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Sociobiology and Culture, 2004.
An analysis of sociobiology, the synthesis of sociology and biology.
2,609 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses sociobiology, a controversial science dealing with sensitive issues, uncovering intimate connections between social behavior and evolution. The paper examines opponents' claims that it degrades human social behavior by placing it under a microscope and comparing it with lesser-esteemed creatures, such as fish, birds, and monkeys. The paper explains that some opponents are dreadfully concerned with sociobiology's capability to undermine religion and social reform. The paper also explores the proponents' viewpoints, claiming that it does not assign judgments to its findings and is a valuable bridge between the natural and social sciences.
From the Paper
"Traditionally, researchers in various fields of study have generally limited investigations to their area of expertise. Social scientists attend to prescribed areas such as memory, deviance, and microeconomics. In addition, natural scientists restrict their focal points to phenomena like DNA, gravity, and erosion. This practice of detached exploration, which initially proved productive, is gradually giving way to interdisciplinary endeavors as new and overwhelming evidence indicates that many domains are profoundly interconnected. Although some conventional sociologists steadfastly resist such infiltration, the field is not immune to this growing interdisciplinary movement."
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Biometric Technology, 2005.
An in-depth discussion of biometric technology and its functions in today's world.
9,587 words (approx. 38.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 196.95
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Abstract
There are many types of biometric technologies in use today, each utilizing different physiological and/or behavioral characteristics to verify or identify an individual's identity. Each one has its own pros and cons. This paper explains that fingerprinting biometrics, or finger scans, are one of the most popular and is investigated in detail, as well as the current technological advancements and the organizations that are currently using biometric applications to enhance their security. The paper also looks at the future of biometric technology systems.
Introduction
History of Biometric Technology
Overview of Biometric Technology
Types of Biometric Technology
Bertillonage
Fingerprinting
Hand Geometry
Comparison of Biometric Systems
Table 1
Why Biometric Technology Has Taken so Long to Become Popular
Biometrics in Canada
The Newest Biometric Advancements
Current Applications of Biometric Technology
The Pros and Cons of Fingerprinting Biometrics
The Future of Biometrics in General
From the Paper
"The science and technology surrounding the techniques used to identify individuals, based on measuring the individual's physiological or behavioral features, is known as biometrics. The term, biometrics, is based on two Greek words. "Bios" means life. And, "metron" means degree. The most typical biometric technologies involve analyzing human physiological characteristics including: fingerprints, eye retinas, irises, voice recognition, facial patterns, and hand measurements. It can also include behavioral characteristics, which include: signature recognition, gait recognition, speech recognition, and typing pattern recognition ("Biometric")."
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The Cruelest Cut of All, 2005.
Examines the issue of cropping tails and ears off dogs.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
Over seventy breeds of dogs regularly have their ears and tails cropped without medical benefit. There are many claims made by the people who perform this cruel surgery regarding the reasons why it should be done, however, this paper argues that their logic is flawed and easily debunked. It argues that, in reality, cropping ears and tails is not only unnecessary and not beneficial to the animal, but it is also dangerous and painful. Cropping the ears and tails of dogs is a bad practice which may lead to infection or other health problems and interferes with communication with other dogs and people.
From the Paper
"Other dogs experience chronic pain and phantom sensations (like chronic itching) because of the cut nerves. The nerve damage can extend throughout the body and even effect the dog's ability to walk. Infection can lead to illness or death from the amputation. The ears become more prone to infection and infestation after they are cut because they are more exposed, and the immune system of the dog can be permanently damaged from the experience."
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Genetic Conservation, 2005.
This paper discusses the arguments surrounding genetic conservation, examining if it fulfills the standards of scientific credibility.
2,195 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the actual process of genetic conservation utilizes sophisticated technology and a method of "banking" animal sperm, eggs and embryos by means of keeping them on ice until they can be reintroduced to a species, a process that can be used not only for a species facing extinction but also for a species that has already become extinct. The paper relates that conservationists still struggle with the task of prioritizing and allocating effort; nonetheless, it appears that genetic conservation fulfills the standards of scientific credibility.
