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Chinese Business Communication, 2006.
This paper discusses Chinese business communication and the conduit metaphor.
4,665 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at communication in the Chinese business world and the conduit metaphor. The writer discusses that a global code of general ethics and basic business communication is increasingly being accepted by all countries, regardless of the diversity of their cultures. In this way the same principles of democracy in business have become applicable to all countries from the West to the East of the world. The writer notes that this paradigm is however not without its difficulties and certain business principles, such as the conduit metaphor, are still an acceptable practice within certain countries.
The writer contends that globalization and communication technology thus complicates matters of business communication when two divergent countries attempt to engage in business together.
The writer concludes that it can be understood that Chinese businesses should learn to foster more open and honest communication channels for the sake of corporate survival in the international arena.
From the Paper
"It is of primary importance to accept responsibility for one's business practices in the public eye in order to ensure public trust. This results in sound business practices and more beneficial business for both the company involved and the public they serve. However, any organization, whether corporate or government, that views communication in terms of a conduit metaphor, will hold the incorrect view that certain information can be kept away from public scrutiny. This is so because, according to the conduit metaphor theory, communication occurs when information is sent from sender to receiver via a transmitter. There is therefore no room for possible human error in either transmitting or receiving the message. It is also irrelevant for the purposes of communication to know whether the transmission occurred via human or electronic means. The theory assumes that successful communication has occurred when the receiver objectively interprets the sender's intention and meaning behind the information sent. In other words, information that is put into the right words will be easily communicable. Any extraneous information that follows the correct one can thus be eliminated as unwanted "noise"."
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Japanese Culture, 2006.
A look at Japanese culture focusing on the teachings of The Buddha.
3,123 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper researches Japanese culture, a culture primarily based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as The Buddha, in his work "The Eightfold Path". According to this paper, The Buddha was not Japanese but, probably, Nepalese and while he is believed to have lived from 543 to 483 B.C.E., some hold that he lived a century later.
Contents:
How Buddhism Creates a Unique "Built Environment"
Japanese Ritual is What Transforms 'Nothing' Into 'Something.'
Smaller Artifacts and Buddhism/Spirituality
Symbolic Carvings on Useful Items: Synthesis
Borrowing From Another Asian Culture
The Final Frontier of Spirituality: Metaphysics and Quantum Physics
Synthesis
From the Paper
"Like so much else in Japanese culture, it is not what it seems, but rather a symbolic combination of the mundane (hair ornamentation) with the sublime, or, as Jones puts it, "transforming the ordinary object into something extraordinary. The object's relationship with its surroundings and its own purpose are integral to kazari" (Jones, 2003, p. 4626), a fact that brings this, too, into the metaphysical realm suggested by the brief passage from The Eightfold Path.
The genius of the Japanese is also cited as their ability to incorporate elements from other cultures and make them not only their own, but central to the Japanese way of life. "Most aspects of Japanese culture came at one time from China--the tea ceremony, for example--and ... shows Japan's fascination with China in the 15th and 16th centuries"
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The Nomadic Mongolian Pastoralists, 2006.
This paper describes the nomadic Mongolian pastoralists and discusses their future.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that pastoralism is the practice of human populations using the products of herd animals for survival in areas with scarce other resources; however, most pastoralists are nomadic only between seasons because the seasonal changes in their environments require movement to areas with greater grazing capabilities. The author points out that the Mongolian pastoralists, many of whom are now herding for profit instead of subsistence, are increasing the size of their herds using modern technology resulting in overgrazing, which is challenging the ecology of the nation. The paper concludes that, unless measures are taken, either by the Mongolian pastoralists themselves or by the government of Mongolia, the subsistence of the Mongolian pastoralists may be in jeopardy, centuries of tradition will be lost and an economic pattern of survival, which has sustained a nation, will be challenged.
