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The Basque Culture of Bilbao, 2009.
A discussion of the Basque culture of Bilbao and the regeneration of the villa of Bilbao.
3,527 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the huge industrial port of Bilbao and its history from its founding in 1300. The paper examines industrialization in the area, social reforms and its culture. The paper focuses on the Basque influences in the area. It then examines the regeneration of the villa of Bilbao in contemporary times and how the regeneration was influenced by the Basque culture.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Basque Industrialization
From Medieval To Commercial Villa
Bilbao's Foundational Charter
Construction Of San Anton Bridge
Harbor: Key Part Of Infrastructure
Integration Opened New Trade Opportunities In Bilbao
The Demise Of Bilbao's Environment And Beauty
Religion And The Basque Culture
Consumption Patterns And Expenditures Of The Basque
Social Reform In Bilbao
Heavy Industrialization Causes Problems In Bilbao
An Economic Recovery 'Of Sorts'
Modern Bilbao
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper
"Bilbao and its Basque culture has stood through times that were good and pure and through times that are difficult and dirty and even still the Basque culture of Bilbao continues to distinguish itself through the regeneration of Bilbao following what was a steep ascent into the industrial society that so tarnished the face of the Villa. Basque culture it appears will not simply fade away into the nothingness that so many other culture has disappeared into to be forgotten but instead has all intent, and it appears all strength and willpower as well as ingenuity and creativity to once again stand above that which is merely mundane or dingy."
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The Monadnock Building, 2009.
A description and analysis of the architecture of the Monadnock building, Chicago.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the aspirations behind the development of the Monadnock building and the design of the architects Burnham and Root and later, Holabird and Roche. The paper also looks at later design assessments of the north and south parts of the Monadnock building. The paper relates that, today, most architectural historians believe that it is the north half that has no equal in high office buildings.
Outline:
Period
Precedent
Later Citations
Lasting Influences
From the Paper
"The aspirations that brought the building into being were artistic as well as commercial--to create an architectural spectacle and also draw tenants and make revenue for the Boston-based developers brothers Peter and Shepard Brooks. The Monadnock's period and design locate it at the tail end of 19th century architectural grandeur, because of its impressive size and its elaborately crafted south half. But its older northern half, with its subtly curving lines and faint traces of Egyptian architecture act as a harbinger of the later modernist period and the Frank Lloyd Wright Chicago School. The lack of breaks and projections and utter continuity of line makes this part of the building look much younger than its construction date (Roth 176)."
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Cambodia, 2009.
An overview of the history of Cambodia, including the Pol Pot Regime and Angkor Wat.
1,639 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Cambodia's ancient temples at Angkor and their remains today. The paper then focuses on the notorious Pol Pot Regime of the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s and their systematic murder of millions of Cambodians. In addition, the paper looks at the strengths of Cambodia's main industries of tourism and textiles.
From the Paper
"Cambodia may be most known for the horrendous Pol Pot Regime of the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s, a period when at least 1.7 million Cambodians were systematically executed by the Regime. However, Cambodia's history goes back centuries, to a land that supported bands of hunter-gatherers who eventually settled in areas and began farming the rich lands. The first major settlement known in the area is Angkor in about the ninth century. Many historians believe the society was closely modeled on Indian society (Tully 7-8). Residents traded goods with China, Europe, and India, and they wrote in Sanskrit and worshipped in the Hindu religion, but there were influences of Buddha, as well (Tully 12-13)."
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The Development of the Globe Theater, 2009.
A look at the Globe Theatre and the part it played in Shakespeare's plays.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of the Globe Theatre in Shakespeare's plays. The author describes the layout of the Globe Theatre and explained that, as all of Shakespeare's plays relied upon a highly interactive relationship between the audience and actors, he clearly wrote his plays with an eye upon such a performance space. The paper relates that Elizabethan plays, unlike those of today, were staged in a very minimalist style, with little in the way of scenery. Characters created the scenery with their words rather than the sets, which explains the ornate quality of the language. The paper provides a short history of the Globe Theatre and heralds it as a full-bodied, cut-throat performance space.
