| Papers [496-510] of 585 :: [Page 34 of 39] | | Go to page : <— 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 —> | |
|
|
Architecture Of Beijing, 2000.
A hiistory of the buildings of the Forbidden City, their significance, grand design, structure, temples and palaces.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The architecture of the forbidden City in Beijing reflects the worldview of the Chinese, a philosophy that is expressed in the way the buildings are arranged and designed, a philosophy that also reflects the function for which the buildings are intended. This style of architecture has been emulated both in China and in structures outside of China that have been built in Chinese communities.
Beijing, once called Peking in the West, served as the capital of China for six dynasties over six centuries, and the capital has been modified and maintained continuously over that time. The city is made up of the northern Inner City and the southern Outer City, and the city as a whole is made up of numerous smaller walled-in courtyards. Against this background a core of structures stands out more meaningfully in the orderly..."
| |
|
"A History of Architecture" by Spiro Kostof, 2000.
A review of the work on architecture as a reflection and shaper of society through history with a focus on religion in Ancient Greece and Muslim culture.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
"Apart from possessing a functional and ornamental value, architecture also tells the story about the character and the culture of the society, thus reflecting the spirit of the people and the age. Even though historians tend to consider only public monuments and majestic buildings as "architecture," the architecture that is most representative of the society consists of ordinary and drab buildings (Kostof 15). Although they cannot be considered esthetically pleasing to the eye, their value rests in their reflection of the reality of the ordinary people. As Spiro Kostof points out in his book, A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals, the images of the history of the South are incomplete without including the "slave cabins, out houses, herb gardens, and water vats" (15
From the Paper
"Apart from possessing a functional and ornamental value, architecture also tells the story about the character and the culture of the society, thus reflecting the spirit of the people and the age. Even though historians tend to consider only public monuments and majestic buildings as "architecture," the architecture that is most representative of the society consists of ordinary and drab buildings (Kostof 15). Although they cannot be considered esthetically pleasing to the eye, their value rests in their reflection of the reality of the ordinary people. As Spiro Kostof points out in his book, A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals, the images of the history of the South are incomplete without including the "slave cabins, out houses, herb gardens, and water vats" (15). Although these structures can hardly be considered beautiful, they constitute..."
| |
|
Notre Dame De Paris, 2000.
The history and features of the cathedral including its Gothic style, structure, windows, portals, sculptures and Christian subjects.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 79.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In his famous novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Victor Hugo wrote of the Notre Dame Cathedral,
Each face, each stone of this venerable monument is not only a page of the history of the country, but also of the history of knowledge and art . . . Time is the architect, the people are the builder (Hugo 162, 164).
Davis agrees and writes,
From the Paper
"Introduction
In his famous novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Victor Hugo wrote of the Notre Dame Cathedral,
Each face, each stone of this venerable monument is not only a page of the history of the country, but also of the history of knowledge and art . . . Time is the architect, the people are the builder (Hugo 162, 164).
Davis agrees and writes,
From this perspective, the bold monumentality of the twelfth century project reflects the reassertion of royal power under Louis VI and Louis VII; the forceful reign of Philip Augustus finds its architectural expression in the triumphant stability of the west facade; the spiritual charisma of Louis IX resonates..."
| |
|
L.A. Central Library, 1999.
A history and architectural analysis, site evaluation, preservation, downtown renewal projects, regulations, focusing on itsrebuilding after the 1986 fires.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 135.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The Los Angeles Central Library consists of a nearly-destroyed building that was elaborately rehabilitated and its expansive addition. The choice to rehabilitate was made on the grounds that it was an historic building worthy of preservation. The building was held to have symbolic importance, to make a vital aesthetic contribution, and to provide badly needed public space to the heavily developed downtown area. The facility was expanded with an eight-story wing that houses the great majority of the library's public functions. The attempt to replicate most practical and decorative features of the public spaces in the old building has produced a very large landmark that also serves a valuable public function.
The Los Angeles Public Library system's Central Library building is located in downtown Los Angeles on a large two-block ..."
| |
|
London Bridge, 1999.
A historical, cultural and architectural analysis of the bridge and its evolution, fate and succeeding structures.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 55.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
"When people in the United States today hear the term "London Bridge," they are most likely to think of one of the most peculiar sights anywhere within the United States that of the London Bridge in Lake Havasu City, Arizona.
From the Paper
"When people in the United States today hear the term "London Bridge," they are most likely to think of one of the most peculiar sights anywhere within the United States that of the London Bridge in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. Surrounded by faked-up Tudor buildings and busloads of tourists, the large bridge is dwarfed by the majesty of the desert Southwest. The entire enterprise stands as a monument to a deep human appreciation for irony, for what else could explain the immense cost and energy that went into transporting such an immense structure such a long way for so very little purpose.