From the Paper
"The political patterns, too, have changed drastically. As mentioned, the changeover from a Soviet leadership to a Democratic government has also meant drastic changes to landscape protections, an issue which directly affects pastoralist communities. Following the Soviet collapse, a number of vital grassland areas have been placed under national protection in the new democracy. According to Bedunah and Schmidt (2004), by the year 2000, over 13 percent of Mongolia was under federal protection. These restrictions mean fewer lands for herd animals, and with an increase in herding due to a loss of economically viable positions in urban areas, the results are a lack of sustainability and biodiversity within the existing rangelands."
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Shinto and Japanese Society, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of Shinto and its role in current Japanese society.
2,904 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This research paper traces the history of Shinto from the pre-historic times, discusses its philosophy and rituals and the extent to which it has influenced Japanese society. It discusses outside influences on Shinto, its revival after Meiji Restoration and how it was used to promote nationalism and military expansion. It also reviews Shinto's current status in Japan.
Table of Contents:
Early History of Shinto
Philosophy of Shinto
Kami Rituals
Shinto Shrines
Shinto Festival Processions
Outside Influences on Shinto
Revival of Shinto and Japanese Nationalism
The Current Status of Shinto
Conclusion
From the Paper
"During these public processions, which are generally held on annual basis, a large object (supposedly containing the spirit of a local deity) is carried shoulder-high through the streets, in order to revitalize the community with its supernatural presence. The bearers of the deity are required to "purify" themselves by drinking large amounts of sake before taking part in the procession. The intoxicated state of the bearers together with the bulk of the object they carry, conveniently "ensures" that the object may crash into the home or a shop owned by a greedy merchant or an intolerable official. As the object's movement is supposed to be "guided" by a deity, no one can be held responsible for the damage caused."
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'Rickshaw', 2006.
This paper discusses the social metaphor of the rickshaw about futile social striving in Lao She's 'Rickshaw'.
1,922 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the central titular metaphor of the rickshaw, both coveted and pulled by the central protagonist Hsaing Tzu, forms the core metaphor of Lao She's novel of the same name. The writer describes how the rickshaw symbolizes Tzu's desire and perceived ability to attain social success, despite his humble birth in the country and his lack of parents. The writer states that upon reading the novel, at first glance, a reader might be tempted to assume that the central visual metaphor of the rickshaw, of one enslaved being to another, as a man or woman pulls another on wheels, is merely visually striking. However, the writer explains that this relationship takes on a powerful social significance, as Tzu's desire for his rickshaw and status as a rickshaw puller come to symbolize his fetishizing of money. The writer discusses his willingness to abase himself for social mobility and eventually, the rickshaw 'relationship' between puller and pulled comes to symbolize the nature of most relationships between people over the course of the novel.
From the Paper
"Unlike family relationships, idealized in Confucian texts, commercial employment of any kind is a rickshaw relationship. A marriage entered into not for honorable reasons, but for social advancement, is also enslaving to both parties, as Tzu's wife discovers. Thus Lao She's socially conscious characters relate to objects, rather than to people and ancestors, as they should according to Confucian philosophy. A rickshaw driver like Tzu is a willing vocational slave to a trade through Chinese city dust, rain, summer heat, and winter cold. Hsaing Tzu's fetishizing his ownership of a rickshaw is still evidence of his enslavement to money and work, even though he sees it as liberation.
Tzu's fetisihizing the rickshaw, like his wife's fetishizing of the institution of marriage with a man for social advancement rather than to have children and obey her husband like a good Confucian wife, however, is not a psychological statement, as it might be in a Western novel."
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The Qing Dynasty, 2006.
A discussion of the takeover and consolidation of China by the Qing Dynasty.
1,171 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the takeover of China by the Qing Dynasty and the many ways that this was accomplished. It focuses on the rule of Emperor Qianlong and what he achieved for the Qing Empire in terms of its territorial size, and therefore, its ability to protect itself from internal rebellion and foreign invasion.