From the Paper
"Shakespeare clearly wrote his plays with an eye upon such a performance space. All of his plays rely upon a highly interactive relationship between the audience and actors, as is exemplified in the use of soliloquies, for example, where the actor is often in dialogue with the audience as he shares his thoughts aloud. The beginning of many of Shakespeare's plays, like "Romeo and Juliet," start with fights or quarrels, to settle the noisy audience down. At the Globe, there was no opening of the curtain or dimming of the lights, as in an enclosed theater. There was no artificial light at all, and plays were performed mid-day in the open air."
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North American Architecture Through the Ages, 2009.
This paper examines North American architecture from the
Pre-Columbian period to the Federalist period.
1,151 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The architecture of North America spans many centuries and many distinct periods. This paper examines North American architecture from the pre-Aztec period up until the independence of the United States. The paper begins with an examination of Teotihuacan, in the Valley of Mexico and its influence the architecture of the Aztecs and other peoples in the pre European age. The paper then discusses native American architecture such as the pueblos of the American Southwest. Finally, the paper discusses architectural design and trends following the colonization of North America by European settlers and up until the Declaration of Independence.
From the Paper
"As the King's representative, the Governor of the Virginia Colony was an individual positioned somewhere between the sacred and the profane. Later American architecture - particularly as one approached the Federalist Period - further extended this separation between the different spheres of existence. In the nation's new capital, even the government was broken down into distinct branches. The vast neoclassical bulk of the Capitol and the White House, located as they were at opposite ends of the monumental Mall, emphasized the distance between these two functions. The whiteness of the structures underscores the purity and virtue of the new system as did the restrained lines and severe order of the columns and other classical elements. The Federalist style proper continued the trend toward simplicity and the overt representation of the ideals of the New Republic. Designed by architect Samuel McIntire, the John Gardner House in Salem, Massachusetts, perfectly captures the new American emphasis. Its severe cubic plan and intensely regular facade suggest that it is the domestic sphere that advertises the rue values of the American people. The focus is on the centrally-placed entrance, and thin white Corinthian columns stand out against the structure's brick walls with their regular lines of windows and straight stringcourses. In this paean to Federalist architecture and socio-cultural vales, the theme of North American architecture has come full circle. Cosmic symbolism has been transferred from the meeting place of the overall community to the dwelling place of the individual - a fitting monument to America's embrace of the individual."
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Post Modern Architects, 2009.
Discusses the role of ornament in post modern architecture, using the works of post modern architects Hans Hollein, Michael Graves and Robert Venturi as examples.
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the development of a postmodern architectural style can best be understood as a reaction to the modernist perception of art and architecture. The paper explains that, in the postmodern view, ornament is not seen as being extraneous and superfluous, but rather as a valid and important extension and addition to the meaning and the context of the architectural work. The postmodern style reintroduced the value of ornamentation as part of the eclectic and 'open ended' nature of postmodern and post-structural thinking. The paper describes this ornamentation in the work of Hans Hollein, Michael Graves and Robert Venturi. Several colored pictures are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Post Modernism
Ornament
Ornaments Role in Postmodern Architecture
Example of the Work of Robert Venturi
Example of the Work of Michael Graves
Example of the work of Hans Hollein
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Graves achieved international recognition for his design for a Portland Public Services Building in 1980. Another building that bears his unique postmodern stamp is Humana Corporate Headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky (1982). He is also well known for his creative extension to the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York (1985-87). Among his many other works is the Dolphin and Swan Hotels at Disney World in Orlando. These works also make extensive use of decoration and ornamentation."
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The Monadnock Building, 2009.
A look at the architectural style of the Monadnock Building.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the architectural features and style of the Monadnock Building in Chicago. The author provides a description of the building and discusses the vision for the structure that the architects involved had for it. The paper also talks about the problems that plagued the massive office complex, such as settlement of the surface footings.
Outline:
Architect, Patron, Historical Context
Physical Context
Movement and Style
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The current structure is clearly split in its style, reflecting the break in construction, as no one could entirely reconstruct the deceased Root's 'feel' for the work (his partner was too busy with other projects to continue alone). The southern half was the work of the architectural firm Holabird & Roche, but still under the commission and control of the Brooks brothers. This is why the two halves of the building are similar in size, material, and color, but quite different in style."
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Adolf Loos, 2009.
