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The 14th Amendment, 2006.
Relates the history of the 14th Amendment.
2,725 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, after the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that discrimination against African-Americans by private persons could be regarded as imposing slavery or involuntary servitude against them. The author describes the process that led to the creation and ratification of the 14th Amendment and outlines its powers. The author also presents Supreme Court cases and federal legislation based on this amendment, which supported anti-discrimination and the civil rights movement for not only African-Americans, but also all ethnic groups and new immigrants.
From the Paper
"However, the Great Depression could be viewed as an event which truly helped black Americans, for it became necessary for the federal government to provide many of the necessities for life to those who were either trapped in abject poverty or had lost their jobs as a result of the stock market crash of 1929. For example, the federal government and the Roosevelt Administration provided food, employment, housing, old age dependency and to some extend health benefits to all Americans, including African-Americans who had been the most hard-hit by the Great Depression which lasted from 1929 to roughly 1941, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor."
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The 14th Amendment, 2007.
An examination of the history of the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution.
2,057 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Fourteenth Amendment was designed and legislated during the Presidency of Andrew Johnson. The paper discusses how this amendment, although intended to act as a linchpin for freedom and equality for all African-Americans after the Civil War, actually created consequential conditions which only aggravated the true plight of these courageous and often overlooked people. The paper focuses on the years 1866 to 1918.
From the Paper
"Following the appointment of Andrew Johnson as President of the United States on April 15, 1865, just one day after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, four states of the former Confederacy, namely, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee and Virginia, contained small groups of loyal men who had organized nominal state governments during the Civil War, all of which were recognized by Lincoln and then supported by Johnson. On May 29, 1865, Johnson appointed a provisional governor of North Carolina and told him to call a convention aimed at repealing the ordinance of secession and striking from the state constitution all references to slavery. Thus, with this simple process, President Johnson outlined identical plans for the reconstruction of the six remaining Confederate states."
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The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments, 2007.
An analysis of the importance and the application of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution.
3,234 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and application of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution. The paper analyzes each amendment and describes its importance with regards to the close of the slavery era in the U.S. The paper also discusses the implications of the landmark court-case, Plessy v. Ferguson and how these amendments related to it.
Table of Contents:
The History of These Three Amendments
Why Support These Amendments
The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Who Benefited From The 13th Amendment?
Hard-Line Southerners and Their Evil Deeds
The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Plessy v. Ferguson
The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
From the Paper
"In 1910, Arthur W. Machen wrote in the Harvard Law Review - forty years after the passage of the 15th - that this amendment has been "despised, flouted, nullified, evaded," and moreover, had never up to and through the time Machen wrote his piece, been backed by the High Court to assure the suffrage rights of black citizens. And indeed it took the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to truly move the country forward into an era that the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution were supposed to open the door for. Jim Crow and Southern segregation were alive and well even up into the 1960s in some Southern states, as witnessed by the fact that President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and U.S. Attorney General Bobby Kennedy had to send federal troops into Mississippi in 1962 to allow James Meredith to enter the University of Mississippi."
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14th Amendment, 1996.
Examines history of civil rights in Constitutional context, major Court rulings (Slaughter House cases, Plessy vs. Ferguson, Brown vs. Board of Education).
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The Constitution guarantees individual rights and liberties to every American. What most people probably do not know is that, while the Constitution is more than 200 years old, most individual civil rights date back only a little more than 50 years. Not until the 1950s did black Americans win the rights enjoyed by most all other citizens. Most of the individual rights and liberties guaranteed by the constitution are included in the Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments to the Constitution). The first 10 amendments were ratified in 1791. However, the Bill of Rights protected citizens against abuses by only the federal government. State governments could decide what limits they would place on free speech, trial by jury, or racial equality.
This began to change after the Civil War. In 1865, Congress drafted constitutional amendments that Southern states would have..."
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The Fourteenth Amendment, 2002.
This paper examines the 14th Amendment, due process, and the theory of selective incorporation.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The author discusses the legal theory of selective incorporation-applying the Bill of Rights to the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause. The paper examines such landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases as "Palko v. Connecticut", "Mapp v. Ohio", and "Adamson v. California".
From the Paper
"The 14th Amendment, which was ratified in 1868 of July 9, states, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States , and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within it's jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." "Due Process" is mentioned in the 14th amendment as well as the 5th amendment. What exactly does "Due Process" means? Due Process means to be treated equally and fairly."
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The Fourteenth Amendment, 2002.
Discusses the interpretation by the Supreme Court during the aftermath of the Civil War.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Discusses the intepretation by the Supreme Court during the aftermath of the Civil War. Purpose of 14th Amendment to establish the status and rights of former slaves. Shift of power from States to federal government. Impact of Plessy v. Ferguson and standard of equal-but-separate. Enforced separation of the races.