From the Paper
"Emperor Qianlong's contributions to the expansion and consolidation of the Qing Empire were substantial, for he not only expanded his empire into Tibet and Xinjiang but also undermined the power of the Dzungar in Lhasa, a place where Chinese influence had been established by Qianlong's grandfather some fifty or so years earlier. One major step taken by Emperor Qianlong regarding Tibet was to install the Dalai Lama as the temporary ruler and declare a Chinese protectorate over the entire country. In 1793, as an indication of China's powerful role in the region, Emperor Qianlong decided that all future Dalai Lamas would be chosen by a lottery system which still exists today. "
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Westerners in China, 2006.
A discussion of the influence of Westerners in China from the 17th century.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the arrival of Westerners to the Far East from Europe in the 17th century. It focuses on the reasons for their arrival and the effect that Westerners had on Chinese religious and social traditions and customs. China's relationship to Great Britain at the time, is also discussed.
From the Paper
"For many years, the Jesuits held Western dominance in China, mostly because they were more tolerant and open to Chinese religious and social traditions and customs. But in the mid 17the century, the Vatican in Rome became aware of what was occurring in China under the influence of the Jesuits and soon intervened with a very strict doctrinal approach to teaching Christianity. The emperor of China, the Manchu K'ang Hsi, a rather enlightened ruler for 17th century China, went against the Vatican and declared that the Jesuits' teaching style was appropriate for his people as long as it accommodated Chinese tradition. However, by the first decades of the 18th century, the Chinese monarchy evicted all Christian missionaries except for those individuals who contributed scientifically to the country."
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Customer Satisfaction in Chinese Realty, 2006.
Research concerning customer satisfaction in Chinese realty.
12,100 words (approx. 48.4 pages), 43 sources, MLA, $ 233.95
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Abstract
In recent years, researchers have contributed different causes as responsible for the success of a country's economic system, and as a result, differing models for economic growth suggest multiple possible paths for success. The world is changing fast, and China is now an important part of the global economy. One of the aspects most notable in China's economy is the rapid growth of the real estate industry. To date, while there has been much research conducted in marketing and customer satisfaction in general, the research concerning customer satisfaction in Chinese realty is lacking. New research studies in this area must focus on whether or not it is suitable to implement customer satisfaction into the current real estate industry in China. This research focuses on two studies measuring customer satisfaction in the real estate industry, discuses the implications of the data results, and offers recommendations toward much-warranted improvements in this area, if China is to continue at its current intense growth pace.
Abstract
Executive Summary
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Literature Review
Background and Methodology of Proposed Research
Design
Proposed Data
Collection
Research Findings
Future Research
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In recent years, the value of Chinese realty has undergone many changes and periods of substantial growth unprecedented by previous growth patterns. As a result, one could theorize that real estate consumers' expectations and requirements have increased as a result of this heightened growth. To date, while there has been much research in marketing and customer satisfaction in general, the research concerning customer satisfaction in Chinese realty is lacking. Research such as this is crucial in determining whether or not it is suitable to implement customer satisfaction into the current Chinese realty business. Customer satisfaction is an essential factor in marketing practice, as satisfaction is a person's feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a product's perceived performance (or outcome) in relation to his or her expectations (Kotler, 2003). According to Drucker (1954), the principal purpose of a business is to create satisfied customers. Similarly, increasing customer satisfaction has been found to lead to higher future profitability (Anderson et.al., 1994). In order to maintain this substantial growth in Chinese real estate, customer satisfaction must be increased, or at the least, maintained. Research by Rust et.al (1997) supports this standard by relating lower costs to defective goods and services. Due to the increasing competition existing in the Chinese realty business, customer satisfaction has become one essential point from both the customers' goodwill perspective and an organization's profits."
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Integration of Hong Kong and China's Economies, 2006.
This paper examines the shift in Hong Kong's economy from one of manufacturing goods to one of providing services and explores the integration of this economy with the economy of mainland China.
