This paper provides a labor analysis of secretarial and administrative assistant occupations and discusses how such positions have changed due to technological advances.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, 2005, $ 53.95
Abstract This paper offers a critical analysis of secretaries and administrative assistants. The writer discusses that various fields of occupation need secretaries and administrative assistants, with more and more positions open in this field. However, the writer notes that the duties of these administrative staff continue to change as newer technology is discovered. Further, the writer maintains that the impact of technology on secretarial jobs has changed the role of secretaries and administrative assistants and will continue to change their roles.
From the Paper "What does a secretary do? What are administrative assistants? Should I even consider being a secretary or administrative assistant? These are important questions in the process of doing a labor analysis in this field. First, what is the main role of a secretary or administrative assistant? This is a difficult question because different secretaries and office administrators do different duties depending on the company."
Abstract An essay presented in a business paper manner that studies the changing roles of secretaries in the business world and recommends changes to the field to allow a greater role to be played.
A paper examining the issue of gay marriages and whether they should be legalized because not doing so would deny homosexuals their basic civil rights.
Abstract This paper is a study for understanding whether there is a need to legalize gay marriages. The paper is divided into three sections arguing three thesis statements. The first thesis statement argues that marriage is a civil right of every individual, as it is essential for the emotional well-being of individuals and denying it to the gay community is discriminatory. Hence, the study begins with a discussion of the argument that denying the civil rights of marriage is discriminatory. The second thesis statement asserts that gays are denied the rights which are associated with marriage and that denying these rights is a violation of their civil rights and therefore a need exists to legalize gay marriages. By way of this thesis statement, the paper offers an understanding as to the rights which are associated with marriage but which are denied to gay couples and discusses whether there is a need to legalize gay marriages taking this perspective into consideration. The third thesis statement argues that legalizing gay marriage is necessary for the security and well-being of the children that gay couples are caring for. Herein, the paper attempts to analyze whether children of gay couples would entail the security required if gay marriages are legalized. Thus, on the basis of the above three thesis statements, the paper tries to formulate an understanding of whether denying marriage to homosexual couples leads to denial of civil rights to the gay community and whether there is a need to legalize gay marriages.
Table of Contents
Introduction
First Thesis Statement
Second Thesis Statement
Third Thesis Statement
Conclusion
From the Paper "Whether the US community is prepared to permit people to marry without the consideration of gender is gaining our notice daily. Religion and civil marriage are two clearly different entities. Certainly this is completely fitting. Certainly, the state must not have the right to order for whom religious organization might carry out marriage services --- akin to the fact that religions institutions must not set terms regarding who might get a license for civil marriage from the state. Latest census data show that the number of faithful same-sex couples in the US has been mounting, as also the number of same-sex couple's upbringing children. Accordingly recognition in the eyes of law is crucial to safeguarding the emotional and financial health of these families. Besides, legal approval should be on a same footing with that of heterosexual marriage ---'separate but equal' is by no means equal."
Abstract This paper argues in favor of the legalization of marijuana. The author provides a detailed discussion about the positive aspects of legalizing marijuana and supports his argument by comparing the side effects of marijuana to alcohol and tobacco that are legalized.
From the Paper "Although many people might believe that marijuana is harmful to our health, marijuana is non-toxic and never harms your brain or other organs ("Marijuana"), and, substantially, the only heath risk of marijuana is respiratory damage from smoking it (Zimmer 172). But, the damage from smoking marijuana is probably much less harmful than from smoking tobacco since the effects of marijuana last longer than that of tobacco, and marijuana smokers don?t smoke as much as tobacco smokers do ("Marijuana")."
A research paper that gives a detailed overview on the legalization of marijuana, an analysis of its medical uses and an insight into laws surrounding the controversy.
Abstract This paper is an in-depth look at why marijuana's use for medical application is a purpose important enough to legalize the substance with pharmaceutical control by the government. The author examines scientific and historical background of marijuana, and the lack of public information on marijuana.
Outline
Medical marijuana use.
Ancient use of marijuana
Marijuana used for religion and other things.
Facts about marijuana.
