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The North American Automobile Industry, 2005.
This paper discusses the application of the Japanese management style, or 'lean' techniques as they generally are known, to the North American automobile industry.
2,955 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a challenge to employment relations and employment strategies in the automobile industry is to provide a greater flexibility in the organization of labor, the better deployment of the work force, the means of providing a 'voice' for the employee in issues of governance at the enterprise level and methods to improve the quality and the quantity of production. The author points out that the Japanese work culture is different than the American culture: The Japanese people are completely 'group oriented' in contrasted to the Americans who are totally 'individualistic'. The paper states that more and more companies are using the new concepts of 'lean' project management; this needs excellent skills on the part of the manager to use his or her skills to communicate company decisions.
From the Paper
"It was during the 1970's and the 80's that the Japanese gained an entry into the International Automobile Industry and managed to capture a large market share in North America and Britain and Europe as well as in Australia and parts of Asia. The Japanese also managed to convince the world that the production of automobiles could be better and the quality of Japanese automobiles was definitely of a higher standard than of any other automobile produced elsewhere in the world. The 'Toyota production system' was so unique and successful that it created a huge impression on the rest of the world, and prompted the writing of the book called the 'Machine that Changed the World' in 1990, by Womak, Jones and Roos of the MIT. This book popularized the term 'lean production' that came to symbolize Japanese management and production techniques."
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New Delhi, 2004.
A report of the changes evident in the city of New Delhi, India, with a focus on the bazaars and commercial centers.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that it is New Delhi's grand tradition as a political center of power that has firmly rooted it into the spatial landscape. Further, its vast expansion into a major commercial and industrial center within India, coupled with its lack of spatial identity (due to a centralized value on its place in a cultural sense), at once keeps it out of the "traditional" quadrant while placing it into that of the "bazaar city", where it is likely to remain.
From the Paper
"Few people can imagine India without calling to mind its vast cultural, spiritual, and natural splendor. So, too, few non-Indian's can bring to mind the nation without imagining sprawling squalor, chaos (to the western mind), and the history of Gandhi. However, there is much more to India today that few non-Indians understand-that is that the nation, once one of the most disadvantaged in the world, is now rising as one of the nations "most likely to succeed" educationally, economically, as well as politically."
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South Korea, 2005.
A brief overview of the history and economics of South Korea.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at South Korea (official name: Republic of Korea) which was established in 1948 when the Korean peninsula was partitioned.
Outline
General Background
Economy
Current State of the Economy
From the Paper
"The political history of the country has been mixed since its formation in 1948. For the first 12 years of its existence, it was ruled by the authoritarian government of Syngman Rhee. After a brief nine month's interlude of liberalism under Prime Minister Chang Myon that followed the student upheavals of April 1960, the military seized political power in a coup in May 1961. A 27-year rule by two military strongmen ensued under a tight and effective presidential system. During this period calls for restoration of democracy were ruthlessly suppressed and human rights took a back seat. "
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Malaysia?s Foreign Policy Under Mahathir, 2005.
Examines Mahathir Mohammed's impact on Malaysia's foreign policy.
2,140 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The post World War II period has seen the world work increasingly towards respecting the territorial sovereignty of nations. Although, admittedly, geopolitical tensions, culture and religion continue to be divisive issues in pockets, the arena of international relations has shifted its focus from geographical balance of power concepts to global economic power. It is in the light of this background that Mahathir Mohammed's ambitions to establish Malaysia as a strong political and economic middle order in the world begins to assume significance. Indeed, as this paper demonstrates, it can be argued that Malaysia's foreign policy under Mahathir was one of strategic brilliance since it succeeded in building Malaysia as a political and economic force in South East Asia that could not be taken lightly. More important, if the core concern of any foreign policy is to safeguard the national interest, it can be said that Malaysia's foreign policy under the Mahathir administration succeeded in achieving this admirably, by emphasizing on the substantive, economic results of relations, while simultaneously protecting Malaysia's identity as an independent nation.
From the Paper
"Mahathir harnessed the Islam element in his foreign policy to meet several objectives. One, it helped his administration co-opt the rhetoric of its Islamic opponents. Two, by re-prioritizing Malaysia's links with Muslim countries, Malaysia was able to not only establish a distinct national identity for itself, it was able to assert its desire and will to the West that it would seek its own growth path. This is in stark contrast with other developing nations who grew much too reliant on Western foreign aid and were, therefore, influenced by Western interests. Three, the assertion of Malaysia's religious identity complemented Mahathir's vision of a south-south co-operation against the dominance of the North, namely, the United States and Europe. Four, although trade figures do not reflect that Malaysia achieved its goal of increased trade and economic integration with the Middle East and other Muslim countries, it did benefit significantly from its relationships with Islamic countries in terms of aid, and as sources for external loans for its development projects."
