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Japanese Railroad History, 2006.
Examines the history of Japan's railroad up until the modern day train system, called the Shinkansen.
5,437 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
A look at the modern railway system of Japan presents a very impressive picture of technological development. Known today as the Shinkansen (translated to mean "new trunk line" or "new main line"), the record of the Japanese train system is amazing. The paper shows that since its induction in 1964, the Shinkansen has never had a passenger related fatality (meaning there has never been a major train wreckage which caused the deaths of passengers on board the train since its commencement in 1964). This is a remarkable achievement considering that it was one of the first modern railway systems to be built in the world. The paper shows that the safety and reliability of the Shinkansen bears a reflection of the Japanese culture and its people's desire for harmony and an ideal state.
From the Paper
"Soon after the Meiji Restoration, the new government initiated plans for Japan's railway system. One of the more influential leaders of that early period, Okubo Toshimichi, pushed for the direct involvement of the government in railway construction. He said that to industrialize Japan, "Industrial Initiatives" alone were not adequate. What was required, according to Toshimichi, was "the patronage and encouragement of the government and its officials" (Beasley 103-104). Early on, leaders in the Meiji government recognized the political and economic benefits of a railway. A strong military needed a railroad system, and the railway would strengthen the central government."
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Monsanto, Genetic Engineering and Indonesia, 2006.
Examines how the agricultural company, Monsanto, introduced genetic engineering (GE) to Indonesia.
3,857 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
Monsanto is a leading provider of agricultural products to farmers. This paper analyzes the company and then presents a definition of GE. The paper then discusses why and how genetic engineering was introduced to Indonesia by Monsanto.
Paper Outline:
What is Monsanto?
What is GE? What is GE Seed?
What is Monsanto's Background of Internationally Traded Genetically Engineered (GE) Seed?
What are the Regulations of GE Products in USA?
What are the Regulations and Laws of GE Products in Indonesia?
What is the Jurisdiction of US Law in International Trade?
What Does it Take to put a Product on the Market in Indonesia?
What did Monsanto do to put GE seed in Indonesia?
Did Monsanto Follow the Regulations?
What was the Response in Indonesia?
What was the Outcome of the Legal Process in the USA?
What are the Implications of this Case on the International GE Trade?
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In recent years, Indonesia has liberalized its trade regime and taken a number of important steps to reduce protection. Since 1996, the Indonesian Government has issued deregulation packages that have reduced overall tariff levels, simplified the tariff structure, removed restrictions, replaced non-tariff barriers with more transparent tariffs, and encouraged foreign and domestic private investment. The GOI issued a deregulation package in July 1997, which introduced additional tariff reductions."
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The Asian Debt Crisis, 2006.
An analysis of the Asian debt crisis and its implications for the United States economy.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper states the four principle causes for the financial crisis and explains them. The writer discusses the International Monetary Fund bailout of the Asian nations. The writer cites and explains suggestions of how to deal with the crisis, with emphasis on the suggestions of George Soros, as seen in his article "Avoiding a Breakdown", Financial Times, December 31, 1997. In conclusion, the paper states that it is important for the United States to support IMF activities even though they may be flawed, while reserving the right to revisit the issue at a later time. Table of Contents: Exchange Rate Misalignment Weak Financial Institutions Export Slowdown Moral Hazard Impact on the U.S. The International Monetary System
From the Paper
"Conventional wisdom is that the events in Asia will reduce US growth by 0.5-1.0 percentage points relative to baseline over the next two years or so. Regardless of which statistics are employed, the impact will most assuredly be felt quite differently in different sectors of the economy. Import-competing sectors, such as light manufacturing, are likely to experience declines in output and employment. Obversely, non-traded, interest-sensitive sectors, such as, real estate and construction should benefit. One could think of this situation as similar to the mid-1980s when the term "Rust Belt" entered the popular lexicon, while the "Sunbelt" experienced a construction boom - though compared to the mid-1980s, the impact of the events in Asia will most likely be one half to one third as large. "The increase in trade deficits is likely to worsen trade tensions with countries such as South Korea. As the world's sole superpower, US leadership will be crucial to constructively resolve this crisis. Any move to close the US market in response to the rising deficits would set a horrible example for the rest of the world. Past experiences show clearly that there are links between trade and finance, and policy can have an enormous impact on outcomes."
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"The Tale of Genji", 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes Lady Murasaki Shikibu's 11th century novel "The Tale of Genji" which focuses on Confucius, Buddhism and Japanese culture.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This informative paper details the plot of Shikibu's novel, "The Tale of Genji" which centers on Hikaru Genji, the son of a Heian period emperor and one of his concubines. This paper addresses Japanese culture in the 11th century and contains pertinent information and facts relating to Buddhist and Confucian philosophy as well as Japan's expanding intellectual freedom, which is apparent in Shikibu's writing style.
