Abstract
This essay discusses the various legislative responses in the UK to the threat posed to society by modern terrorism. Beginning with the origins of anti-terrorism law in the United Kingdom in response to the troubles in Northern Ireland, the paper subsequently offers a discussion on the Terrorism Act 2000 and the Anti-Terrorism Crime and Security Act (including the judicial response to the powers conferred under this Act in 'A v Secretary of State for the Home Department'). The writer concludes by attempting to reconcile the two core issues in this matter -namely security of the state versus civil liberties.

Outline:
Abstract
The Origins of UK Anti-Terrorism Law
The Terrorism Act 2000
The Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In December 1995, Lord Lloyd of Berwick undertook an inquiry into the adequacy of the UK's counter-terrorism legislation to deal with future terrorist threats . Two important concepts arose from the report which are of significance to the discussion at hand: firstly, that it was the expectation of the Government that whilst the peace process would lead to the receding of the terrorist threat in relation to the Northern Ireland Troubles, the threat of international terrorism would increase and need to be dealt with; and secondly, that consideration had to be given to the UK's obligations under various treaties in international law, predominantly the European Convention on Human Rights, when creating any new anti-terrorism legislation ; thus acknowledging that a balance would have to be drawn between security and liberties and that the Government did not hold a carte blanche to introduce any anti-terror measure that it wished."

Tags:crime, security, human, rights, freedom, IRA

Abstract
The paper discusses and analyzes various perspectives on legal order. The paper examines different concepts, including Positivism, Marxism, Natural Law, Anarchism, Legal Realism, Feminism, and Critical Legalism. The paper analyzes the role that these theories played in Canadian lawmaking, determining that Positivism had the most influence on contemporary Canadian lawmakers.

From the Paper
"What is the purpose of law and why do we need it? Would society completely crumble into a chaotic mess if law did not exist? Well, from what I understand thus far, and from what I have seen on TV lately, law is important to maintaining order in society. Without law and order, anarchy would rule our lives. This sentiment was proven recently in the wake of hurricane Katrina. The devastation and human suffering is a result from lack of government organization."

Tags:law, order, legal

Abstract
This paper presents an examination of natural crimes compared to legal crimes. The writer explores the difference between natural and legal crimes, gives examples of both and discusses which crimes are wrong in themselves and which ones are only crimes because they are deemed illegal.

Outline:
Introduction
Natural Crimes
Legal Crimes
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In civilized society there are natural crimes and legal crimes. While they are all crimes when held against the state, local or federal statutes they are viewed differently in the eyes of those who are mandated to uphold and obey them. For the purpose of discussion natural crimes are crimes that are morally and ethically wrong and would be wrong regardless of what the law said about them, while legal crimes will be discussed as crimes in which the only obvious rationale for them being deemed illegal is that the government has deemed them as such. "

Tags:crime, victims, morality, punishment, natural, crimes, legal, crimes

Abstract
An analysis of the penomenon of overcriminalization of the legal system. The paper discusses legal moralizing, law-and -order politics and the public's extreme concern. The paper concludes that legislators are too involved in the legal system.

From the Paper
"Much has been written concerning the purported overcriminalization of our legal system. Critics of this purported phenomenon decry the number of criminal laws being written by Congress and the state legislatures, believing that they clutter the legal system and take legal decisions out of the hands of judges. The critics allege that the legislation of criminal activities has gone overboard, driven by the fact that politicians find it easy to get elected on get tough on crime positions and by the fact that once a law is on..."

Tags:overcriminalization, myth, legislatures, laws, criminal, legal, politics

Abstract
This paper discusses the fluid nature of law and most legal systems and then relates this characteristic back to healthcare. Various aspects of healthcare such as palliative care and healthcare's ethical framework are examined in light of the nuances of an inexact legal framework. This paper concludes that the healthcare industry cannot and should not function off the interpretive method that the legal system does.

