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The 15th Century Woman, 2002.
Examines how women from the 15th century are portrayed in Geoffrey Chaucer's "Wife of Bath" and Margery Kempe's autobiography.
1,079 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
When considering the presentation of Chaucer?s "Wife of Bath" in his "Canterbury Tales", the intention of the author should be kept in mind. The paper shows that because Chaucer?s character is illustrated in a humorous way, it can be assumed that historical accuracy was not the aim. Margery Kempe?s autobiography, "The Book of Margery Kempe", is used in this paper to discuss the validity and accuracy of the portrayal of the Wife of Bath by Chaucer.
From the Paper
"Thus, authority plays a dual role in the tale of the Wife of Bath. First, she is an authority on the subject of marriage, since she has been through it many times. Secondly, the Wife of Bath cites the woman as the proper authority in the marriage itself, if the marriage is to be a happy one. One could infer that her husbands didn?t last because they were trying to be the sole authority in each separate marriage, although the Wife of Bath does concede that each of them were worthy in their own way."
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15th Century Geographical Expansion, 2008.
This paper looks at the expansion of geographical boundaries in the 15th century, dealing specifically with the Spanish monarchy and Nicolo Machiavelli's prescriptions of these endeavors.
1,019 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the 15th century represented one of the most important periods in the history of humankind. It marked the start of the quest for new lands and territories, for the discovery of the real geographical boundaries of the world outside the European limits. In this context, the competition between the great powers of the Old World became an essential element in the conduct of their foreign policy, and would eventually shape the new political relations on the European continent. The era of the geographical discoveries coincided with the time of great monarchs, such as Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain who largely supported the endeavors of sailors in search for new land. However, this paper asserts that from the perspective offered by the writings of Nicolo Machiavelli, it can be said that the willingness of the Spanish monarchy to finance such trips resided in their desire to exercise their power and authority over an ever greater state, on the one hand, and over their internal subjects on the other.
From the Paper
"It must be pointed out the fact that the most important expedition financed by Isabella of Spain was that of Christopher Columbus who, in his attempt to reach the Indies, would eventually discover the American continent. (Columbus, 279-80) It is common knowledge the fact that Columbus's claim for the financing of an expedition in the Indies was rejected by the Portuguese and it was only at the court of Spain that he found support for his endeavor. This would prove an essential element for both the evolution of the Spanish crown and for the political interpretation of the actions undergone at the time."
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15th Century Spanish Art, 2002.
An exploration of the art of 15th Century Spain.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper takes the reader on an exploratory journey through 15th century Spanish art. The writer examines different works of art from the time period and relates them to styles that were used by the artists of that time.
From the Paper
"Art has been a part of mankind since the beginning of time. Throughout the centuries and the cultures there have been eras in art that have affected what was popular and what was not. Art styles have been individual to the artist who created the work, however there have been definite ideas and preferences that have been heavily influenced by the era in which the patrons reside. Spanish art has been particularly interesting because of the metamorphis it has experienced throughout its history. Parts of the changes were triggered by political changes as well as religious surges. Spanish art in the 15th century was also heavily influenced by the Gothic era."
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Peasantry in the 15th Century, 2004.
A discussion on whether there was an improvement in the standard of living of the rural peasantry in the 15th Century.
1,862 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how evidence suggests that the standard of living of the peasantry in England rose during the fifteenth century and how this standard of living varied widely in different parts of the country. It exmaines how the main change in the fifteenth century was the large availability of land for rent and an increase in pastoral farming which could be performed without the need for large amounts of manual labour. It explores how this bought upon a gradual end to serfdom, freeing peasants from any obligations towards their lords and allowing them to participate in the economy as they choose.
From the Paper
"In his study of a Norfolk Manor, Davenport sees the late fourteenth Century as being full of upheaval and filled with a string of social disturbances. The fifteenth century saw a respite from these upheavals. He also showed how these developments effected the rents as they became longer term agreements with the increased stability. Longer term rents were something that defiantly would have benefited peasants as it gave them more control over the land and the opportunity to develop it in they way they wanted. Davenport also shows how the profits from the estate gradually fell throughout the fifteenth century. Reasons for this include the decline of serfdom which ended traditional bonds of labour on the part of many peasants. The traditional payments from these serfs also ended."
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Dutch Artists from the 15th to the 17th Century, 1994.
This paper discusses five landscapes painters (Jacob van Ruisdael, Jan Lievens, Salomon van Ruysdael, Jan van Goyen, and Aert van der Neer) from Baroque Era (15th -17th Century) in Netherlands: Cultural and historical influences, style, subjects, themes
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 12 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss landscape scenes painted by Dutch artists during the Baroque Era, from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries. Special emphasis will be placed upon five painters of the seventeenth century, namely Jacob van Ruisdael, Jan Lievens, Salomon van Ruysdael, Jan van Goyen, and Aert van der Neer. A number of landscape paintings by these artists will be analyzed in detail. Landscapes were a popular subject for painters during the Baroque period. This paper will show that although landscape paintings of the period share many motifs and characteristics in common, the field of landscape painting was broad enough to enable individual artists to express their own unique styles and ideas despite any similarities of subject matter. In fact, individual self-expression in painting was of particular importance to Dutch artists in the seventeenth ... "
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The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade from 15th To 19th Century, 1994.