From the Paper
"In arguing for an essentially humanistic and even existential perspective on the nature of a moral life, Lady Murasaki was arguing against what much of Confucianism taught. The philosophy of Confucianism, imported from China and highly influential in terms of Japanese culture and social structure of the Heian period. Confucius was a minor aristocrat and official who served in the Chinese state of Lu, which is located in what is now Shandong Province. He spent most of his life - from the fifth century to the early fourth century before the Christian era - serving as an advisor to the rulers of various neighboring states and as a scholar and teacher."
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Architecture in Japan, 2006.
This well researched paper examines the drastic changes in Japanese architecture from ancient times to the present day.
3,705 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the architecture of Japan from ancient times to the present day which has changed drastically. The writer discusses how Buddhism as a religion entered Japan and brought with it the architectural influences of the Chinese and Korean cultures which Japan adopted and made its own. While these historical monuments still remain and are cherished this form and material of their creation are no longer used. This paper examines the architectural artistry in Japan which is described as a dynamic art form that reflects the society and era in which it was introduced. Topics covered in this report include: Thesis Statement Abstract Influences Background Analysis Conclusion Thesis Support References
From the Paper
"Under the influence of the West, modern Japanese architecture has come to regard rigid, steel-frame concrete-stiffened construction as the exemplar. Not only is the idea of balancing poles quite alien to this rigid style of construction, but, more fundamentally, this tradition, which regards a building as semi-permanent and therefore fixed and immutable, simply cannot accommodate the notion of a structure that moves about. Symbolically it is possible to present that the hanging pillar represents the final stage in the evolution of the shinbashira as a religious symbol. If the anchored pillar is seen as representing the gods dwelling within the earth and the pillar on a stone base as representing the gods on the earth, the suspended pillar may be taken to represent the gods of the skies."
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Postwar Vietnamese Novels, 2005.
This paper reviews two postwar Vietnamese novels: "The Sorrow of War" by Bao Ninh and "Paradise of the Blind" by Duong Thu Huong.
2,390 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Vietnam War was a war between the forces of communism (the norrth) and of capitalism and democracy (the south) and was particularly bloody because of technological advancements, such as napalm and agent-orange. The author points out that Bao Ninh's "The Sorrow of War" is both an anti-war and an anti-heroic novel in which war is not glorified but rather equated with suffering and sorrow. The paper relates that Duong Thu Huong in his novel "Paradise of the Blind" presents socialism positively as it allows people of humble origins to rise up through the ranks.
From the Paper
"Land reform is seen as a necessary step in "Paradise of the Blind", but it was not without its errors. The first socialists were perhaps too strident in their methods. Thus, the "Special Section for the Rectification of Errors" came into being. This group of socialists acknowledged that in the pasts errors had been made. This willingness to accept that socialism is not perfect is a positive aspect of Vietnamese socialism as portrayed in "Paradise of the Blind". Socialism has evolved. It gives the people a chance to correct errors. The atmosphere in the time of the Special Section for the Rectification of Errors was one of "laughter, tears, and sighs of relief." Socialism ushered in a happy time in Vietnamese history, even if the initial days might have been a little rough.""
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Postwar Korea, 2006.
This in-depth paper details Korea's economy and political climate, post WWII, focusing mainly on 1961 to the present.
2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper examines the various influential factors that contributed to the success of Korea's economy, which took a turn for the better in 1961 under the leadership of General Park. The economic success of South Korea is interesting because it formerly had an economic profile like most developing countries with import substitution and a deficit on the trade balance mainly due to foreign loans and no developed industry. This detailed paper explores the culture, living standards and political system in Korea, post WWII. The writer of this paper also discusses the Korean government's plan to embark on economic reforms, deregulating the financial system which would chip away at the power of the family-owned conglomerates.
Topics covered in this paper include:
Introduction
Korea Prior to the Asian Economic Downturn
Factors of Influence
The Culture
Infrastructure
The Living Standards
The Cold War
The Political System
Technology
The Role of Saving
Development of the Korean Economy
Resemblance to Japan's Model of Economic Development
Conclusion
Endnotes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Korea has a cultural homogeneity. Furthermore in the culture there is the existence of Confucianism with a high degree of group orientation. To make sure that their children receive education is a part of the Confucian tradition and this again is basis for a well-educated and hard working work force. A part of the Confucian ethic is the existence of a hierarchical pattern of relationships. This may have been one of the reasons why the military government could stay in power while placing restrictive obligations on businessmen and still recruit the best qualified to the bureaucracy from the universities. In the Asian cultures it has always been highly respected to belong to the bureaucracy."
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The English Language and India, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of the British using their English language and culture in India to "educate the Indians".