A review of the architectural theories and works of Adolf Loos.
1,960 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the achievements of Adolf Loos, one of the foremost pioneers and inventive spirits in modern architecture. His reputation is based largely on a number of controversial and creative essays that include views on architectural theory and praxis. The paper explores his theories and central architectural thesis and examines their importance in terms of the dominant architectural movements of the time, as well as their influence on contemporary architecture. The paper also takes account of the critiques of his views and theories.
Outline:
Introduction
Central Theoretical Concerns
Essays and Written Works
Conclusion: Criticism, Deconstruction and Evaluation
From the Paper
" There is little doubt that Adolf Loos had a profound impact on many modernist architects and artists. For example, many European architects were particularly influenced by his style and theory. This can be seen in that Frank Lloyd Wright "....credited Loos with doing for European architecture what Wright was doing in the United States". However, there were also many criticisms of his work. As has been referred to, many people objected to his stark and austere style. Possibly the most significant critique of his style and theory can be found in the general critique of the modernist movement as a while."
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Domestic Buildings, 2009.
A discussion on domestic architecture.
2,131 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses domestic architecture, which consists of mainly residential buildings and homes. The author explains how it is possible to determine the values and cultural paradigms of a particular archaeological time by examining the domestic buildings of the period as buildings are connected to the purpose of the activities within them. The paper also analyzes how different type of interior and exterior space, utility items and decorations can show the personality and values of their occupants.
From the Paper
"In social terms, etiquette in dining was associated with self-realization and fulfillment, which in turn was a product of the individualism ideology. People were expected to perform according to a social set of norms. The quality of such performance was then an indication of the personal qualities, status and education of the performer. These in turn influenced the use of interior space, with a very socially aware person decorating the home according to a preconceived set of principles. A central element here was control. Etiquette indicated control of the interior domestic space, and how people conducted themselves in such settings."
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The Architecture of Boston, 2009.
This paper overviews the most significant aspects of Boston's architecture as it relates to the history of the city.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper describes various interesting structures from the historical and contemporary eras in Boston's architectural history, such as the churches, city buildings, markets and entertainment areas. The paper points out the elements of architecture that illustrate signs of the times.
From the Paper
"Boston is a city that represents the very heart of what it means to be American. Filled with rich historical significance, Boston serves as a reminder of what America used to be and what it is yet to be. Boston is unique in that it is dear to the heart of America's history. One of America's oldest cities, Boston was founded on November 17, 1630 by Puritans and still retains much of that original Puritan architecture and design. The architecture falls into colonial, federal, Victorian, and contemporary (ihistroy.org 2008). These phases of architecture represent the life of not only Boston but also America in a way that is truly unique. From lifelike statues to its intricate subway system, Boston is a living piece of history that proves that life, through architecture, is art."
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Le Corbusier's "Villa Savoye", 2008.
A review of the design of "Villa Savoye" by Le Corbusier, the 20th century French architect known for his style referred to as "modern architecture."
784 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses an example of the "international style" of architectural modernism in Le Corbusier's "Villa Savoye", situated in Poissy, France. The paper notes that the "Villa Savoye" is considered to be Le Corbusier's masterpiece, as it was the first building to fully realize all five points of his architectural aesthetic, as elucidated in his landmark work, "Towards A New Architecture". The paper investigates these five points and analyzes the ways in which they contribute to the formal accomplishment of the building.
From the Paper
"He felt that architecture was more than just an engineering feat - it was also an excursion into the realm of visual art, and one that, as such, should uphold the human spirit and the ideals of an era. At the same time, he was against the idea of pure ornamentation in architecture. If a building is merely beautiful and nothing else, chances are great that it will not be useful. To this degree, Le Corbusier emphasized functionality, as well. Both of these realms - functionality and aesthetic pleasure - come to the forefront in Villa Savoye."
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New York's Central Park, 2008.
A discussion of the vision and design of New York's Central Park.
2,104 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the original motives behind the creation of New York's Central Park from the perspective of the two architect designers, Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmstead. The paper shows how New York's Central Park began as an extraordinary vision of an urban landscape in a bustling city, a place where city dwellers could escape the stresses of city life. The paper asserts that the park has achieved that goal and is a monument to landscape architecture and park planning.