From the Paper
"THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT: DUE PROCESS OF RACISM
It is the explicit obligation of the Supreme Court to interpret the laws of the land; perhaps at no other time in our nation's history has this task proved so daunting and controversial as during the aftermath of the Civil War. In particular, the Fourteenth Amendment provided cause for intense debate. Designed to establish the status and rights of former slaves, this amendment also served to shift the balance of power in the United States in favor of the federal government over the states (Thomas 17). However, the Supreme Court would, in the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson, utilize the Fourteenth Amendment to uphold racially divisive state legislation, validating the power of the state in a decision that would ultimately set back the civil rights movement in this country by at least half a century."
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First Amendment Rights and Pragmatic Solutions, 2001.
A comparison between the First Amendment rights and courts' pragmatic approach to the Amendment.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at six applications in order to compare the First Amendment rights to free speech to the courts' pragmatic approach to First Amendment issues.
From the Paper
"When it comes to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution the courts are often caught between a rock and a hard place. If the courts protect the right of the First Amendment there are sometimes substantial consequences that could have been avoided by suppression. If the court rules to protect the interests of many and rules against freedom of speech then it finds itself in violation of the constitution. It is a balancing system in which the court is constantly weighing the good of all against the nature of the first amendment. It is a battle that will continue as long as we are a nation that abides by the constitution, which also allows us to request court intervention and mediation regarding the amendment."
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The Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment, 2002.
Discusses the motives behind adopting a constitutional amendment that requires a balanced budget and some of the problems associated with the amendment.
899 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the reasons behind Congress's proposal for a Constitutional amendment that would require a balanced budget and the groups that supported the proposal. The paper also looks at the groups that opposed the proposal and their arguments against it. The paper concludes with a counter proposal that is intended to address the concerns of those both for and against the proposed amendment.
From the Paper
"Deficit spending in the eighties, coupled with two Gulf Wars and a slowing economy, have escalated the borrowing and spending of this country for nearly two decades straight. As the federal deficit grows, those within government can not help but heed the warning signs. With no end in sight, many inside the beltway have proposed initiatives for capping federal spending. The most notable of these, and perhaps most drastic, is the adoption of a Constitutional amendment requiring a balanced budget. Proponents believe a balanced budget is necessary for the continued prosperity of the nation. They also believe budget oversights can be avoided when the President and lawmakers are held accountable for where they direct money."
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Gay Marriage Amendment, 2008.
This paper argues against an amendment to ban gay marriage in the United States.
1,358 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Congress should not adopt a resolution calling for an amendment to the United States Constitution to ban same-sex marriages. The writer maintains that such an amendment is not necessary to address any real problem and would cause problems. Further, the writer argues that this is a political ploy. In addition, the writer maintains that such an amendment would jeopardize the separation of church and state. The writer concludes that the Federal Marriage Amendment is not needed practically, may cause unexpected problems, is a cynical political ploy, undercuts the judiciary, would jeopardize the separation of church and state and should not be adopted.
From the Paper
"Further, Chapman finds strong practical arguments for gay marriage. It will not increase unfettered sex. Sex, fettered or unfettered at one's preference, is easily and abundantly available. Given liberal divorce laws, many children already live outside the idealized mom-and-daddy family, and others are suffering because their parents do not divorce when they should. If children are better off when their parents marry, and adults generally build more stable relationships in which to raise children if they commit themselves to marriage, how are the children of gay couples better off if their parents barred from marrying? Proponents of the Federal Marriage Amendment leave these questions frustratingly unaddressed."
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Interrogations and the Sixth Amendment, 2005.
A look at the implications that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution has for legal interrogations.
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of the Sixth Amendment. More specifically, the paper discusses interrogations and the Sixth Amendment, while addressing why a statement is sometimes inadmissible under the Sixth Amendment, despite the fact that Miranda did not apply or was complied with. It also questions when the Sixth Amendment attaches, how it is violated, and what precautions are necessary.
From the Paper
"The Sixth Amendment is very intricate. Often, a statement is inadmissible in court for the smallest of reasons, such as an officer forgetting to administer the Miranda rights to a suspect, or not getting a lawyer fast enough when a suspect becomes "the accused." A suspect should not be able to incriminate himself by compulsory questioning, and often this happened, and so, judges took on and defined the Sixth Amendment so suspects and police departments both had more rights. Even when Miranda is complied with, there are other situations that can hinder Sixth Amendment rights, such has having an attorney present, and not questioning a suspect until an attorney is present. In addition, even though Miranda has been correctly administered, law enforcement personnel can threaten, coerce, or frighten a suspect into self-incriminating themselves, and this would make the information inadmissible in court. Even if the suspect voluntarily gives information, if they have not specifically waived their rights, they cannot incriminate themselves, and the evidence will not stand. This is why law enforcement personnel must be completely aware of the Sixth Amendment and all its' implications."
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Wrongful Dismissal and the First Amendment, 2002.
An in-depth study of the abuse of the individual right in the American First Amendment.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the fact the history shows that uncertainties of a fragile First Amendment during times of crisis are well founded, as seen in the post September 11th era. It defines and provides a history of the First Amendment. It uses numerous legal cases to support its claims. The paper describes the Five Freedoms. The author states that the First Amendment right of free association has been rigorously compromised, particularly for those connected with Muslim organizations that the government believes supports anti-American causes.
