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The Modern Steel-Girder Skyscraper, 2008.
Describes the steel-girder-based skyscraper, which the author believes to be America's most impressive engineering technical development.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper specifies that the author thinks the most remarkable American technological engineering achievement is the steel-girder-based skyscraper first erected in the 1880s by William le Baron Jenney. The author feels this way because the building shows the capacity of Americans to ingeniously find new ways of making products serve practical purposes. The paper describes Jenney's 1883 Home Insurance Building, constructed in Chicago, which is the very first building to employ steel skeleton construction and to resemble, in a rudimentary sense, the quintessential modern skyscraper. The paper relates that this building is a prototypical example of nineteenth-century American capitalism and industry at work.
From the Paper
"Unsurprisingly, the earliest tall structures were comprised of masonry characterized by "the thick walls of the lower stories usurping a disproportionate amount of floor space." Obviously, it became imperative to design structures that would permit thinner walls to exist throughout the entire height of the building. Initially, architects used cast iron along with masonry; later, they used cage construction whereby an iron frame supported the floors of the structure and the masonry walls had only to bear their own weight."
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Research Proposal: Architecture ISO 9001 Process, 2008.
A research proposal to investigate and recommend improvements to the planning and design process of Kasian Architecture & Interior Design Ltd. (Kasian), to be based on ISO 9001 quality principles.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal for Kasian Architecture & Interior Design Ltd. (Kasian) that recommends that the company proceed with developing a comprehensive project delivery process for design and development based on ISO 9001 procedures for all of the company's future RONA projects. The paper points out that, currently, the Kasian RONA team is managing several large projects and the design process of each of these projects is significantly different resulting in design and management confusion. The paper also points out that Kasian does not have an Architectural Planning Procedure Manual (APPM) to offer to prospective new clients. The paper then presents the project details for the proposed new APPM, which will focus on risk management to provide clients with access to improved processes and end products.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Limitations/Delimitations
Literature Review
Organizational Measures
Quality, Productivity & ISO 9001
Real Costs of Quality
Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality & Limitations
Project Timeline
From the Paper
"Benefits of adopting the new APPM will be a more developed focus on risk management in order to provide clients with improved process management procedures and higher quality end products. Adopting this proposed design procedure for all projects will allow staff it is proposed, to more easily move from project to project. That is, design and engineering staff will be able to start a new project without complication unlike past design project where complications arose from the outset because of a lack of quality procedures such as those found in the ISO 9001 framework."
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An Architect, 2008.
This paper looks into the field of architecture and discusses the profession of an architect.
1,863 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Webster's Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English language defines architecture as the profession, the art and science, of designing buildings, open areas, communities and other artificial constructions and environments. An architect is a person who engages in this profession. The writer points out that there are those who believe that being an architect is an easy job. This paper argues that architecture is not an easy profession even though many people feel it is. In support of this thesis this paper provides an examination of what is needed to become an architect, what being an architect entails, and what kind of skills are required. As an example, Norman Foster, a famous architect, is used.
From the Paper
"Architecture is very distinct in the sense that it is an art as well as a science. An architect has to think about the aesthetics, how a building will look on it own as well as within the context of its environment and its function. Architecture is a science too. A building has to be able to stand and comply with the laws of physics and mechanics. New materials, new methods of construction as well as new needs are constantly changing and an architect must be familiar with them. Furthermore, we can say that architecture in a way serves two principal needs. It has a utilitarian function as well as an expressive one. Its utilitarian function is obvious. Architecture provides for one of the three basic human needs, without which we would not be able to survive: food, clothes and shelter. The expressive function can be seen through the many old buildings still standing today."
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Chartres Cathedral in France, 2008.
Looks at the famous stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral in France.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the famous stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral in France. The paper describes the cathedral's gothic style, the set of windows in the west facade, the rose windows that can be found in different parts of the cathedral, and the Blue Virgin Window in the ambulatory area. The paper also describes the guilded windows in the cathedral, noting that, more than with most cathedrals, Chartres Cathedral's windows area often marked to show the donor, and this is true of the so-called guild windows, or windows donated by the trade guilds.
From the Paper
"The South Rose is seen with five lancet windows and dates from the 1230s. The Rose Window itself shows the Glorification of Christ, with Christ blessing surrounded by Four Evangelists and angels, then the elders of the Apocalypse, then the arms of donors to the cathedral. The left lancet shows Evangelist Luke over Prophet Jeremiah. The second lancet shows Evangelist Matthew over Prophet Isaiah. The central lancet shows the Virgin and Child."