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Breaking into the Asian Market, 2005.
An examination of the globalization of the body care industry into Asia.
1,009 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the "globalization" of the body care industry, with a special focus on the Body Shop and its efforts to establish a vital presence in the Kingdom of Thailand. It discusses whether the Thai consumer is susceptible to same kind of marketing as the typical western consumer.
From the Paper
"All over the world, traditional ways-of-life are fast disappearing. Modern industry dramatically changes social relationships in any country to which it comes. Cultures are turned upside down. Much as the Body Shop, and Bath and Body Works, are themselves examples of the pervasiveness of Western consumer goods, they are also emblematic of a general Westernization of attitudes and cultural constructs. As non-Western peoples shed their traditional costumes and modes of adornment, in favor of "Papaya Body Butter," "Satsuma Splash," and ten milliliter bottles of "Calm Water Home Fragrance Oil," they also adopt Western attitudes toward family, gender roles, parent-child relationships, and significantly in many places, assume a far more secular worldview. "
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Thailand, the Internet and Healthcare Education, 2004.
An investigation into Thai youths' use of the internet for healthcare education.
8,986 words (approx. 35.9 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 187.95
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Abstract
Today, the people of Thailand are faced with many of the same issues confronting their counterparts in both industrialized and developing nations. Around the world, concern is growing about who receives access to healthcare services. Some analysts suggest that the disparities in healthcare are actually increasing. These observers maintain that the shift in the healthcare system in advanced industrial countries from the principle of universal access to a more market-oriented system may be one cause of the growing disparities they observe; rising income inequality is another likely reason. To determine when, why and if Thai adolescents are using the enormous repository of valuable healthcare information provided by the internet, this study examines the scholarly literature and surveys a convenience sampling of Thai youths. An analysis of the data is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion, together with appropriate recommendations for policymakers and adolescent internet users in the rapidly industrializing Kingdom of Thailand today.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The ancient Kingdom of Siam is now the nation of Thailand, a modern country that enjoys a free-enterprise economy and encourages foreign investment. The country's exports feature textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical appliances (Thailand, 2004). Today, Thailand has recovered from the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis and has became one of East Asia's best performers in 2002. Increased consumption and investment spending and strong export growth helped to drive GDP growth up to 6.3% in 2003 in spite of a sluggish global economy. Further, the highly popular government has pushed an expansionist policy, including major support of village economic development (Thailand, 2004). In this environment, many uoung Thais are becoming more self-reliant, and are asserting their independence from their families. according to a study by Starcom, a media-planning specialist and affiliate of Leo Burnett, these young people are becoming increasingly aware of social issues that affect their lives."
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Supply Chain Management in China, 2004.
An in-depth analysis of supply chain management in China after its accession to the World Trade Organization.
18,615 words (approx. 74.5 pages), 48 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the recent transfer of political power in China in September 2004, claiming that it represents an enormous opportunity for the Chinese leadership and the country's growing economic base and potential for attracting future foreign investments. The paper contends that managing supply chains effectively in any environment is a complex and challenging task, due to the current business trends of expanding product variety, short product life cycle, increasing outsourcing, globalization of businesses and continuous advances in information technology. However, managing supply chains in this rapidly changing economic and political climate has been a challenging endeavor for both the Chinese and their foreign partners, many of whom must provide a number of redundant supply chain systems to ensure an adequate flow of goods. Consequently, the paper assesses that developing a comprehensive understanding of supply chain management practices in China today and around the globe will help identify opportunities for improvement in the future. This dissertation employs a historical method for analytical purposes, followed by a summary and recommendations in the conclusion.