2,499 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The economy of Hong Kong has, over the past few decades, made significant changes toward becoming a service-oriented one as opposed to being focused on manufacturing. This shift has resulted in greater integration with the mainland of China due to the large number of manufacturing jobs being exported to the mainland as a result of the cheaper labor available there as well as due to the Chinese demand for the services provided by Hong Kong. This paper explores Hong Kong's evolution from a primarily goods-based economy to one heavily tilted towards services, and the effects of these shifts as documented in other economies as well as the duplication of these changes in Hong Kong. It also explains the factors which encourage greater integration with mainland China as a result of this shift. This has resulted in a beneficial relationship for the two nations' economic situations.
From the Paper
"In 1997, control of the British colony of Hong Kong was officially transferred to the People's Republic of China, politically and otherwise officially integrating two entities which had, for years, been enmeshed with one another in many ways. In accordance with the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong, administrative and certain other controls shifted to mainland China, and many of the vestiges of colonial British rule were removed."
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Customer Satisfaction in the Chinese Realty Market, 2006.
A research proposal on the levels of customer satisfaction in the realty markets in China.
3,394 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 43 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough review of current literature on the topic of the realty market in China. The literature examines trends in today's market and focuses on the issue of customer satisfaction. Following the literature review, the paper presents a proposed methodology for further study of the topic.
From the Paper
"It would appear, from work done by Pelham that there is no reason to attempt to achieve customer satisfaction in any industry except to create significant company performance improvement. He constructs this by noting that results indicate that, "compared to strategy selection, firm size, or industry characteristics, market orientation has the strongest positive relationship with measures of performance. The most influential market orientation elements are fast response to negative customer satisfaction information, strategies based on creating value for customers, immediate response to competitive challenges, and fast detection of changes in customer product preferences" (2000, p. 48). He attempts, also, to removed the idea from that academic sphere that firms should "embrace the philosophy of the marketing concept, which holds that customer needs should drive the firm's decisions" (Pelham, 2000, p. 48) and move it into practice, particularly in small and medium-sized firms; arguably, these constitute a great many of the realty firms in China at this nascent period of Chinese commercial and private residential real estate. Indeed, Pelham's work echoes Levitt's (1960) that noted that firms that adopt this philosophy and convert it into action will see superior performance."
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Confucius, 2006.
A paper on Confucius, his history and his teachings.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper states that Confucius was one of the greatest and well known Eastern philosophers who lived in China. The paper explains that most of his teachings have influenced all of the East Asian countries. The paper traces Confucius's travels through China in which he shared ideas and thoughts. The paper describes how soon he gained disciples. The author states that Confucius tried to bring peace and unity to the Chinese, but was unable to do so, yet during the Han dynasty, the Confucian philosophy was adopted as doctrine.
From the Paper
"Mencius was one of the students of Confucius. He traveled most of his life to continue the teachings of Confucius' philosophies of life. To the rulers of the world he said that their power was given by God and should not be abused but instead let the people be his inspiration to govern and progress their country. One of the greatest influenced of Confucius to Mencius was the thought that men were born without a sin and by nature a good man, it was only the desire that drives then into a world of sin."
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The Confucius Philosophy, 2006.
A paper on Confucius, his history and his teachings.
3,974 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper on Confucius and his philosophy begins by explaining that it is difficult to know how much of what is attributed to Confucian thinking comes from the man himself, and how much comes from his disciples. The paper first explores the issue of the history of Confucius, explaining the situation in China at the time, and the lack of a cohesive biography of Confucius. Next, the paper explores the topic of the 'Analects,' a collection of sayings and short dialogues which are said to have been collected by his disciples. The paper explains how Christian missionaries used his texts to appeal to the Chinese, and how Confucius described his own relationship to the higher power.
From the Paper
"The development of the history of Confucius is itself interesting. The biography of Confucius which Sse-Ma Ch'ien wrote down among the histories of individual states, was an important point of distinction, for the uncrowned king of China and this will form the foundation of all biographies of Confucius at all stages of history. There was no chronologically arranged biography of Confucius before SseMa Ch'ien wrote it. At the same time, Sse-Ma Ch'ien had his own sources to write it. The historical works from the school established by the Master himself were first considered. Apart from this were the Commentaries of K'ung Yang and Ku Liang on the spring and Autumn Annals of Confucius. Sse-Ma Ch'ien also made extensive use of the History of Tso Ch'iu. This history is divided now into the so-called Tso Chuan. This was seen by the later scholars as a commentary on the spring and Autumn Annals, and the Kuo Yu, which are Speeches from the Various States. (Danton; Danton, 71)"
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Executive Order 9066, 2006.
