| Papers [391-405] of 1786 :: [Page 27 of 120] | | Go to page : <— 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 —> | |
|
|
Bdelloid Rotifer Reproduction, 2005.
An examination of the reproduction characteristics of Bdelloid Rofiers.
2,015 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Rotifers are, perhaps, one of the most interesting phyla of microscopic pseudocoelomate animals on the face of the planet. This paper looks at how the bdelloids reproduce and how have they been able to evolve successfully with asexual reproduction.
From the Paper
"The corona of the rotifer is composed of several ciliated tufts positioned around the mouth. When these tufts are in motion, they resemble a wheel, hence the name. It is the motion of these tufts that sweep food into the mouth of the rotifer and is then chewed by the mastax that contains tiny jaws. In addition to feeding, the motion of these tufts provides locomotion, pulling the rotifer through the water (Ryan, 2004). (See Images 1 ? 4)"
| |
|
G Protein-Linked Receptors, 2004.
An analysis of G protein-linked receptors in communication between cells.
3,973 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes the fundamentals of the large and complex body of information already collected and still in progress on the subject of G protein-linked receptors. The paper highlights the basic nature of G protein-linked signaling and explains how physiological regulation occurs through particular mechanisms.
From the Paper
"Cells in multi-cellular organisms, like animals, need to communicate among themselves in directing and regulating growth, development and organization (Altruis Biomedical Network 2003). Such communication modes include secreting chemicals that signal to distant cells, display cell surface chemicals that influence other cells in direct physical contact, and directly through porous cellular points called gap junctions (Altruis Biomedical Network). Endocrine signaling demonstrates the first mode, wherein hormones are secreted in the bloodstream to distant target cells. Paracrine signaling illustrates the second mode, wherein local chemical mediators are secreted and act only on cells in the proximate environment. And synaptic signaling exhibits the third mode, wherein molecules are released by vesicles at those junctions called synapses. The molecules are neurotransmitters that spread out and act only on the postsynaptic target cell (Altruis Biomedical Network). Protein receptor molecules that are on or within the target cells bind to the hormone, paracrine or neurotransmitter and a response results, depending on the speed and selectivity of the delivered signal."
| |
|
Genetic Testing, 2005.
An overview of the moral issues concerned with genetic testing and a look at positive and negative attributes.
1,393 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 46.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines Shelley Burtt?s writing, ?Dilemmas of Genetic Testing?, as well as other sources on the subject of genetic testing. After having examined the resources available, an opinion is formed as to whether genetic testing is positive or negative for the patient and the expected child.
From the Paper
"Genetic testing is becoming an option more commonly used by women during pregnancies to assess particular information concerning the health of the fetus they carry. Shelley Burtt?s writing questions the response to the new technology of genetic testing and the fact that the autonomy of individuals is being set aside as to their choices in continuing a pregnancy where the fetus is found to have genetic defects."
| |
|
Forensic Entomology, 2005.
A discussion of the concept of forensic entomology and its uses.
2,415 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Forensic entomology is a relatively new area of study when it comes to murder, but it can tell a great deal that is very helpful to homicide investigations and other areas of law and medicine. It is for this reason that the interest in forensic entomology has continued to grow, and the field appears to fascinate many people. This is especially true when they begin to realize how much insects can tell humans. For the purposes of this paper, the field of forensic entomology is discussed only as it deals with homicide and what the insects on a corpse can tell medical examiners and law enforcement about time and place of death. The dipteran life cycle is also discussed, as it plays an important role in many of these kinds of investigations and is quite often used by forensic entomologists that are seeking answers.
From the Paper
"Many laypeople became interested in forensic entomology through movies such as ?The Silence of the Lambs,? because forensic entomologists figured somewhat prominently in the movie. These forensic entomologists are now considered ?cool? by many people who find the field gruesome and fascinating at the same time. This somewhat morbid fascination with death and what can be learned from a corpse has propelled forensic entomology, if not into the spotlight, than at least out on the edge of the stage. Forensic entomology may or may not be ?cool,? but it is a serious science and has much to tell individuals that are studying a corpse to determine when that person died and where. If foul play is thought to be involved, when the victim died and where can be pieces of evidence that would be considered very crucial in bringing the murderer to justice."
| |
|
The Gaia Theory, 2005.
A look at the theory proposed by British atmospheric chemist, James Lovelock, which characterizes earth as a complex living organism rather than merely an inanimate host for the many terrestrial life forms dependent on it for sustenance.
1,643 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains and examines the Gaia Theory, which proposes that the earth is itself a tremendously large and complex super-organism, comprising all of the other life forms dependant upon it in very much the same fashion that the human body comprises the many trillions of individual living cellular organisms that, collectively, constitute a human being. The paper first details some of the criticisms as well as the support for Lovelock's theory, outlines the essential elements of the theory, and then provides a critical analysis of the theory.