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Architect Michael Graves, 2008.
Looks at postmodernist architect Michael Graves, one of the leading twentieth century architects and designers.
1,745 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the Michael Graves' drawings and buildings are notable for their manipulation of archetypal form into highly abstract, figurative compositions. The paper then points out that Graves gave up the neutral glass curtain wall of late modernism and instead uses a colorful cloak of cladding by which he reintroduces the hierarchical composition of classical buildings more characteristic of postmodernism. The paper also reports that Michael Grave's Public Service Building in Portland, Oregon has at least four distinct historical styles embedded in its design: egyptian, italian, art deco and modern.
From the Paper
"Levin agrees as well that postmodernism has derived from the ability of artists to produce works in a mass quantity, so to speak, because of new processes and products involving mass production: "By the time men were traveling to the moon, art was being assembled in factories from blueprints." While the postmodernist may see the modernist era as more scientifically oriented, it is clear that postmodernism is also influenced by scientific developments and possibilities. Levin says that modernism was highly optimistic, while postmodernism is more cynical."
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An Observation & History of Neoclassical Architecture, 2008.
An examination of architectural forms and designs n the Mediterranean Region.
899 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper describes a tour on culture and antiquities of the Mediterranean area with the purpose of disseminating a Neoclassical interpretation. It is noted that specific reference is given to the Italian architects. The paper further discusses the effect the tour had on the architect's perception of Roman, Etruscan, and Greek architects.
From the Paper
"The architecture Jones saw in Italy would have been influenced by the theories of Sansovino, who died in 1570, and Palladio, who died in 1580. These two architects had provided Venice with a completely new range of visual ideas. Palladio's activities in that city were concentrated in the field of religious architecture. Sansovino worked largely for secular patrons. The two architects therefore complemented one another to a great degree. Sansovino in particular had the ability to assess the particular tastes and needs of his Venetian patrons, while Palladio was more daring and so inspired Venice by his capacity to create striking, memorable, and satisfying visual effects. Both architects "were sensitive to the theatrical character of the city, integrating their buildings into the urban fabric of Venice like pieces of scenery on a stage. Both based their designs on local building types and used the materials best adapted to the physical setting. Gradually their ideas filtered down through the whole spectrum of the city's architecture, to inspire humbler patrons and lesser builders" (Howard 174). However, most of their imitators lacked their understanding of design, and so others merely applied selected motifs to standard local models. On the other hand, some of their more talented successors were more independent and so started to steer Venetian architecture in the direction of the more spacious, rhythmic, flamboyant style known by the convenient, if imprecise, label of Baroque. "
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Diocletian's Palace and the City of Split, 2008.
An overview of the history and architecture of Emperor Diocletian's palace and the City of Split.
3,310 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the Emperor Diocletian rose through the orders by virtue of military skill, brilliance, and flexible scruples and how in preparation for his retirement, Diocletian had built a huge structure on the Dalmatian coast, a few miles from Salona. It also looks at how what began as a villa eventually became a a permanent settlement as the city of Split developed.
From the Paper
"While there will probably never be definitive evidence of when the inhabitation which became Split took place, it is unlikely that the palace was ever entirely derelict. It was simply to fine a resource to pass up, and while it may have been many decades before there was any substantial permanent settlement here, it seems highly doubtful that the palace was ever truly deserted. (Wilkes, 88) While the precise nature of the inhabitation at Split during the early years remains questionable, the city always seems to have been regarded as autonomous, and by the time Constantine Porphyrogenitus chronicled it, it was essentially independent and remained so until the Venetians gained control in the fifteenth century. (Plommer, 256) "
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Colonial Influences on American Architecture, 2008.
This paper examines how the architecture of Sweden, the Netherlands and France had a lasting influence on America's architectural culture.
2,144 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Dutch, French and Swedish elements had a significant influence on the architecture that developed in America, although these countries had very limited political influence. The paper looks at the Swedish churches, the Dutch colonial architecture, and the French architectural heritage.