Research on marijuana's potential abuse.
Lack of public information on marijuana
?Legal? drugs abuse
Media hype of marijuana
Ethnic tendency towards abuse
Marijuana and cancer chemotherapy
Marijuana and AIDS
Other medical uses of marijuana
Enough medical research.
Cannabis research
AIDS patients and marijuana.
Medical marijuana activists
Voters in favor of legalizing marijuana in many states.
Positive medical applications of cannabis.
Many countries have legalized medicinal marijuana.
From the Paper "Marijuana has been known for centuries and played a significant role in human history, being used for religious ceremonies, rope, medicine and recreation, among other registered uses. An enormous amount of hypothesis has been developed concerning other uses, or consequences of using dope. Mythologies from many countries speak of numberless gods and deids. It is possible many of these gods were imagined or seen by shaman or oracles that were under the influences of drugs. Cannabis use was mentioned in the fours Vedas (from India), one of the oldest religious manuscripts (Harrison, 70). Such Reginald Campbell and R Everett offer a general overview of marijuana in Substance Abuse in Workplace: ? The most common form of marijuana found in the U.S. is Cannabis Sativa... There are about 421 known chemicals in the plant... but the active chemical is believed to be the tetrahydro-cannabinols (THC), oils possessing physiological activity... Some symptoms of marijuana intoxication include confusion, euphoria, hallucinations, hunger, red eyes, ego-inflation, dry mouth, excessive laughing and coma? (42-43). Marijuana intoxication is said to last two to three hours, but the ingredient delta-9-tetrahydro -cannabinol can accumulate in brain and testes tissues (Hubbard, Franco, Onaivi, 1999). Marijuana, pot or weed, among other names, has a variety of practical uses. Hemp is used to built cords and even clothing. There are a number of websites on the Internet that offer a variety of products made out of hemp. Sadly, it is to blame that such a helpful herb be considered illegal due to the bad nature and unconsciousness of humans."
Abstract The paper discusses that drug abuse is a real problem in the United States. The paper questions if the present way of handling the drug problem is the best way to cut down on drug abuse. The paper asks if decriminalization is better than legalization. The paper then questions if drugs should be legalized and if so, which drugs should be legalized. The paper considers that legalizing different drugs would put the responsibility on the user and thus change the problems associated with drugs, including criminalization.
From the Paper "According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse released in 2002, "an estimated 15.9 million Americans aged 12 and older were current users of illicit drugs in 2001, meaning that they used an illicit drugs" (Crime 408). Drug abuse is a real problem in the United States, but is the current manner of handling the drug problem the best way to cut down on drug abuse? Analyzing "Crime in the Modern World" will show how legalizing different drugs such as marijuana can be beneficial as well as reduce cost to enforcing laws and sending offenders to prison. An important difference should be noted, however, between decriminalizing drugs and legalizing them: "[Decriminalization] reduces criminal penalties associated with the personal possession of a controlled substance, legalization eliminates the laws and associated criminal penalties that prohibit its production, sale, distribution and possession" (Crime 428)."
Abstract The paper discusses and analyzes various perspectives on legal order. The paper examines different concepts, including Positivism, Marxism, Natural Law, Anarchism, Legal Realism, Feminism, and Critical Legalism. The paper analyzes the role that these theories played in Canadian lawmaking, determining that Positivism had the most influence on contemporary Canadian lawmakers.
From the Paper "What is the purpose of law and why do we need it? Would society completely crumble into a chaotic mess if law did not exist? Well, from what I understand thus far, and from what I have seen on TV lately, law is important to maintaining order in society. Without law and order, anarchy would rule our lives. This sentiment was proven recently in the wake of hurricane Katrina. The devastation and human suffering is a result from lack of government organization."
Abstract Legal positivism contends that laws are formulated based on the social system of the time and the sources that the social system gives authority to form legal decisions. These sources may be in the form of a constitution, amendments, judicial decisions or state legislation, for example. The belief that legal decisions are based on justice is not the foundation of law in positivism; yet, it is based on what has previously been determined, or posited in the social order. This paper discusses the American political system and contends that the court system of the United States consistently determines law in relation to the American political system based on previous judicial decisions that form the basis of the decisions of the justices.