But this peculiar structure in the desert is in fact not the real London Bridge at all (if any bridge can in fact lay claim to that title, which seems unlikely), but the New London Bridge, designed in 1831 by the Scottish engineer John Rennie ..."
| |
|
Skyscrapers, 1999.
Examines history and evolution, major architects, building materials, regulations, styles and New York City buildings.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 135.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The term "skyscraper" first came into use in the 1880s as the first such buildings were constructed. Several forces and developments came into being at the same time to allow for the creation of such buildings. The term was first applied to buildings of 10 to 20 storeys, but heights have so increased that now it applies to buildings generally greater than 40 or 50 storeys. The skyscrapers of the 1880s and 1890s fit reasonably into the existing urban context, and their novelty was to be found in their technology rather than their size or style.
From the Paper
"THE SKYSCRAPER
The term "skyscraper" first came into use in the 1880s as the first such buildings were constructed. Several forces and developments came into being at the same time to allow for the creation of such buildings. The term was first applied to buildings of 10 to 20 storeys, but heights have so increased that now it applies to buildings generally greater than 40 or 50 storeys. The skyscrapers of the 1880s and 1890s fit reasonably into the existing urban context, and their novelty was to be found in their technology rather than their size or style. They were taller than what had existed before, but not so tall as to dominate the skyline. Previously, churches had been the tallest buildings in the city (Goldberger 4).
More business space was needed in the United States in the second half of the 19th ..."
| |
|
Anasazi Culture Of American Southwest, 1999.
Examines this ancient people's architecture, roads, trade, culture and demise.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The Eleventh Century was the end of one millennium and the beginning of a new one. In many ways, it was a period in which humanity emerged from the Dark Ages that had prevailed throughout Europe through much of the first millennium A.D. even as the Roman Empire changed to the Byzantine empire and others.
From the Paper
"The Eleventh Century was the end of one millennium and the beginning of a new one. In many ways, it was a period in which humanity emerged from the Dark Ages that had prevailed throughout Europe through much of the first millennium A.D. even as the Roman Empire changed to the Byzantine empire and others. We call this the Dark Ages today because its history is somewhat obscure and because much of classical learning was temporarily lost. In the Eleventh Century, certain changes came about showing a new relationship between government and governed after the Battle of Hastings and the creation of the Magna Carta in England. In other parts of the world, other civilizations were either winding down are beginning to flower, depending on history and circumstances. It is these other parts of the world where much of my own interest lies, given that we are only beginning to under ..."
| |
|
Art In Ancient Egypt, 1999.
Examines subjects, cultural and historical contexts, artistic and religious significance of reliefs, rock art and temples, in the years 3500-1300 B.C.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Examines subjects, cultural and historical contexts, artistic and religious significance of reliefs, rock art and temples, in the years 3500-1300 B.C
From the Paper
"Artistic expression in any given age always develops from works, styles, and themes produced in earlier eras. The further back into history we go, the more difficult it may be to ascertain the source of a given culture and the art it produces. The wonders of Egypt have long fascinated archaeologists, historians, and art experts. This art did not develop out of whole cloth but instead had antecedents which can be discerned elsewhere on the continent of Africa, specifically the rock art of Africa which can be seen as a precursor of the Egyptian civilization that would develop to the north.
The earliest settlers in the Nile Valley reached the area some time around 4000 B.C., emerging from the neolithic culture of the Tasian villages of Upper Egypt and those of Merimdeh on the western edge of the Delta and on the shore of the lake in the ..."
| |
|
Roman and Christian Architecture, 1999.
Compares styles, themes, inspirations and cultural contexts, focusing on the Roman Parthenon and the Hagia Sophia of Christian/Byzantine influence.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, $ 63.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
"Greek architecture has long been identified with the creation of the three classic architectural orders, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, though actually the Corinthian is a variation of the Ionic.
From the Paper
"Greek architecture has long been identified with the creation of the three classic architectural orders, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, though actually the Corinthian is a variation of the Ionic. Greek temples were not directly linked to the orders but show basic features that are much alike. order and cleanness of lines marks Greek temples and other monumental Greek architecture. Roman architecture reflects a way of public and private life, borrowing elements from the Greeks and the Etruscans. The Pantheon is a large, round temple in Rome which shows the ability of the Romans to create vast interior spaces, perhaps for the first time in the history of architecture. Many Roman works are a mixture of styles, such as the Hagia Sophia, a monumental piece of architecture that links us with the era of Justinian's reign in Constantinople and is an interesting example of a ..."
| |
|
Ise Shrines, 1999.