From the Paper
"Proponents of genetic conservation to save endangered species argue that this method of wildlife breeding is not genetic engineering, because they are not putting in genes that were not there before. The arguments for this are that genetic conservation does not create a new species based on a combination of genes, but merely preserves an existing species. They also argue that encouraging genetic diversity helps a species survive, and that in-breeding, which can weaken a species, does not occur. Supporters of genetic conservation hold the view that technology and committed people is what will ultimately save animals."
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Permian Mass Extinction, 2005.
An overview of the Permian period in history, when many of earth's species died out.
929 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The extinction-level event that occurred during the Permian period, often known as the Great Dying, forms the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods. During this time approximately 95 per cent of all marine species died out. This paper presents an overview of this time period and the explanatory theories regarding this event.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Overview of Permian Extinction
Explanatory Theories Regarding the Permian Extinction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It has been suggested that this increase in carbon-12 could be the result of upwelling of frozen methane hydrate from the ocean floor. Experiments have shown that a sea temperature rise of 5?C would be sufficient enough to gasify solid methane hydrate. This would lead to huge amounts of greenhouse gases being expelled into the atmosphere, and could have led to the mass extinction ("Permian-Triassic")."
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Personality Development, 2004.
An analysis of the development of a person's personal identity.
858 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of one's personality. Based on a combination of the opinions of experts and the author's personal observations, the paper contends that all human personality development is variable and different. The paper also claims that personality development springs from complicated interactions of 'nature' and 'nurture' plus outside environmental characteristics, such as social and cultural expectations, peer group interactions and the influences of teachers and other relatives.
From the Paper
" Within all human beings, personal identity, or the image one has of oneself, is affected by an intricate mixture of genetic and environmental variables, unique to every individual. For example, studies have shown that even among identical twins raised under identical circumstances within the same households, less-than-identical personality characteristics emerge (Vandell, 2000; Harris, November 2000). According to Lykken (1997), the good or bad influences of one's peer group have more to do with personality development than often assumed, but others (Tavris, 1998; Vandell, 2000; Harris, November 2000) feel that a child's personality is most responsible for personality development. "
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Human Cloning, 2004.
An analysis of the controversial topic of human cloning.
3,102 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses various issues and concerns regarding human cloning. The paper presents an understanding of what cloning really is and gives insights into some of the potential advantages and disadvantages for the human race. The paper examines the implications of cloning experimentation that currently takes place concerning animals and plants.
Outline
Introduction
Where are We Today?
Define Cloning
Implications
Cloning and the Media
Real Uses
Stem Cell Research
Controversy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Human cloning calls into question the very nature and extent of moral rights. Aldous Huxley saw cloning as way to save the human race as far back as 1932 in his novel called 'Brave New World.' "One egg, one embryo, one adult - normality. But a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, will divide. From eight to ninety six buds, and every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo into a full-sized adult. Making ninety six human beings grow where only one grew before." (Huxley, 3) In 'Brave New World', cloning represented the general mood of the citizens to wipe out a bitter past and seek a more utopian society after the devastating effects of World War I. There is no doubt that cloning still can be seen as a possible solution for man and his attempt to create a world that is different from the present."
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Cloning, 2005.
An overview of the pros and cons of cloning.
6,025 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
Cloning is the exact replication of a single individual gene or a part of a single individual gene achieved with the use of specialized DNA technology. This paper examines how cloning has an equal number of benefits and advantages as it has its failures and defects and disadvantages. It contends that it is up to the experts to decide whether the technology of cloning can be actually used to produce another human being and whether this bodes well for the entire human race. It also debates whether it is indeed safe to interfere with the ways of Nature and how cloning still needs a lot more research and experimentation before it can actually be used to propagate the human race.
From the Paper
"When Dolly was created, in the year 1997, there was a worldwide interest and concern and also a certain amount of controversy, as only expected. The very possibility that cloning could be applied to human beings raised quite a few eyebrows and the scientific and ethical considerations behind such an eventuality became major issues that took up a lot of time and energy. In fact, when the sheep that was cloned actually lived, it was termed as the breakthrough of 1997, and raised numerous questions as to what exactly 'cloning' is, and how it can be done. The three types of cloning as stated earlier, are 'recombinant DNA technology', 'reproductive cloning', and 'therapeutic cloning'."