Table of Contents
Chapter One - Introduction to the Research
Background and Rationale for the Study
Statement of Dissertation Objectives
Overview of Research Strategy
Structure Plan of the Dissertation
Chapter Two - Literature Review
Chapter Three - Industry or Market Overview
Chapter Four - Methodology
Research Problems to be Addressed
Rationale for Methodology
Rationale for Rejection of Other Methods
Problems Encountered
Limitations of Dissertation
Chapter Five - Results and Analysis
Chapter Six - Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Today, the Chinese people enjoy a long and colorful history, but the future of how China may well depend on how it develops it immediate political philosophies concerning relaxation of restrictive laws on both the populace and commerce. These efforts in the short-term will have a direct impact on how the country is able to compete on in the international marketplace. In this changing and unpredictable environment, the effective management of supply chains has assumed increasing importance for the creation and continued execution of current and future manufacturing activities (Easton 2002; Gosman & Kelly 2002). In addition, since it joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, China has become a much more viable market for its own goods, as well as foreign-manufactured goods. In fact, according to an article from the New York Times, the Chinese now buy more cellular phones than any other country (Easton 2002)."
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China and the WTO.
This paper reviews individual articles and interviews Chinese officials to evaluate the World Trade Organization's (WTO) dispute settlement system (DSS) and its implications for China.
9,930 words (approx. 39.7 pages), 40 sources, APA, $ 201.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, after 15 years of bargaining, in December, 2001, China became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), with a formal commitment to relax its traditional restrictiveness and conservative pose and open itself to world markets. The author points out that WTO rules specifically require China to settle its disputes with other member nations through the WTO's dispute settlement system. The paper relates that interviews with Chinese officials reveal that China is not aware enough about the system, not too keen about it, and finds it flawed and threatening.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Design and Methodology
Summary of Findings and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The membership is envisioned to nearly double international trade volume and attract foreign investment with increased exports and technological investment. But the situation will not be the same with China because of the rules-based structure of the WTO and the legally-binding dispute settlement system among its member nations. A national development strategy was the traditional basis of China's economic planning until its decay in the early 80s. The basics of import control, low-cost loans, trading rights and pricing continue to characterize its domestic trade. In the 90s, it bargained with foreign firms in order to obtain desired technologies, but retained self-sufficiency in grains as a basic agricultural policy for decades. It conducts international trade mainly to maintain balanced trade, but backed up with a fixed exchange rate and a limit to imports. Its agreement with the WTO does not include or honor any of these principles."
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The Chinese Insurance System.
This paper discusses the China's insurance regulatory regime and compares it to the insurance regimes in the United Kingdom, Iran, and Japan.
10 words (approx. 0.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper explains, in detail, the laws and operation of the Chinese insurance industry and stresses that China's WTO membership specifically compelled the opening of its insurance sector to foreign competition according to WTO rules and bilateral agreements with fellow member nations. The author points out that, for developing countries like China and Iran, exercising flexibility in making commitments permits opportunities to be gained in liberalizing the insurance service investment sector. The paper relates that the Japan's insurance industry was robustly growing along with the rest of the economy in the great moments of the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s; its overwhelming premium income and asset formation was comparable with that U.S.A., and the limitations of domestic opportunity led it to look outwards for investment.
From the Paper
"The Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China was ratified at the 14th session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on June, 1995. It was promulgated by Presidential Decree 51 for implementation beginning October that year. The law was aimed at standardizing, managing and protecting the insurance industry, the parties and industry activities. It required individuals and organizations within the People's Republic of China who needed domestic insurance should acquire insurance only from insurance companies within the Republic. Those engaged in the industry must observe the law voluntarily, credibly and honestly and the principle of fair competition. The departments of the State Council supervised and managed the industry."
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China?s Labor Laws, 2004.
An overview of Chinese labor laws.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Chinese labor laws. The paper examines such legal and economic issues as the Chinese minimum wage, overtime, maximum amount of hours allowed in a work week, retirement, and benefits. The paper explores how these issues relate to gender equality, age discrimination, child labor, disabled workers, turnover rate, and the unemployment rate.
From the Paper
"Chinese law does not set an official, uniform, national minimum wage, ostensibly to reflect the vastly different expenses of living in various provinces. Instead, it allows local governments to determine their own standards on minimum wages. But although China has no official flat minimum wage, and this varies by province (causing a certain amount of consternation between urban and rural areas and the wage rate discrepancy,) to give a rough idea of how minimum wages are calculated, in a story about new hourly minimum wage regulations in Zhangzhou (Fujian) comes the formula for calculating such wages. "The hourly minimum wage standard = [(the monthly minimum wage 20.92 8) * (1+ the proportion of the premium paid by the enterprise for each worker's retirement and basic medical insurance)] * (1+ fluctuation coefficient). The fluctuation coefficient takes into account the differences between temporary or casual workers and full-time personnel with regard to stability, working conditions and the intensity of the job, and the difference in welfare provided. ("Zhangzhou ceding xiaoshi zuidi gongzi [Zhangzhou determines the minimum hourly wage]," Haixia dushibao [Strait News], 01 July 2004, Cited by Stephen Frost on July 2, 2004)"
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China and the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2005.