Table of Contents
History and the First Amendment
Free Expression on Private Property
Hate Speech
Clear and Present Danger
The Problem of ''Symbolic Speech.''
Conclusion
Reference:
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The most basic element of freedom of expression is the right of freedom of speech. The right to freedom of speech allows individuals to utter them without interference or constraint by the government. The Supreme Court requires the government to provide extensive justification for the interference with the right of free speech where it attempts to normalize the content of the speech. A less rigorous test is applied for content-neutral legislation. The Supreme Court has also recognized that the government may proscribe some speech that may cause a breach of the peace or cause violence. The right to free speech includes other mediums of expression that communicates a message."
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Constitutional Amendment, 2005.
A look at two proposals for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution regarding the definition of marriage.
903 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the Federal Marriage Amendment, represents a repudiation of the rights and freedoms already granted to all citizens in the Constitution because its intended purpose is to deny gays and lesbians the right to a legal marriage. The paper contends that a better amendment regarding the institution of marriage would be the Amendment for Total Equality because it would guarantee to all citizens the legal rights and benefits of marriage and seeks to prevent and, ultimately, eliminate legal discrimination against homosexuals.
From the Paper
"The definition of civil marriage is currently defined by state law. According to the Federalist principles underlying the creation of the union, individual states have the right to define the legal parameters of marriage: "the state is free to set limits to the circumstances in which marriage may be permitted, and judicial interpretation thereof," ("Federal Marriage Amendment" 2004). The federal government cannot offer a blanket definition of marriage. However, a proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States: H.J. Res 56, would place universal parameters on the definition of the social institution. Also called the Federal Marriage Amendment, the proposal reads: "Marriage in the United States shall consist only of the union of a man and a woman. Neither this Constitution or the constitution of any State, nor state or federal law, shall be construed to require that marital status or the legal incidents thereof be conferred upon unmarried couples or groups," ("Federal Marriage Amendment" Section One, cited by Longley 2004). Support for H.J. Res 56 is relatively strong. Its proponents seek primarily to prevent gays and lesbians from being able to legally marry."
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The Fourth Amendment, 2005.
This paper discusses the nature and authority of the Fourth Amendment.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution under the Bill of Rights. The author points out that this amendment prohibits unlawful searches and seizures on the part of the government and is aimed at protecting the security and privacy of individual citizens from government intrusions. The paper reviews the amendment and suggests some contemporary challenges to its authority.
From the Paper
"Anyone who has ever watched any of the number of courtroom dramas broadcast on television these days will have heard of the Fourth Amendment. For lawyers, it seems to be a phrase tossed around with ease with the likes of probable cause and unlawful search and seizure. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution constitutes one of the most important elements of the modern American justice system, but is one part that is not so well understood by the general populace. Additionally, the increasing number of electronic crimes via computers and the Internet has made the Fourth Amendment even more difficult to understand and appropriately apply for citizens and lawmakers alike."
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Victims? Rights Constitutional Amendment, 2004.
A look at arguments for and against the victims? rights Constitutional amendment.
1,101 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the how Senate Judiciary Committee passed the victims? rights Constitutional amendment, which would give crime victims the right to be notified, present and heard at critical stages throughout their case. It examines how advocates for the amendment believe it encompasses four basic ideas: that all victims should be treated with the same dignity and given the same information as the accused criminal; how victims are notified when rapists or abusers are let out of jail or prison; how no one can profit from crime, and any monies should go to the victims and their families; and finally, how nationwide victims will be allowed to make victim impact statements before final sentencing. It also discusses how the amendment has encountered much opposition from nonprofit groups and prosecutors and judges who believe that granting victims the right to a speedy trial may put pressure on prosecution to try the case before it is ready.
From the Paper
"The amendment also denies defendants due process rights, due process rights protect the innocent from arrest and imprisonment. They do not exist to protect the guilty criminals from punishment. One basic due process right is the right to be afforded an impartial trial. However, when you have victims pleading to the jury to return a guilty verdict, you can easily see that someone innocent could easily be denied the due process of the law (aclu.org). The result of this miscarriage of justice is innocent people being wrongfully convicted for crimes they did not commit (Wallace)."
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Missouri's Amendment 2, 2006.
A rebuttal essay arguing against Missouri's newly added Amendment 2.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In November, Missourians voted for an amendment which clearly states that no person can clone or attempt to clone a human being, but it does allow for somatic cell nuclear transfer. This paper presents a rebuttal argument against Missouri's newly added Amendment 2. It covers three main arguments against the amendment: cloning, egg donation, and financial motives.
From the Paper
"In order to effectively clone, researchers will need to have women donate human eggs and this is an extremely dangerous process. The first step to this lengthy and risky process of donation is to stop the women's normal cycle by halting her ovaries' normal function. Then very high doses of hormones are injected daily into a women's body in order to hyperstimulate her ovaries into obtaining several mature eggs as opposed to the normal single mature egg. Occasionally the process can cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or OHSS."
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