Discusses the history, religious and cultural significance, architecture and the rebuilding ritual of this center of Shinto worship in Japan.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, $ 87.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"Every 20 years, for 1200 years, the fences and main buildings of the Ise Shrine have been completely rebuilt. The shrine, which is the center of Shinto worship in Japan, is of major importance in Japanese history. It represents the continuity and renewal of Shinto, of the authority of the imperial house, and of the traditions underlying Japanese architecture. In a tradition where wood, rather than stone, was always the principal building material, such a form of renewal is the only way that the shrine compound could have survived into the twentieth century. But the renewal means many things and the Ise shrine can only be understood when it is seen as the center of a complex interaction among power, religion, and aesthetics. It can only be fully appreciated, however, as an instance of a perfect blend of materials, forms, and site created as a tribute ..."
| |
|
Treasury Building Of Washington, D.C., 1999.
Analyzes setting, scale, structure, architectural technique and function of Robert Mills' 1836-1842 edifice.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"Robert Mills' (1781-1859) Treasury Building, in Washington, D. C., is a prime example of the neoclassical architecture that the politicians, planners, and architects of the nineteenth century felt was appropriate for the American capitol. The building is located on the west side of Fifteenth Street, between Pennsylvania and New York Avenues. It was constructed in the years 1836-42. An analysis of its setting, scale, technique, and function demonstrates how the rationality and grandeur of this style were used by Mills to give suitable form to official Washington.
President Andrew Jackson appointed Mills Surveyor of Public Buildings in 1836. Mills was also responsible for the Patent Office (1836-40, now the National Portrait Gallery), the Old Post Office (1839-42, now the International Trade Commission), and the ..."
| |
|
Colonial Essex County, Massachusetts, 1999.
Examines architectural development, land use and town planning, focusing on Fuller family houses in Middleton.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The rapid, steady development of Essex County, Massachusetts led to the creation of an architectural landscape that, by the end of the colonial period, differed considerably from those of other rural regions of New England. The Fuller houses of Middleton demonstrate the type of house that predominated in Middleton and similar Essex communities. The history of the family displays a common pattern for the region as the economically advanced Fullers moved into an outlying area and, building on their advantage, became leading citizens of the township that grew up around them.
Recent scholarship has challenged some of the prevailing notions about the village settlement and architectural makeup of New England towns. Joseph Wood's studies of settlement patterns have demonstrated that the notion that the villages of New..."
| |
|
Romanesque and Gothic Architecture, 1999.
Examines medieval styles as expressed in churches, such as the theological aspects, materials, structures, impact on pilgrims, light, form and technology.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"Romanesque and Gothic, the great architectural styles of the Middle Ages, evolved in the context of church architecture. Out of the desire to create grander and more beautiful structures that spoke of the glory of God, the resources and skills of the age were heavily devoted to the design and building of these churches. The Romanesque style drew on many sources and reflected enormous advances in building technique. Stone vaulted ceilings, narrower piers, increased width of the naves, and new arrangements of interior space characterized the Romanesque effort. When these technological strands had come together the Gothic manner improved on them. Earlier advances in vaulting were used by the Gothic architects to create thinner piers and lighter walls that could be fitted with numerous windows, thereby producing a wholly new type of interior. Each style had its own..."
| |
|
The New York Yacht Club, 1999.
Analyzes lighting, windows, space, volume and the Baroque revival style of this building built in 1899-1900.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The New York Yacht Club is located in Manhattan at 37 West 44th Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It was built by architects Whitney Warren and Charles Wetmore in 1899-1900. Both the interior and the exterior of the building, as seen in photographs, feature many aspects of the Baroque revival style.
The Yacht Club does not have the bilaterally symmetrical arrangement of the fa?ade that characterizes many Baroque buildings. Instead, the limestone and marble fa?ade features three identical bays located to the left of the entrance, which occupies a bay of its own. The entrance bay is distinguished in several ways from the other three. The entry is at street-level, and the doorway is cut out of the limestone in fairly simple fashion. In this it echoes the windows, one for each bay, that make up the rest of the basement story. The windows at this..."
| |
|
Mshatta & Ukhaidir Palaces, 1999.
Architectural, historical, cultural & religious significance of two Islamic palaces in Jordan & Iraq.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, $ 87.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"Palaces are the least common type of architectural survival among the major categories of Islamic architecture. Palaces were not often built to last, and the few exceptional buildings that have survived are either very recent or were abandoned long ago and have been excavated. Yet the desert palaces of Mshatta, in Jordan, and Ukhaidir, in Iraq, have not only survived, but also provide valuable information about the history of early Islamic architecture. The two structures, which were built under different dynasties, were probably constructed within a short time of each other and have a number of important similarities. But the Mshatta palace shows the end of one early era in Islamic architecture and the Ukhaidir palace shows the emergence of the next phase. Taken together they demonstrate the cultural shift from early western architectural influence to the primarily.."
|
|
|