Abstract The author of the paper presents an argument for the legalization of prostitution. The writer firstly gives a brief historical overview of prostitution and then carries on to document a number of countries in the world today where prostitution is legal and regulated by authorities. The author continues with an examination as to how legalization of prostitution affects the general public's view of the profession, the women working in it and the clients using the service. In addition, the writer also addresses crime, health and other social arguments for the legalization of the profession.
From the Paper "Detractors argue that legalizing the profession of prostitution alone may invoke a number of the social ills. However, it is not the legalization of prostitution that is the problem; rather it is the lax regulation of the profession that creates social havoc, as is seen in Germany. Furthermore, the major objective of laws legalizing prostitution have been to prevent the exploitation of women and children in sex trafficking, to reduce the incidence of prostitutes "selling their wares" on street corners, and to protect prostitutes and the public from sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV. Furthermore, the negative social stigma attached to the profession is reduced or eliminated in locations in which prostitution has been made legal as is evident in Amsterdam."
Tags:legal stigma crime, sexually transmitted disease, feminist criminology sex consensual
Abstract This paper analyzes a survey that appeared in "The Economist," which examined the economic and social impact of the legalization of drugs around the world. It focuses on the microeconomic effects legalization would have and analyzes data presented in the survey using tools and methods that are taught at intermediate level economics classes. This paper examines the effects of legalization on price, demand, consumption and distribution.
From the Paper "Regardless of the moral or political positions one takes on the use or trade of illicit substances, one has to appreciate the complexity and the organization of the world drug trade. The drug trade is a truly global industry, as the production and distribution of illegal substances requires participation from, and relatively unmatched cooperation between, different groups from nearly every corner of the world. As impressive as the geographic scope of the drug trade is the economic prowess of the industry, which generates annual sales of somewhere between $150 and $400 billion, based on different estimates. The industry's illegitimate status also makes it one of the most dangerous in the world for those who participate at all levels, from producers to distributors, and even to consumers. The drug trade also causes enormous problems, both financially and socially, to nearly every nation involved - and not just from the questionable nature of the drugs themselves, but also because of the tactics employed by the world's most powerful governments, especially by the United States, to eliminate, curb, or otherwise control the flow of illegal substances. In the survey in The Economist, powerful arguments are presented that try to establish that the policies and enforcement strategies of the world's powers against the drug trade cause far greater harm than the industry does itself. Further, the survey argues a great deal of the problems caused by the drug industry to nations and peoples around the world are more a result of these policies and tactics than anything inherent in the industry or the substances themselves. The survey presents a number of arguments from both a social standpoint and an economic perspective as to how the United States and the rest of the world might benefit from the legalization of illicit substances. In this paper the focus will be on the economic evidence presented in the survey and its correlation with the theory of the firm and the consumer in microeconomics."
Abstract This paper looks at how Australian law is very closely linked with legal positivism, since it revolves around the concept of power. It explains that the sovereign order is treated as the final word, which cannot be altered or amended. While the same is the case in the United States, the writer points out that there is some flexibility towards modern interpretations of law. The United States gives its judiciary enough freedom to interpret law according to the circumstances. The same is, however, missing from the Australian legal system where modern interpretations are often met with disapproval. It concludes that this is the essential difference between legal systems of the two countries, a difference that has turned Australian law into a more rigid and positivistic form of law.
From the Paper "A law must be resistant to change for that is the whole purpose of implementing laws. However they must also be flexible enough to allow modern interpretation, which is unfortunately not the case in Australia and this, is what makes Australian constitutional law positivist in nature. In other words, when a law is so rigid that it cannot allow modern interpretation and fails to keep pace with changing times, it is said to be positivistic in nature. In such laws, the interpretation is rigidly limited and the original law cannot be molded to suit modern conditions and circumstances. While then United States constitutional law is also highly resistant to change, it is nonetheless flexible enough to allow Supreme and High Courts to seek modern interpretation. However that is not the case in Australia where constitutional law is the final word of authority and to allow the law to keep pace with changing times is seen as a threat to the constitution. A very apt example of this kind of rigidity of law can be seen in Bulun Bulun case of 1999.