From the Paper
"The settlements of France, Holland, and Sweden on the North American continent were comparatively modest, and their control in the hands of those nations ended quite early as compared with the lasting influence of the English colonists. Notwithstanding this, Dutch, French, and even Sweden elements had a significant influence on the architecture that developed in America, long after the political states of New France, New Netherlands, and New Sweden had ceased to exist."
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Islamic Architecture, 2008.
An analysis of the ways in which Islamic architecture has influenced the architectural styles of other religions.
2,936 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the origins of the distinctly Islamic architectural style. The paper begins by discussing Islamic history and then goes on to discuss how Islamic architecture has set a standard for religious architecture that has influenced other religious groups and contributed to various architectural styles evident to this day. Additionally, the paper also discusses how Islamic architecture has more recently been influenced by the West, not for religious architecture, but for office buildings and residential units.
From the Paper
"In the Islamic tradition, the idea of the dome was developed with religious connotations. The first centralized Ottoman mosque was created at Diyarbakir in 1521 with four semi-domes and not mere vaults. The four corner areas are surmounted by four small cupolas, while the central dome is supported on four piers. This is the logical conclusion to the mosques of earlier times. The squareness of the mosque at human level represents earthliness, and the domes represent the heavens, much as the square and the circle do in Chinese architecture. The two-centered arch forms a spiritual limbo in the design. The interior is spacious and well-lit, another reference to the heavens (Goodwin 178)."
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Nathan Phillips Square Research Proposal, 2008.
A research proposal regarding the re-design and renovation of Nathan Phillips Square of Toronto's City Hall.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper represents a proposal for research concerning issues to be addressed in the current re-design process for Nathan Phillips Square, the setting for Toronto's City Hall and an iconic work of modern urban architecture. The paper points out that this redesign process is in response to a consensus that has been reached by city politicians and leading civic officials that the existing design of the square was not only flawed in its multiple revisions over time since the original construction, but also no longer reflects the urban vision of 21st century Toronto. The paper concludes that qualitative research methods used to gain insights into the views of neighbours of the space towards the redesign project would be invaluable in determining who would be likely users of the space, how should it operate within the Toronto community, and the most important design elements of the project.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methods
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is clear that in carrying out this research into the redesign of Nathan Phillips Square it would be necessary to consult with a diverse range of stakeholders. One major insight from the literature review is that often one research method is inadequate to fully explore all of the issues involved in a project as complex and politically and socially sensitive as the redesign of Toronto's icon Nathan Phillips Square. Three methods would be particularly effective given the nature of the project: ethnographic/participant analysis, qualitative interviewing, and focus groups."
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Landscape: Emery Barnes Park, Vancouver, 2008.
This paper discusses the Emery Barnes Park, an area of greenery, water fountains and man-made structures, located in the Yorktown area of Vancouver.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Emery Barnes Park is one of three parks in the downtown south region of Vancouver, which are intended to bring 4.5 acres of park space to the residents of the area. The author points out that the cultivation of the landscape matches the up-market culture of the region. The paper describes the elegant lines, modern architectural touches and elegant old-world stone structures, which characterize this landscape. The author relates that, despite some old world touches, the atmosphere of the park creates a feeling of modernism with its forward-looking view of the world, which focuses on reason, scientific rationality, creativity, progress and novelty. The paper states that the park is named for Emery Barnes, a longtime community activist who was chosen to represent the park because of his commitment to human rights and helping the disadvantaged, a big part of Canada's liberal cultural policy. The paper includes color photos.
From the Paper
"Perhaps many years ago the region may have been somewhat derelict, or at the very least ordinary: the urbanization of the downtown region has replaced some fairly seedy regions, which still exist on the east side of the downtown area. The park's structure is notable because it is very open. Residents in the area typically live in condos or apartments, and therefore have no back yard or natural space to enjoy. Emery Barnes Park therefore operates as a place of relaxation and enjoyment of both natural and man-made beauty. The green grass gives the urban residents the chance to walk on green lawn, bare foot if they wish to."
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Sidney Smith Hall Examined as Modern Architecture, 2008.
An examination of Sidney Smith Hall in Toronto as modern architecture in relation to two other buildings, Villa Savoye in Poissy and the German Pavilion in Barcelona.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper approaches three examples of modern architecture that seem dissimilar at first, Sidney Smith Hall at the University of Toronto, the Villa Savoye near Paris, and what is known as the Barcelona Pavilion. The paper holds that despite their different purposes, they are similar structures according to principles of the modern movement. To conclude, it states that Sidney Smith Hall is significant in a Toronto environment much given to the preservation of architectural heritage, but that has often failed to appreciate its examples of the modern style.