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Integumentary System, 2005.
A brief paper about the importance of the integumentary system in the human body.
702 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The integumentary system is comprised of the skin and skin derivatives including hair, nails, glands and receptors. Skin, glands and receptors have many important functions that are described in this paper.
From the Paper
"The skins keeps the inside structures in and outside substances out (Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology). Its strength and pliability make it very tough to outside physical forces. Keratin is a protein in skin cells that makes skin water repellant thereby providing resistance to many chemicals. Acidic skin secretions also help resist chemical damage and prevent bacterial growth. And, the skin protects the body from ultraviolet radiation damage. Coloration cells in the skin are called melanocytes. Exposure to sunlight increases the production of the pigment melanin in the Epidermis (thin outer layer of skin), creating a suntan. This darkening of the skin helps shield the cell nucleus from ultraviolet damage. Sebum, secreted by the skin prevents our bodies from evaporating too much water through the skin and helps prevent dehydration."
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Nitric Oxide (NO), 2005.
This paper explores whether nitric oxide is the same substance as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, its use and its advantages and disadvantages.
64,020 words (approx. 256.1 pages), 130 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that nitric oxide is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, a neurotransmitter and an euro modulator present in the central and peripheral nervous systems. When generated in surplus, a likely toxic molecule forms part of the resistance against diseases. The author points out that the primary problem involved in the detection of NO result from its short span of life and a very low rate of concentration. Nonetheless, the paper demonstrates several quantitative modes for measuring NO and indicates their limitations. The paper stresses that the endothelium performs a vital role in the determination of blood pressure; primary endothelial irregularities, in addition to irregularities secondarily influencing the endothelium, are all possible suppliers to the advances of hypertension. Many charts and graphs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nitric Oxide: Advantages and Disadvantages
Is Nitric Oxide the Same Substance as Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor
Nitric Oxide's Interactions with the Vascular Endothelium
Ways Nitric Oxide is Measured and the Problems Associated with Measuring
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The hydrogen peroxide has been projected to be a freely diffusible EDHF as agonist evoked relaxation in some arteries that are NO and autonomous prostanoid are inhibited by the enzyme catalyse that destroys this reactive oxygen species. Such findings have not been general and hence the role of hydrogen peroxide in EDHF responses is evoked by gap junction dependent and independent mechanisms. It is seen earlier that EDHF-type relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP, substance P and cyclopiazonic acid depend on gap junctional communication. But the calcium ionophore A23187 irrespective of evoking EDHF-type relaxations was not vulnerable to gap junction inhibitors. Incubation with catalyse resulted in marked attenuation of A23187 induced EDHF-type relaxations but only inhibited reactions induced by high concentrations of acetylcholine. This indicated that EDHF-type relaxations induced A23187 may be arbitrated by hydrogen peroxide and would not associate with gap junctions."
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DNA and the Criminal Justice System, 2005.
An overview of DNA technology and how it has impacted the American criminal justice system.
3,495 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This research is an investigation into the way DNA technology has affected America's criminal justice system by detailing its uses, as well as the challenges that still lay ahead. Utilizing secondary resources, including the testimonies of several experts in the field such as the director of the Virginia Division of Forensic Science, the executive director of the National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence and the assistant director for the Laboratory Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, as well as published resources from other experts, the author of the paper attempts to answer the question of how DNA has impacted America's criminal justice system.
Preface Statement
Statement of the Problem
Background
Overview of DNA
DNA as an Investigative Tool
Inception of the National DNA Index
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Anticipated Results and Conclusions
From the Paper
"DNA is organized as two complementary strands that are linked together with bonds that can be separated. Each strand of DNA is a chemically linked chain of nucleotides, which are made up of a sugar, a phosphate and one of four kinds of nucleobases, often simply referred to as bases. These bases are: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, abbreviated as A, T, C, and G. Furthermore, these bases only pair up properly with one other base, A with T, C with G, and vice versa, on their complementary strand ("DNA")."
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"Changes in the Land", 2005.
A brief summary of "Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England" by Walter Cronon.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In "Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England", Walter Cronon uses his historical and ecological expertise to cover the changes in New England's plant and animal communities taking place from the transformation from Indian to European life. It explains that the book shows how the interaction among the Indians, Europeans and the land transformed the New England forever.