From the Paper
"In the 1960?s, James Lovelock, a British atmospheric chemist, was engaged in research commissioned by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States. Specifically, the studies were intended to develop a method for determining reliably whether or not biological life existed on Mars. Part of Lovelock?s work involved analyzing certain elements of Earth?s atmospheric properties and mechanisms, in order to understand how a planet teeming with biological life might be differentiated accurately from interplanetary distances from a planet completely devoid of biological life (Enteractive, 1995)."
| |
|
Women and Science, 2004.
A discussion about the acceptance of women in the field of science.
754 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the fact that issues of gender continue to strongly influence both scientific literature and the practice of science today. Based on notions of gender that developed during the enlightenment and the Victorian era, the paper explores science's long history of incorporating gender norms and sex dichotomies into science.
From the Paper
"Notions of gender have influenced the historic development of science in the west, as reason and science have long been seen as male traits. Similarly, gender ideals such as the characterization of females as maternal, associated with nature, irrational, and week have been reflected in scientific literature. Today, science continues to be influenced by ideas of gender, as literature reflects gender biases, and female scientists routinely must challenge gender biases."
| |
|
Insect Camouflage, 2005.
A look at the ability of some insects to use camouflage or mimicry to avoid detection or consumption by predators.
1,902 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 60.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper describes several different methods of camouflage and mimicry that some insects use. The paper then examines a group of species found in Saudi Arabia to better illustrate the diversity and behavior of camouflage and mimic insects.
From the Paper
"Another example of an insect using camouflage is the moth. Although they do not rely as much on their camouflage ability to acquire prey as do the mantis?, they possess an uncanny ability to use color as a technique to ?disappear? into their surroundings, as well as an ability to use their shape to merge into the texture of whatever surface on which they alight."
| |
|
Organ Transplants: An Ethical Analysis, 2005.
This paper addresses ethical questions surrounding the issue of organ transplants, which face the medical profession today.
3,120 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper addresses the following two questions. Should a significantly health-compromised patient be granted a second set of organs if there is a significant and statistically abnormal chance of death during or following surgery? And should the fact that a gross medical error during transplantation is the cause of the patient?s compromised condition be an influencing factor in regard to the aggressiveness with which an assignment of future organs is pursued?
From the Paper
"The first issue at hand, namely if a health compromised patients, at significantly greater risk for an unsuccessful outcome be granted transplant organs is an old one. Of course, it is based on the fact that there are simply not enough organs to go around. In fact, according to current estimates, it is estimated that among the 80,000 patients awaiting transplants, an average of seventeen die every day in the United States alone simply because an organ never becomes available (IHI). Given this reality, many have proposed that the method by which transplant candidates are ranked on the national transplant lists depends not only on the severity of the need, but also on other factors relating to overall health, lifestyle, as well as age."
| |
|
Coastal Animals, 2004.
An overview of sea turtles and a variety of dolphins and seals.
2,590 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 78.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at different coastal animals and examines their physical makeup and natural habitats as well as their mating and breeding habits.
Outline
Sea Turtles
Bottlenose Dolphins
Speckled Dolphins
Elephant Seals
Leopard Seal
From the Paper
"Speckled Dolphins are also called Indo-Pacific Humpbacked dolphins. The former have the binomial name Sousa chinensis. The latter are called Sousa plumbea. Both species are the same; the name difference depends on location. Smaller than the bottlenose dolphins they are typically about seven to nine feet in length and weight just over 280 kilograms. They have a well-developed long beak. Their color is brown-gray, pale-gray and pink-white. They have a lighter underside and the skin has a mottled or speckled appearance, hence the name. The name is given because the dorsal fin is less pronounced and is situated on a hump. The dorsal fin is triangular. The flippers are well rounded. Another reason for the pronounced hump is the way these animals surface. The snout appears first and then the rest of the body curves accentuating the hump before the dolphin submerge."
| |
|
Human Cloning: The Ethical Debate, 2005.
A look at the moral and ethical issues surrounding the scientific process of human cloning.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 42.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper attempts to dissect the current ethical argument over human cloning with the intention of proving why this type of research should go forward. The paper includes an explanation of the cloning process preceding the discussion of the controversy surrounding the process.
From the Paper
"A "human clone" is a scientific replication of another person (Jones, 1998). A clone is not actually an exact replica of the original, but rather a younger identical twin. As with identical twins, the clone and the original person have different fingerprints. They are also likely to have different personalities."
| |
|
Evolution and Genetic Drift, 2004.