Outline:
Introduction
Sidney Smith Hall, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street
Villa Savoye, Poissy, nr. Paris 1920-1930 (Le Corbusier)
German Pavilion, Barcelona Exposition, (Mies van der Rohe)
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"As an example of the International Style much pursued by the modern movement, one realizes that the same structure with minimal adjustment could be placed anywhere. (See Khan 1998) Erected in any country in the world, Sidney Smith Hall would offer the same economy of line combined with a feeling of spaciousness and accessibility, its terrace areas suited to the climate of a central Canadian city as much as entirely different settings. This theme of universality was a favourite of both Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier as discussed below. (Padovan 45-48) As a contribution to the international style, Sidney Smith Hall may have shown its ongoing adaptability in the 2003 enclosure of one terrace that was opposed by some but does not seem to have altered greatly the sense of access the architect intended."
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Carlo Maderno, 2008.
An analysis of the significant innovations to the Baroque architectural style contributed by Carlo Maderno.
1,349 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the life and work of Carlo Maderno and his significant contributions to the innovation of the Baroque style. The paper notes that, before Maderno, many facades portrayed a Mannerist style that was often dense and without adequate spatial ornamentation. The paper further relates that Maderno's work influenced a whole generation of architects that sought greater details and more space for design to flourish in what was to become known as Baroque stylization. In essence, the paper analyzes the life and work of Carlo Maderno in relation to his architectural contributions to what has become known as the Baroque style in architectural history.
From the Paper
"Carlo Maderno (1556-1629) was an Italian-Swiss architect that had moved to Rome in 1588 to begin his career as an architect for the Vatican. The fist project of significance that he was contracted for is Santa Susanna. This project would be the foundation for his style, which would help to garner a greater audience with the Pope and his eventually work on the facade for St. Peter's Basilica. The first significant contribution that Maderno made in this structure is the use of more columns and pilasters that were placed in more numerous groupings in the center of center of the entranceway (Tosini 34). "
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Frank Lloyd Wright, 2008.
This paper discusses the architectural and societal constituents
of Frank Lloyd Wright's "prairie style" houses.
2,284 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Frank Lloyd Wright is recognized as one of the most prominent and influential architects in American design. The paper focuses on his characteristic "prairie style" designs. The paper explains that, while Wright's work tends to be praised as unique, this assumption tends to discard the influences on Wright from antecedents found within other aspects of American design and architecture. The paper looks at how Wright in turn helped establish a legacy in design.
From the Paper
"Wright had established himself as a prominent architect in the late 1890s, and frequently accepted commissions for buildings that were purposefully selected to test his skills and to promote specific outcomes. While still in his infancy as a designer, the prairie style home was built at the request of the Ladies' Home Journal, a popular magazine that had sought out Wright and commissioned a home design. The Journal asked Wright to envision and execute the home of the future, one in which the resident would feel comfortable yet stylish. Prior to this, the Journal believed that the majority of American homes could either have one or the other; a dwelling that was clean and comfortable was quite frequently an eyesore, while the ostentatious homes of the wealthy were not conducive to the comfort of its inhabitants."
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Islamic Architecture, 2008.
A brief history of Islamic architecture.
1,518 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Islamic architecture is comprised of four main types of structures historically that have been dominant throughout its history. It looks at how these four types of structures include the mosque, fort, palace and tomb, all of which have undergone changes in architectural style, but that remained uniquely Islamic because of the symbolic importance that the Islamic people placed on elements of these structures. Noted architecture includes the Ka'ba, Taj Mahal and the Alhambra.
From the Paper
"The Ka'ba is considered to be the first true Islamic structure and it is identified as such in the Qu'ran ("Ka'ba"). The Ka'ba was erected in Mecca after Muhammed successfully gained control of the city. It was built expressly for prayer and is believed to be one place on earth in which every soul that enters it knows safety through God's presence. Muhammed dedicated the structure to Islam; however, it contained evidence of the most critical figures of the history of the time ("Ka'ba"). These figures were Jesus, Mary and Abraham. It was not until centuries later that the use of earthly forms would be forbideen in Islamic structures because of the belief that these structures were rerpresentative of God, not man. "
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