This research will focus on the Trans-Atlantic slave trade from its inception in the fifteen century, to the nineteenth century when it ended: Historical, social and economic reasons for European and African participation and their inability to see slaver
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research will focus on the Trans-Atlantic slave trade from its inception in the fifteen century, to the nineteenth century when it ended. While contemporary society views slavery as an abhorrent institution, it is the hypothesis of this research that Africans and Europeans of this earlier period did not believe slavery was evil, because all people at that time experienced some form of ownership over them. A European wife was owned by her husband, an African was owned by his lineage, and some slaves in Africa were more powerful than free men--becoming rich and owning slaves themselves.
Slavery is as old as mankind. There was never a time recorded when the institution of slavery did not exist. The securing of slaves by force, whether in war or peace, was a common practice in past eras. Even the tribal ... "
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Violence in 15th Century Scottish Romance, 2007.
An analysis of the role and historical context of violence in three fifteenth century Scottish romances - "Lancelot of the Laik," "Gologras" and Gawane" and "Rauf Coilyear."
4,197 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 38 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the representation of violence in three late fifteenth century alliterative Scottish romances: "Lancelot of the Laik," "Gologras" and Gawane" and "Rauf Coilyear." The paper looks at the role of violence within each work, the historical context in which they were written and how this portrayal of violence may allude to contemporary politics.
Table of Contents:
Violence in Medieval Scottish Society and Romance
Lancelot of the Laik
Gologras and Gawane
Rauf Coilyear
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In medieval romance, "bloody, hands-on violence is an essential and highly valued component of chivalry." Violence is used to reflect and affect status and social order, and to upholding the aristocratic values defined and advanced by the .genre. "Yet amidst appreciative descriptions of the splitting of heads and lopping off of limbs, some passages suggest a genuine undercurrent of doubt and fear of knightly violence." The poems reveal skepticism concerning the exclusivity of knighthood, raise concerns about kings and knights abusing their power, or they may even question the aristocratic monopoly on legitimate violence. In addition, they may allude to contemporary politics, using romantic combat to express opinions about the English-Scottish relations or the capabilities of the current monarch. As Lancelot of the Laik, Gologras and Gawane, and Rauf Coilyear show, the literary violence of late 15th century Scottish romance could hold within it a critique of the social or political order."
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Columbus and European Exploration in the 15th Century, 2004.
An examination of the reasons behind the outward expansion of Europeans in the period that subsequently became termed the 'Age of Discovery'.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the fifteenth century represents a zenith in global exploration and discovery and perhaps harbours the most dramatic explosion of geographical possibility of any age. It looks at how Christopher Columbus? discovery of the New World, Vasco da Gama?s rounding of the Cape of Good Hope and Sebastien del Cano?s circumnavigation of the globe were all significant steps in the localisation of the fifteenth century world.
From the Paper
"The origins of European expansion are seen by many to lie in the capture by the Portuguese of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415 . This foothold on African soil created the potential for European expansion, begun with the Portuguese advancement down the west coast of Africa and ultimately realised in 1498 with Vasco da Gama?s rounding of the Cape of Good Hope. The capture of Ceuta is certainly significant in the context of this argument as it helped, in no small part, stimulate the mind of the fifteenth century western European individual towards new ideas of travel, exploration and discovery. However, the increase in physical possibility in the fifteenth century stems not solely from one event, but from a number of ideas and innovations formulated in part over a much longer period."
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Modernization of 15th Century Europe, 2002.
Describes people, events and inventions that significantly helped modernize Europe during the 1400s.
2,254 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper connects the various topics pertaining to the modernization of Europe in the fifteenth century. It begins with the Black Death and progresses to other topics such as the printing press, the Renaissance, the power of the church, the creation of Municipal Liberties and antisemitism.
From the Paper
"Spain entered an era of prosperity that provided enough wealth to fund Columbus? desire to try sailing to the Indies from the west. 70 days later, on October 12th, 1492, Columbus reached what is now an island in the Bahamas, named San Salvador. While he didn?t really find much more than a little gold and some coconuts, his exaggerated report to the queen gave rise to future funding and interest in the Indies, thus beginning American colonization. The economic plans of Europe were completely revolutionized in the wake of the excitement over the Americas. Important trading ports now moved bit by bit away from Europe and began to include those discovered by those early expansionists. However, it was not all good news. The Spanish and other European colonizers were brutal to the Native Americans, and not too long after came in import of African slaves, which would bring about dreadful consequences in the centuries to come."