A look at the involvement of China in the World Trade Organization, focusing on the need for supply chain management.
8,415 words (approx. 33.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the circumstances that led China to join the WTO, an analysis of the Chinese economy prior to joining the organization, and its performance after becoming a member. The study examines the performance and limitations of supply chain management in China. It then provides recommendations for improving the working of supply chain management in China.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Supply Chain Operations in China: Benefits
4. Limitations of Supply Chain Management in China
5. Recommendations for Improvement
6. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of the companies are presently resorting to different methods of making their work done by hiring people through a process known as outsourcing. The companies try to focus on their basic activities in which they are competent and other ancillary activities are outsourced on contract basis to others. The Chinese market is now in global focus as one of the growing market. The favorable circumstance for investment by the multinational corporations in respect of multiple ranges of industries like consumer products, automotive, electronics, telecommunications etc., is the primary reason for its attraction. The widespread marketing prospects, highly educated people, cost-effective methods of production, and effective networks for distribution made the Chinese market so significant globally. Another reason that made China the centre of attraction is the performance of its economy even amidst the Asian catastrophe. The bewildering increase of its exports by 25% has made its international trade becoming more significant. The self assured Chinese economy led to signify the role of international relations. The operation of Motorola in the Chinese soil led the Western members to consider the Chinese market as very significant and cannot be set aside. The Western leaders could visualize a growth rate of over 9 percent per annum and in favor of initiation of reformation in the global trading policy. China is predicted to be the seventh world ranking largest exporter and eighth largest importer by the end of 2000. Next only to US, China has become the second largest playground attracting the foreign capitalists with an investment of about 400 million US dollar. Besides, it is evident to the Western leaders to visualize the large population of China with the diversities as a never ending supplier of low wage laborers in addition to the large middle class consumers. In view of these it is considered by the Western leaders that non-admittance of China to the WTO cannot be the other alternative. (Chanoff, 2002)"
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Human Resources Management in China, 2005.
A look at why the Japanese have failed to implement a successful method of human resources management in China.
11,295 words (approx. 45.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 221.95
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Abstract
This paper explains Japanese human resource management in China and looks at several hypotheses as to why the Japanese have been unsuccessful in adapting their own style of management to the Chinese culture and society. The paper then looks at possible solutions to the dilemma based upon lessons learned from the cultural/business guru, Geert Hofstede, and North American and European entrants into the Chinese marketplace.
Introduction and Statement of the Problem
Background
The Problem
Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 2
Hypothesis 3
Review of the Literature
Japanese Management in the U.S. and Canada
Japanese Management in the People's Republic of China
Chinese Indigenous Management
Methodology
Findings
The Case Study: Nokia
How to Succeed in China
From the Paper
"Any attempt to quantify, or even qualify, the activities of Japanese human resources managers in the People's Republic of China-especially in contrast to the way Japanese human resources managers behave at home-offers abundant pitfalls. While an extensive survey might possibly shed some light on the differences, if any, it would also point out the first of many problems in attempting to gather that sort of information: Chinese managers (not to mention the rank and file) are generally reluctant to fill out forms, a leftover from a time when it was simply safer to know nothing, say nothing and do nothing (Bruton & Chan 2000, p. 4). Therefore, the Chinese side of the story would necessarily be skewed. As for the Japanese side, it is unlikely, with the powerful Japanese emphasis on loyalty to the company (not to mention the fact of working for one company virtually for life), it unlikely that any responses from that population group would be devoid of inconsistencies. In short, with the complex societal expectations in both of those cultures, and the fact that change in the People's Republic of China is exceedingly rapid at the moment, a survey seems like an unreliable way to shed light on the differences between Japanese management at home, and Japanese management in the People's Republic of China. Far more accessible are the numerous studies of Japanese management in Japan and in other, more easily investigated nations: the U.S., Canada, and even other Asian nations that have been open to western commerce for much longer, and that have not had an almost complete lack of independent enterprise for the better part of a century."
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Child Labor, 2005.
An in-depth examination of the effects of child labor on children's development, focusing on the situation in India.
17,786 words (approx. 71.1 pages), 42 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The research question is whether the abolition of child labor is totally feasible, and if so, how, and if not, why. In answering the research question, the research paper provides a deep, broader study into the research done by several scholars on the issue of child labor. It also offers an analysis of the causes for the prevalence of child labor in the world, with a focus on the situation in India. The study also makes recommendations for solving the issue of child labor in India, having an understanding of why the issue could not be solved over the years. The study argues that child labor cannot be abolished in India, but its magnitude can be reduced.