In this case, the copyright Law of Australia was under consideration and it was found that the rigid interpretation of the law was closely connected with legal positivism. The painter John Bulun sought Court's help in combining customary law with the Copyright Act. Mr. Bulun Bulun wanted one of his paintings "Magpie Geese and Water Lilies at the Waterhole", to be seen as a work of co-authorship. He wanted his entire community to be the owner of this property since it was more in line with his customs and cultural beliefs.
Judge Von Doussa however refused to combine customary law with Copyright Law and decided to stay with strict interpretation of the law thus taking a positivistic approach as Bowrey (2001) explains: ?It is difficult to ascertain whether or not von Doussa grasped the cultural implications that flow from his endorsement of these precedents about joint authorship. At key points in the decision closure to consideration of the indigenous point of view was achieved by using legal positivist interpretative practice. He identified the appropriate legal rule concerning joint authorship without reference to any discourse about the meaning of the terminology. Copyright law is "entirely a creature of statute"."
Abstract This paper is a legal issue analysis of a newspaper or magazine article that discusses a legal aspect of a specific diversity issue - workplace harassment. This article offers a summary of the diversity issue, analysis of the legal issues and a presentation of thoughts and beliefs regarding this issue. The presentation is contextualized in terms of the challenges of managing that diversity issue within the workplace.
From the Paper "Restaurant Business revealed that the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is suing Cracker Barreland its parent for the alleged sexual and racial harassment of ten employees in three Illinois units of the restaurant chain. The E.E.O.C. alleges that the female workers had been subjected to sexual assaults, sexual propositions, obscene jokes and the circulation of pornography. The suit also alleges that some of the African-Americans among the ten employees represented by the E.E.O.C. were subjected to racial discrimination and harassment."
Abstract The paper is a review of the two arguments presented in the book "Legalize It? Debating American Drug Policy" by Trebach and Inciardi, two well-known writers on the controversial topic of the legalization of drugs in the US. The paper summarizes and reviews the effectiveness of each of their main arguments and presents a possible solution to the drug legalization question.
From the Paper "In their book "Legalize It? Debating American Drug Policy," authors Trebach and Inciardi debate the issues surrounding legalization of drugs in the US. Both advocate changes to current policies, laws and attitudes about illegal drug abuse and addiction, but present fundamentally opposite opinions on the issue of legalization for what are currently classified as illegal drugs. By examining both of their perspectives and arguments, this paper will provide a suggestion as to the best-case scenario for resolving their divergent solutions and perhaps find a way to bring them together."
Abstract This paper discusses the fluid nature of law and most legal systems and then relates this characteristic back to healthcare. Various aspects of healthcare such as palliative care and healthcare's ethical framework are examined in light of the nuances of an inexact legal framework. This paper concludes that the healthcare industry cannot and should not function off the interpretive method that the legal system does.
From the Paper "The nature of law has been a hotly contested subject ever since Hammurabi first had his code carved in stone circa 1775 B.C. Since then, law has been subjected to myriad interpretive analysis, written, rewritten and canonized in various ways: the common law of England, precedent or case law in America developing out of England's common law heritage and even religious law as of Islamic law commonly called Shari'ah. The only common dialectical thread through all these historical bodies of law and legal systems, both current and past, is that law is not an exact science. "
Abstract This paper presents an examination of natural crimes compared to legal crimes. The writer explores the difference between natural and legal crimes, gives examples of both and discusses which crimes are wrong in themselves and which ones are only crimes because they are deemed illegal.
From the Paper "In civilized society there are natural crimes and legal crimes. While they are all crimes when held against the state, local or federal statutes they are viewed differently in the eyes of those who are mandated to uphold and obey them. For the purpose of discussion natural crimes are crimes that are morally and ethically wrong and would be wrong regardless of what the law said about them, while legal crimes will be discussed as crimes in which the only obvious rationale for them being deemed illegal is that the government has deemed them as such. "