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15th Century Pilgrimages to the Holy Land, 1994.
A comparison and observation of the adventures and hardships of the members of the Spring Voyage of 1458 and Arnold Von Harff's journey from 1496 to 1499.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 2 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
In the year 1458, a pilgrimage known as the Spring Voyage took place, in which a group of Europeans travelled to the Holy Land (Palestine) to visit Christian sites. Between 1496 and 1499 a pilgrimage was undertaken by the German knight Arnold Von Harff, to the Holy Land and other locations. This paper will compare the observations of these two groups of pilgrims.
Pilgrimages to the Holy Land were popular among European Christians in the Middle Ages. They offered participants a rare opportunity to visit sacred sites and view important relics of the Christian faith. In addition, the pilgrims were able to experience adventure and to make a change from the usual dull routines which characterized everyday life at the time (Mitchell 15-16). In the late 15th century, the Holy Land was under Islam..."
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Art in 15th Century Florence, Italy, 2001.
Reasons for flowering of art, political background, Medici family patronage.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The reasons for the extraordinary flowering of art in fifteenth-century Florence are extremely complex and range from the prosperity and cosmopolitanism of the city to the humanists' new ideas about humanity and new relationship with antiquity to the earliest stirrings of the modern concept of the artist. One undoubted source of the sheer volume of Florentine art and its innovative nature is the demand formulated by the city's patrons--guilds, confraternities, churches, religious orders, civil government, and, above all, the Medici Family--with its special devotion to the ideal of magnificence--and the many other wealthy Florentines who imitated them. In the midst of their prosperity and under the influence of evolving ideas fifteenth-century Florentines became a new kind of consumer and their patronage facilitated the extraordinary performance of art as "it underwent.."
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Is the Twentieth Century an American Century?, 2000.
A look at whether the 20th century can be tagged an American superior century.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 12 sources, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This is an argumentative essay that discusses whether or not the twentieth century can be considered as the "American Century" and if a period of time can be given the title of one single country at all.
From the Paper
"The Twentieth Century has been quoted by many common people and historians as being the ?American Century?. This though is very arguable and in my opinion cannot be true. No time period can be called the period of a specific country or region since important events that affect the lives of many all over the world and of things to come in the future occur everywhere on Earth. It is true that in the twentieth century, even though the central focus was on many occasions on the United States, important events that affect the world even today occurred in other areas of the world as well."
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African-American Female Social Reformers Of The 19th Century-20th Century, 1995.
Describes the lives and careers of Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Fanie Lou Hamer.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The role of individual personalities in a social movement is often recorded in disproportion to the individual's achievement. Minorities have received short shrift in the past. Women in particular are apt to be slighted by historians who, until recently, were generally composed of educated white males viewing the past through a perspective that was sorely limited by lack of imagination and empathy. Needless to say, women of African-American heritage have been more likely lost in the shuffle of such opinion than white women and black men. As Arican-Americans in America moved from slavery to freedom, from segregated minority to still-being-attempted integration into the mainstream society, there has been a none-too-subtle discount of the black woman's accomplishments in the field of social reform. Nevertheless, there has been a strong spine of African-American ..."
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Rape In Britain In The Late 18th Century and Early 19th Century, 1997.
Examines legal, social, marital, literary, theoretical, moral, class and feminist issues, focusing on the views of women as possessions of men.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of rape in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The plan of the research will be to set forth the social and cultural context in which the issue achieves significance and then to discuss patterns of activity within the culture that appear to show an evolution of consciousness and priorities in the understanding of the phenomenon.
The conceptualization of rape in Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries appears to have been very much a social construction that dominated the whole of Western society, whether in England and the Empire, on the continent, or in the U.S. Thus however rape might have been perceived or experienced at the personal level, the principal social fact about the phenomenon was that it was subsidiary to more widely held views of social ..."
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Russian Democratic Crisis of the 20th Century, 1999.
This paper explores the idea of Russian democracy at the end of the 20th century. The writer discusses the history of democratic movement in Russia as well as the unique characteristics and problems modern Russia faced at the end of the century.
2,092 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to explain why the idea of democracy was new to the Russian people and the implications this had on its attempts at reform. The writer shows that at the end of the twentieth century, there were several reasons why Russia was approaching its second democratic crisis: Yeltsin's presidency, economic failure, military upheaval and organized crime.
From the Paper
"For the past seventy years Russia was the heart of the Soviet Union. The fall of the ?Evil Empire? in 1991 shocked the world. Many democratic nations were happy to see its enemy turning into a new democratic country based on capitalistic economy and Western ideologies. But not that many people asked if Democracy would work in Russia. In the long run, Russia had a democratic experience in 1917, for half a year and it failed (Daniels, 1972). Will the history repeat itself or will Russia eventually become democratic? It is still hard to tell. Our democratic experience from February to October 1917 and today?s situation are very similar. As in 1917, modern Russia experiences political, economic, and cultural crisis."
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