An analysis of how genetic drift is a critical component of evolution.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how genetic drift occurs when a subset of a population contains different gene frequencies than the larger population because it is a small sample. Over time, evolution and natural selection will work together to make the gene pool of a smaller population different from that of the greater allele distribution. It attempts to show how genetic drift is an important component of evolution and how, together with natural selection, it works to ensure genetic variety in all species.
From the Paper
"The Old Order Amish of Pennsylvania mate within their own community, and seldom involve the outside community. This loss of genetic diversity has led to a higher incidence of certain inherited diseases within Amish communities. For example, the founder effect in the Amish settlement has caused a variety of conditions, such as dwarfism and Crigler-Najjar syndrome, where the body can?t break down bilirubin. Maple Syrup Urine Disease is much more common in the Amish, as is Homocystinuria, where an individual?s blood vessels are damaged. In the case of polydactyly, where a person has extra digits, the prevalence among the Amish is much higher. ?Today, thanks to large families and restricted marriages, the number of cases of polydactyly among the Amish exceeds the total number in the rest of the world.? (Lewis, 246)."
| |
|
Blood Substitutes, 2004.
An analysis of blood substitutes.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the search for the perfect substitute for human blood. The paper presents various products developed as blood substitutes and explores their effectiveness. The products discussed are Fluosol-DA, Oxygent, Hemopure, Polyheme, and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG).
From the Paper
"The search for the perfect substitute for human blood began as early as the 17th century, when water, oil, milk and animal blood were used for transfusion until the first human-to-human transfusion in Philadelphia in 1795 (McCarthy 2003). Successes were, however, inconstant since then, as patients died due to injuries or from reactions to foreign blood, so that it was only a last resort during emergencies. Early in the 20th century, the cataloguing of blood types enabled the matching of blood types between donors and recipients, despite the risk of blood infected with HIV and other viruses, drugs and toxins (McCarthy). Even then, there have been too few donors in proportion to a large number who require it. In 2000, for example, eight million donated 13 million liters and 4.5 received the donated blood. Supply has not only remained short of the need, the shelf life is also short. The shelf life of red blood cells, for example, is 42 days and given this shelf life, 3 to 8% of donated units are soon disposed into the incinerator (McCarthy)."
| |
|
The Ethics of Human Cloning, 2005.
Looks at developing technology in human cloning and the ethical concerns surrounding this technology.
1,521 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper provides background information on genetic engineering and then delves into a consideration of the ethical and moral issues concerning this technology. Next, the paper describes some of the benefits of potential applications of genetic engineering and refutes the main arguments presented by those who oppose genetic engineering.
From the Paper
"Genetic engineering and cloning have played important roles in agriculture for many generations. Bananas and seedless grapes, for example, are, quite literally, living genetic clones (Krock, 2001). Prior to the last decade of the 20th Century, human cloning was purely a subject of science fiction, but by the dawn of the 21st Century,
researchers had already cloned several mammals successfully."
| |
|
Canine Operant Conditioning and Behaviorism, 2004.
An examination of canine behavior, focusing on the issue of genetics versus environment.
4,335 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the relevant and scholarly literature concerning operant conditioning, in general, and the extent to which it works with dogs, in particular. The paper presents the "nature versus nurture" debate and explores whether canine behaviour is determined by genetics or environmental influences.
From the Paper
"The debate over nature versus nurture as it applies to learning dates back over a hundred years. Certainly, during much of the 20th century, the distinction between learned and inherited behavior appeared much clearer than it does today. The concept that any type of behavior was either learned or merely developed without learning seemed a rationale and straightforward belief. Research based on these expectations caused some scientists to conclude that rat-killing behavior among cats, for example, is a learned behavior rather than an instinctive one, that human fears are all acquired, or that intelligence is completely the result of experience. Learning theorists were arguing at this point that most behavior is learned and that biological factors are of little or no importance."
| |
|
Stem Cell Research, 2004.
This paper discusses the ethical controversy over stem cell research.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the principal ethical issue underlying objections to the medical use of stem cells has its roots in the Christian religious belief that human life begins at conception. Scientists absolutely reject this belief and consider all biological life, including human life, to be fundamentally the same, different only in degrees rather than in kind. The author states that the argument against stem cell research is based on the specious ?slippery slope? argument, according to which producing embryos for medical research would necessarily lead to human cloning. he paper concludes that there is no basis in objective ethical principles to prohibit the medical profession from pursuing all avenues likely to improve human life by eliminating as many debilitating diseases as possible.
From the Paper
"Human stem cells exist in four varieties, with different relative therapeutic medical potential. Stem cells derived from early human embryos have the greatest medical potential and likely hold the key to curing victims of traumatic spinal paralysis and organ tissue regeneration instead of reliance on donor tissue transplantation. Embryonic stem cell tissues are referred to as totipotent, because they seem to posses the unique potential to grow into virtually any human tissue or even complete human organs."
|
|
|