Examines this U.S. law which brought about the internment of Japanese-Americans in detention camps during WWII.
2,933 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the events leading up to, surrounding and following the issuance of Executive Order 9066 in U.S. history. The fear of Japanese in the United States prior to and during World War II is explained, followed by the rationale for discrimination against these individuals by the government. Conditions in the internment camps into which Japanese Americans were forced is examined, relying heavily on first-person accounts from survivors of the internment camps.
From the Paper
"If the removals were inhospitable, the trip to the camps was even more discomfiting. The camps themselves were desolate, through remote portions of the western United States-Arizona, California, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho; what one scholar has called "some of the most uninhabitable parts of the interior of our continent" (Thornton 2002, p. 100). These sparsely populated areas became military installments whose sole purpose was to house Japanese Americans for no reason other than a threat perceived by their entire race; "by midsummer 1942, everyone was behind barbed wire" (Spickard 108). In all, well over 100,000 Japanese Americans-as many as three fourths of whom were United States citizens-were forced to leave their homes for incarceration in these camps for no other reason than their ethnicity (Persico 2001, p. 168, Thornton 2002, p. 100)."
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The Case of Karen Leary, 2005.
This paper is an analysis of the case of Karen Leary, which illustrates the problem of cultural conflict in business organizations.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the case of Karen Leary, manager for a Merrill Lynch investment company office and Ted Chung, one of her financial consultants, raises issues of management style, the ability to recognize the value of subordinate, and the need to accommodate cultural differences. The author stresses that, given that one of the reasons for hiring Mr. Chung in the first place was to nurture business in Taiwan, the issue of cultural differences becomes especially important and must be addressed early to prevent creating hard feelings and a bad reputation in the target market. The paper analyzes the case in terms of specific elements in the behavior of both Karen Leary and Ted Chung and in light of a consideration of management principles and observed cultural differences between American business and business in Taiwan.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Summary
Karen Leary (A)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Karen Leary has to determine what to do about his request. Her own background is important to the degree that it informs this case and suggests why she reacts as show does and what decision she is likely to make. Her superiors see her as sales-oriented and as having developed an innovative sales and training program. As manager, she also oversees brokers' trades and has been praised for the way she achieves that task. Her superiors are happy that she has increased business by 30 percent, but some of her underlings are less pleased because she is a hard task master and keeps after them more than they believe she should or needs to do."
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"Weltanschauung", 2005.
This paper discusses the philosophical and political concept of "weltanschauung" and applies it specifically to the Republic of Korea.
1,475 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper interprets "weltanschauung" to be an intellectual construction, which brings a unified solution of all the problems of existence by virtue of a comprehensive hypothesis, a construction where in no question is left open therefore one feels secure in life. The author explains that the political philosophy of "juche", which has become the official autarkic state ideology of the Republic of Korea, is "weltanschauung", a world view that indicates or brings about the penultimate value of the goals of mankind. The paper relates that, as per the "juche" ideology, man has the final regulation or control over the world and his own destiny, particularly because it is only he who possess the chajusong, which upholds creativity or consciousness.
From the Paper
"Etymologically, the German word Weltanschauung is elementary to the German philosophy and epistemology implying a wide world perception. It normally indicates the structure which facilitates individual interpretation of the world and interaction. The adoption of concept of Weltanschauung in cognitive philosophy and generative science indicates the wide worldview or wide world perception of a people that they come across over several millennia. Its application in sphere of the language of the people implies the Weltanschauung of that people in the form of its syntactic structures and untranslatable connotations and their denotations."
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