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, beginning in the 18th century, the British missionaries and their establishing institutions of learning, which initiated much of the early education of the Indians, thought that if English was intrinsically healthy, it stood to reason that the Indian languages were the opposite. The author points out that, to find employment in a civil service position, an individual needed to pass an English qualifying exam and receive a "western degree"; therefore, it is no surprise that the educated class, in some cases, became more English than the English. The paper relates that, with the leadership of Gandhi, who was once an avid Anglophile, the many Indian languages came to be favored over English; however, even today, English is used as a kind of national language for affairs of state because India is multi-lingual and having a unifying language is seen as important. Several long quotes.
From the Paper
"The group that benefited possibly the most was the Bengalis.
The Bengalis developed a vigorous Westernized culture quite independent of their British neighbors. Education became a mark of social distinction as well as a means for advancement. Competition in the schools and universities was (and is) fierce by Western standards. The highly educated and literate populace gave rise to a great demand for books. A few blocks south of the Marble Palace is the College Street Market where, adjacent to the dignified buildings of Calcutta University, there exists a prodigious collection of publishers and booksellers. The market is an intellectual phenomenon in itself, probably the largest book market in the world. Books on every conceivable subject are published both in English and Bengali. The Bengali authors have a marvelous facility with the English language and at its best the quality of literature in Calcutta ranks with that of any center in the world."
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Indonesia's Economy, 2006.
A discussion of economic issues facing the nation of Indonesia, factors affecting those issues and measures undertaken to address them.
2,571 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of Indonesia's economy, discussing first the country's most recent economic crisis and then looking at how the government of Indonesia addressed the crisis. The paper outlines the economic troubles that the crisis brought on and the Indonesian government's efforts to deal with these troubles. The paper explains that, while Indonesia's economic outlook at first appeared bleak, the country's economic future now looks much brighter thanks to a series of economic measures, mostly pertaining to foreign investment, instituted by the government.
From the Paper
"In October 1997, the Indonesian government had no choice, but to turn to the International Monetary Fund for assistance. Indonesia's economic troubles included a severe depreciation of its currency, the Rupiah, a rising inflation, and a banking system on the verge of collapse. With the assistance of the International Monetary Fund, there were major changes and included "major structural reforms, which should ultimately result in an improved investment climate.""
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Ngo Dinh Diem, 2006.
A review of the background leading up to the war in Vietnam, focusing on the life of Ngo Dinh Diem, the Prime Minister of South Vietnam.
2,169 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the life of Ngo Dinh Diem as a means to understanding the causes of the Vietnam war. After touching on Diem's early life and rise to the premiership, the paper focuses on his correspondence with the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations. The paper analyzes Diem's and his brother Nhu's campaign of deception against the American government in order to secure more funds for their personal use. The paper ends with their death, and concludes that following their build up of the threat of war, and Kennedy's subsequent assassination, there was no more possibility of a peaceful solution.
From the Paper
"A symbol of the political and moral disaster of Vietnam is the life and death of Ngo Dinh Diem. "Born in 1901, Ngo Dinh Diem was born into an aristocratic, Roman Catholic family with close ties to the Emperor. He served in Emperor Bao Dai's administration under French colonial rule until 1933." [1] During and after World War II he opposed both French colonial rule and the communist-led independence movement. As an anti-Communist he turned down an offer from Ho Chi Minh to become part of his government, in 1945. As a result of his opposition to the French and to the communists, he spent several years in exile, where he worked to get American political support for a postwar independent Vietnam. He, of course, wanted to lead that government,. "One chronicler dubbed Ngo 'the last Confucius', who believed that Vietnam needed the benevolent, authoritarian rule of enlightened elites." [2]"
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Economic Problems and Policies in Modern China, 2006.
A discussion of the Chinese economy and the history that molded it.
3,765 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that in order to understand the economic problems in modern China, it is important to first have a fundamental understanding about this country, and a sense of its historical background. This background information is discussed in detail. The writer shows how the rise of the Cultural Revolution ultimately caused a rise in the Chinese economy. In conclusion, the writer states that today the Chinese economy stands on an even keel with European countries and America.
Table of Contents:
China - The Country and its Location in the World Map
China - Its Administrative Set up
China- Its Climatic and Animal and Natural Habitation
What is the Cultural Revolution?
An Analysis of the Cultural Revolution
After the Cultural Revolution
Economic Policies and Changes After the Cultural Movement
Bibliography
From the Paper
"It was at this juncture that Mao called the Army led by Lin Biao to step in on behalf of the Red Guard. When the Army came in it resulted in a division between the military and tensions come to the forefront when Chen Zaido a Military Commander arrested two key radical party leaders. In 1968, after several cycles of radicalism Mao decided to rebuild the Communist Party to gain greater control. Military was sent in to take control of schools, factories and government agencies and this act forced many millions of Red Guard to move to rural lands to pursue their activity. This also had an effect of scattering the Red Guard and also brought some order into the urban cities. In August of 1968, when the Soviet invaded Czechoslovakia, China began to feel greatly unsecured which added to Mao's confused thinking and disillusionment.