Outline
Chapter 1
Introduction
Problem Statement
Research Question
Chapter 2
Review of Literature
Magnitude of the Problem at International and National Level
National Level Involvement
Chapter 3
Child Labor in India
Chapter 4
Solutions and Recommendations
Chapter 5
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The global attention regarding child labor is presently more unprecedented compared to any other period in the in the initial part of twentieth century. This newfound concern has been supplemented by an association of novel international conferences, novel performers, and novel allocation of funds, novel studies, novel information, novel concepts, and increased performances in a broad diversity of Third World nation specific financial and societal surroundings. An outcome of this current campaign is improved multiplicity of thinking as well and accomplishment. The writings as well as conventions on child labor are presently discernible by strong argument in respect to several vital concerns. Yet among renowned specialists, research professionals and campaigners, an extensive and sometimes fiery incongruity exists on elementary issues like what comprises child labor, the reasons behind its occurrence, and the manner in which it influences children and society, and the optimum method to tackle the predicament."
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Poverty Reduction in Pakistan.
This paper discusses the role of financial institutions in poverty reduction in Pakistan.
12,205 words (approx. 48.8 pages), 42 sources, APA, $ 235.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the challenges faced by institutions pursuing the expansion of micro-finance in Pakistan are as complex and varied as the causes of poverty, which are lack of access of the poor to public services, poor governance, gender discrimination against women, and the absence of risk mitigation measures. The author points out that micro-finance provides very poor families with very small loans, also known as micro-credit, initial savings of $35, and a first-time loan of about $295, with an interest rate of 18-20% per annum, to help them engage in productive activities or grow their tiny businesses. Micro-finance also can include a broader range of services such as credit, savings, and insurance because the poor lack access to traditional, formal, financial institutions. The paper relates that commercial banks are well suited to providing micro-credit to the poor because they can handle large numbers of transactions and have the capacity to track a large number of loans; highly localized, non-government organizations (NGOs) also can play a vital role in the provision of micro-finance services, but they are riddled with institutional inefficiencies.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Poverty's Dimensions and Causes
Micro-Finance and Poverty Reduction
Role of Financial Institutions in Providing Micro-Finance
Challenges and Recommendations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Pakistan has seen steady growth in the agricultural sector, averaging over 4 percent per year from 1993 to 1999. Despite this, the incidence of poverty in rural areas increased by 7 percentage points over the same period. The overall growth of the sector is not translating into reduced poverty at the rural level. There are two possible reasons for this disparity. First, the unpredictability of the agricultural sector could have led to fluctuations of consumption in rural areas, as well as asset depletion of the rural poor as they continue to try and meet their consumption needs. Second, rural poverty is also closely linked to the distribution pattern of assets, especially land assets, which is a prevalent problem in rural Pakistan."
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The Performance Appraisal Approach, 2004.
An examination of the strengths and weaknesses of the performance appraisal approach in theory and practice.
2,153 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 47 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies the role of performance appraisal as a management tool to increase productivity of an employee and the organization as a whole. The paper contends that performance appraisals and reviews can be used in conjunction with various other management tools such as Total Quality Management (TQM) to improve the overall performance. The paper examines the salient features of performance appraisal and the role it plays in quality awards such as the Malcolm Baldrige award in the United States, the Deming Award in Japan, and the EFQM in Europe. Performance appraisal approaches, both in theory and practice, are not without flaws. Japan has been selected for a study of the strengths and weaknesses of the performance appraisal approach, and special focus is placed on the effect of culture on the use of this tool.
From the Paper
"Japanese products enjoy high demand all over the world and industries in Japan are constantly looking for ways and means of improving their competitive advantage with respect to the other Asian countries. Many of the Japanese industries also have "transplant manufacturing sector" all over the world where similar products are manufactured in different environments. (Munday and Peel, 1997) Performance appraisals and worker reviews are not new to Japan. An empirical study conducted with respect to performance appraisals revealed "the development and subordinates express purposes were not currently practiced extensively, while documentation was found to be among the most highly used purposes. Pay is based primarily on seniority; the pay-purpose was found to be related to appraisal effectiveness." (Milliman et al., 1995) Excessive use of this tool has however created a negative impact on the worker. (Kleeman, 1992)"
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