From the Paper
"Cronon concludes on a bleak note. By 1800, New England was far different than the land the earliest European visitors had described. The Indians were reduced to a small fraction of their former numbers and forced on to less and less usable agricultural lands. Large areas in southern New England were now devoid of animals that previously were common, such as beaver, deer, bear, turkey and wolf. Instead, hordes of European grazing animals placed a heavy burden on the plants and soils. Hundreds of miles of fences, weeds and alien grasses crisscrossed the landscape. Forests still exceeded the cleared land, but, especially near settled areas, remaining forests were significantly altered by grazing, burning, and cutting (159)."
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Cloning and Human Body Parts, 2005.
A paper on the controversy over cloning, in general, and over the cloning of body parts, in particular.
2,381 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In an effort to shed light on the the full range and implications of cloning, this paper examines the topic from the point of view of a variety of disciples. The paper uses a multidisciplinary approach, presenting different views from the sciences and the humanities, to help present a broader picture regarding the controversial issues surrounding the medical practice of cloning and to point out that there is a need for all disciples to be heard on these issues. The paper points out that taking this approach allows us to see that, while the sciences view cloning as a great medical asset, the humanities and particularly theology act as balancing agents to prevent possible negative outcomes.
Introduction
Cloning: A Brief Overview
Different and Interrelated Views
Genetics and Biology
Medical Views
Philosophy
Theology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Science fiction has for many years been the purveyor of outlandish and daring ideas about human cloning. However, we now know that cloning has emerged from the realms of science fiction and become science fact. An Italian doctor, Severino Antinori, recently announced that he was in the process of cloning a human baby. Claims of also conducting experiments to clone humans have been made by an American religious sect, "Clone Aid", which shortly expects a "new creation" to arrive through cloning technology. (Bedford-Strohm. 203) "
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American Pit Bull Terrier, 2005.
An overview of the rules and regulations concerning ownership of American pit bull terriers.
6,167 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the origins and history of American pit bull terriers and why an individual cannot hope to own this dog within city limits without fear of being arrested or being faced with the euthanasia of the dog, for daring to own this dog that is certified as a 'vicious dog' under the city ordinance laws. It contends that current regulations are grossly unfair on the dog owner as well as on the dog, and how somewhere there must be justice for the poor dumb creature that has been trained to be as mean as it is by certain unscrupulous elements of society who had their own reasons for doing it.
From the Paper
"The American Kennel Club in fact eschewed the breed known as the 'Pit Bull' until the year 1936, and it was after this that the American Pit Bull Terrier came to be recognized as the 'Strafford shire Terrier', actually named after the Stafford shire miners who had had a hand in creating the breed for the purpose of fighting in the pits where they worked. In the year 1972, this name was changed to the American Stafford shire terrier', and this was for the purpose of differentiating this breed from the Stafforsdhire Bull Terrier of England, the actual ancestor of the American breed of dog, which was later recognized by the American Kennel Club in the year 1974. In the United Kingdom, the dog is about 14 to 16 inches tall, and weighs about up to 45 pounds, while the breed found in America is about 18 to 19 inches tall, and weighs about up to 80 pounds."
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DNA Sequence, 2005.
An analysis of a human DNA sequence.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author reports on an assignment she received where she was given a human DNA sequence composed of a series of letters such as 'accagacagt' and had to decipher letters and interpret the results.
Introduction
DNA
DNA and the Internet
DNA Sequence
Prospects for Diagnosis and Therapy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The internet has made so many sites and processes available to the average person that home DNA testing may actually be a reality in the near future. But, this plethora of information is actually a bit overwhelming and therefore confusing. Results obtained on one site may not necessarily agree with the results of another site which obviously leads amateur Genomics practitioners such as my self to begin to doubt returned results and thus require professional confirmation. The key is that DNA Sequencing and interpretation will alter mankind's ability to identify 'medicine less' cures and maybe even lead to the creation of completely altered super humans. "Initiation of DNA replication holds the clue to what controls cell division and hence growth and differentiation." (Adams, 1991) "
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