"In the 12th Plenum of the Eight Central Committee where the point of who would inherit political power became a central issue in Chinese politics the question of who will be a successor to Mao came up. At the Ninth Party Congress meeting convened in April 1969 Defense Minister Lin Biao was officially designated Mao's successor. With this the military tightened its grip over the Chinese society. This made the entire committee and Party to be completed dominated by Military men in uniform.
"Sino Soviet Border clashes in 1969 paved the way for a martial law in China when Lin took full advantage of the situation. It was during this time several communist leaders died and many suffered moral turpitude during this upheaval. Lin was an aggressive personality and wanted power and slowly Mao began to feel his pulse the wrong way and began to work against Lin. Premier Zhou Enlai joined Mao in this venture and endeavor and Mao's wife Jiang Qing also joined in the fray. But Mao's trusted assistant Deng decided to support Lin. This break up caused many a problem within the party set up and even though many measures were taken to bring back normalcy to China in 1979-71 it could not be accomplished."
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Religion: China vs. Germany, 2006.
This paper details the religious similarities and differences between China and Germany.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 93 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper uses detailed historical anthropology of religion in comparing the religions of both China and Germany. This well researched paper lists the extreme contrasts of culture, values and universal laws for both countries.
From the Paper
"The first Chinese philosopher to both evaluate and combine these beliefs into a workable whole was Lao Tsu. He philosophized that the universe is not black and white but a dance between the two. His belief system is called Taoism and is actually part of the underlying cultural psyche of most Chinese people. Taoism was a belief that supported the worldview of the rural farmer rather than the bureaucrat."
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Hinduism, 2006.
An overview of the Eastern religion known as Hinduism.
1,329 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Hinduism is a very peaceful, reflective and meditative form of religious belief. This paper provides an overview of Hinduism. It includes information about this religion's history, beliefs, traditions and festivals.
From the Paper
"It interesting to note that although there are Hindu temples, the worship of the Hindu religion is basically an individual one. Many Hindu homes have icons or statues and shrines at which the devout repeat the name of their favorite deity and offer a prayer. The truly devout Hindus worship three times a day. There are a number of explanations of the very word "Hindu." It does not represent a deity. It may be from the Arabic name for India, "Hindustan", or it could be that the origins came from an area near the Indus River."
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Religion as a Tool for Manipulating the Poor, 2006.
A discussion of the way the elites in both India and Pakistan use religion to manipulate the poor and uneducated for political power and control.
2,391 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ongoing struggle and strife between the nations of Pakistan and India and looks at how the elites in both countries have gained political power and control by using religion to manipulate the poor and uneducated. The paper suggests that differences between the two countries are fueled by the political and military leaders for their own vested interests and that religion is used as an instrument by both sides to gain the sympathy of the deprived masses and to create an atmosphere of religious hatred and fanaticism.
From the Paper
"Pakistan, a nation for only 55 years, has had a unstable history. Ruled by the military for half its subsistence, it has seen three wars with India and the loss of much of its territory. The blend of political instability, deep-seated monetary and social problems, and access to nuclear weapons has made it one of the most intentionally sensitive countries in the world. The war in neighbouring Afghanistan has positioned it at the very centre of global attention and projected its military ruler, General Pervez Musharraf, onto the world stage."
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The History of Tantric Buddhism, 2006.
A general history of Buddhism with particular focus on Tantric Buddhism.
3,866 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a general discussion of the history of Buddhism in and then goes on to discuss the specific history of Tantric Buddhism. The paper briefly discusses the life of Buddha and how, after his death, several different sects within Buddhism arose, including Tantric Buddhism. The paper explains that Tantric (esoteric) Buddhism arose in the seventh and eighth centuries in India and the Himalayas and still survives today, in the twentieth century, as a living tradition of the Buddhism found in Nepal and Tibet. The paper also discusses early Tantric scriptures, Tantric practices and beliefs and its spread to other countries. In addition, the paper examines Western acceptance of Tantric Buddhism and the modern expression of this ancient religion and philosophy.
From the Paper
"The historical Buddha spoke a language of Sanskrit, the classical language of ancient India, although it is not clear which specific dialect he spoke. Sanskrit was a formal literary language used almost exclusively by the elite of society. There is an extensive record of the Buddha's teaching that survives today; it is written in an ancient Indian dialect known as Pali. This record forms the scriptural basis for one of two forms of contemporary Buddhism, the Theravada; this is practiced in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia."
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