women who were virgins when single, monogamous when married, and chaste when widowed were allowed legal discourse (Seed 1988). Sexual crimes such as concubinage, incest, bigamy, and abortion were often harshly punished when the offender were female (Seed 1988). Further, prostitution was illegal, as was adultery, and both were punishable by a loss of dowry and shares of community property, or imprisonment. In drastic cases, the husband was allowed to kill the woman (Seed 1988)."
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Quakerism in the 17th and 18th Centuries, 1994.
An examination of Quakerism and assimilation into American society.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 45.95
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A look at the colonization of Quakers in the Northern Midlands during the 17th and 18th centuries. The author examines Fischer's Albion's Seed that reflects characteristics of Quakerism. A look at their society.
From the Paper
"In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, America saw a colonization of Quakers emerging in the northern midlands. During that time a man named John Woolman was born in Northampton, West Jersey. In his Journal, he showed characteristics of Quakerism which are described in Fischer's Albion's Seed.These aspects are such things as wealth ways, dress ways, death ways, and freedom ways."
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Women in 16th Century Europe, 2002.
An analysis of two literary works, illustrating their strong portrayal of women in late 16th century and early 17th century Europe.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the literary works, "Magdalena and Balthasar" by Ozment and "Mother Courage and her Children" by Brecht. The writer describes the two leading female characters of these two books, Magdalena and Anna, and draws comparisons between their strong personalities.
From the Paper
"It is in Ozment?s and Brecht?s portrayal of the feminine side of Magdalena and Mother Courage that, prima facie, there is a marked difference. Mother Courage is portrayed as almost callous and uncaring in the manner in which she carries on her business even while she is on the verge of loosing her children or her immunity to the peasants? suffering, to the point where she will not give up her shirts to provided bandages for the wounded (Scene 5). "
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