From the Paper
"Central Park was created as an urban oasis for a quickly growing city that had little open space. The size of the park was set in 1853, as a historian notes, "The site for the park, a 750-acre rectangle bounded by 59th Street on the south, 106th Street on the north, Fifth Avenue on the east, and Eighth Avenue (present Central Park West) on the west, had been fixed in 1853" (Kowsky 96). A plan had been submitted with ideas for developing the park, but English architect Calvert Vaux, visiting America, saw the plan and knew it needed revision. Eventually, he convinced city officials to hold a competition for the design of the park. When they agreed, Vaux and Olmstead began to work together to create a plan for the park. This Greensward Plan was eventually chosen as the winning plan for the park's design in 1858, and construction began."
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Antoni Gaudi, 2008.
A look at the background of Antonio Gaudi, the Spanish Catalan architect who was famous for his unique and highly individualistic designs.
1,007 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the history of Antonio Gaudi, describes what influenced his life, how he developed, and his artistic works. The paper concludes that Gaudi was one of the modern artistic and architectural innovators of the twentieth century, whose ordinal vision still reverberates in the architecture and artist world today.
Outline:
Background and Formative Years
Architectural Works
From the Paper
" Barcelona at the beginning of the Twentieth century has been described as a "...perfect place for a young Gaudi to thrive... ". This is largely due to the fact that Catalan independence was emerging in Barcelona as a result of the distancing from the control and authority of Madrid. This creative and independent atmosphere provided the underlying impetus and the opportunity for the original vision that Gaudi brought to architecture. There were also numerous business opportunities and projects available at the time. Furthermore, Gaudi was fortunate in having an influential entrepreneur to support his work in the wealthy industrialist, Eusebi Guell. Guell was to support and commission many of Gaudi's projects."
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Buddhist Art, 2008.
A review of the of early Buddhist architecture, art and culture in Japan.
1,333 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Japanese art, largely influenced by Zen Buddhism, which has left its mark in white and black ink art, buildings, gardens, and the graphics in the tea-ceremony rooms. The paper mentions the Horyu-ji Temple as the first and finest example of the use of Korean and Chinese Buddhism in Japan. The paper also makes reference to the art of Jomon culture and the Kofun or Tumulus period and notes that it was in the mid-sixth century that Buddhism reached Japan. The paper highlights the concepts of Buddhism and states that its culture was introduced by Korea into Japan. This began Japan's first cultural awakening and the history of what today is recognized as Japanese art.
From the Paper
"The Shaka Triad is one of the oldest bronze images. It is located in the Golden Hall. It is six feet tall and was designed by the the famous sculptor Tori Busshi. Its image displays the Buddha Shakyamuni sitting between two Bodhisattvas. The Shaka has his legs crossed. His hands are placed in one of a number of mudras. "He has a protuberance on his head and a third eye that indicate extraordinary knowledge and vision and are among some twenty three bodily signs introduced by the Mahayana Buddhist to indicate [shaka's] superhuman qualities" (Varley, 1984:26). The empress Suiko asked Tori Busshi to make the statue after Shotoku Taishi, the leader of Horyu-ji, died. "
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Hollyhock House and Site Integration, 2008.
A look at the work of architect Frank Lloyd Wright.
1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the talent of architect Frank Lloyd Wright and describes an unusual house he designed - Hollyhock House. The author has provided a history of this building as well as some photographs.
Outline:
History of Hollyhock House
Frank Lloyd Wright's philosophy
Design Challenges
From the Paper
"Hollyhock House was built between 1919 and 1923 in Los Angeles . One of the key challenges that Wright faced was that he wanted to make certain that the design of Hollyhock House blended with the established architectural style of Southern California. Although Wright's designs often stood out from those in the local area, he still did not want his designs to look out of place. Wright referred to the architectural style of Southern California as California Romanza, which means "freedom to makes one's own form" .
"One of the key features of Wrights' designs is their ability to take advantage of the natural surroundings. The key was to work with the natural landscape and climate, rather than to attempt to change it. Wright's designs appear to spring from the land itself, rather than appear to be "placed" there by human intervention. This philosophy permeates throughout Wright's work and Hollyhock House is no exception."
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