From the Paper
"The nature of law has been a hotly contested subject ever since Hammurabi first had his code carved in stone circa 1775 B.C. Since then, law has been subjected to myriad interpretive analysis, written, rewritten and canonized in various ways: the common law of England, precedent or case law in America developing out of England's common law heritage and even religious law as of Islamic law commonly called Shari'ah. The only common dialectical thread through all these historical bodies of law and legal systems, both current and past, is that law is not an exact science. "

Tags:healthcare, legal, palliative

Abstract
This paper is a legal issue analysis of a newspaper or magazine article that discusses a legal aspect of a specific diversity issue - workplace harassment. This article offers a summary of the diversity issue, analysis of the legal issues and a presentation of thoughts and beliefs regarding this issue. The presentation is contextualized in terms of the challenges of managing that diversity issue within the workplace.

From the Paper
"Restaurant Business revealed that the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is suing Cracker Barreland its parent for the alleged sexual and racial harassment of ten employees in three Illinois units of the restaurant chain. The E.E.O.C. alleges that the female workers had been subjected to sexual assaults, sexual propositions, obscene jokes and the circulation of pornography. The suit also alleges that some of the African-Americans among the ten employees represented by the E.E.O.C. were subjected to racial discrimination and harassment."

Tags:Legal issue, harassment, discrimiation, Diversity, EEOC, Title VII, administrative authority, Cracker Barrel

Abstract
This paper looks at how Australian law is very closely linked with legal positivism, since it revolves around the concept of power. It explains that the sovereign order is treated as the final word, which cannot be altered or amended. While the same is the case in the United States, the writer points out that there is some flexibility towards modern interpretations of law. The United States gives its judiciary enough freedom to interpret law according to the circumstances. The same is, however, missing from the Australian legal system where modern interpretations are often met with disapproval. It concludes that this is the essential difference between legal systems of the two countries, a difference that has turned Australian law into a more rigid and positivistic form of law.

From the Paper
"A law must be resistant to change for that is the whole purpose of implementing laws. However they must also be flexible enough to allow modern interpretation, which is unfortunately not the case in Australia and this, is what makes Australian constitutional law positivist in nature. In other words, when a law is so rigid that it cannot allow modern interpretation and fails to keep pace with changing times, it is said to be positivistic in nature. In such laws, the interpretation is rigidly limited and the original law cannot be molded to suit modern conditions and circumstances. While then United States constitutional law is also highly resistant to change, it is nonetheless flexible enough to allow Supreme and High Courts to seek modern interpretation. However that is not the case in Australia where constitutional law is the final word of authority and to allow the law to keep pace with changing times is seen as a threat to the constitution. A very apt example of this kind of rigidity of law can be seen in Bulun Bulun case of 1999.


In this case, the copyright Law of Australia was under consideration and it was found that the rigid interpretation of the law was closely connected with legal positivism. The painter John Bulun sought Court's help in combining customary law with the Copyright Act. Mr. Bulun Bulun wanted one of his paintings "Magpie Geese and Water Lilies at the Waterhole", to be seen as a work of co-authorship. He wanted his entire community to be the owner of this property since it was more in line with his customs and cultural beliefs.
Judge Von Doussa however refused to combine customary law with Copyright Law and decided to stay with strict interpretation of the law thus taking a positivistic approach as Bowrey (2001) explains: It is difficult to ascertain whether or not von Doussa grasped the cultural implications that flow from his endorsement of these precedents about joint authorship. At key points in the decision closure to consideration of the indigenous point of view was achieved by using legal positivist interpretative practice. He identified the appropriate legal rule concerning joint authorship without reference to any discourse about the meaning of the terminology. Copyright law is "entirely a creature of statute"."

Tags:legal, system

Abstract
This essay discusses the legal system in the United Kingdom. It mainly focuses on the difference between barristers and solicitors. It defines the two and gives the names of the courts where each practice. Furthermore, it discusses the push to fuse the two together as it is in the United States, telling the reader the role the Lord Chancellor has played in moving the two professions into one.

From the Paper
"In the United States, attorneys provide legal counsel for those who seek it throughout all stages of the legal system. In the United Kingdom, however, what we consider attorneys are divided into two categories, barristers and solicitors. The two branches of the legal profession, although both doing work that American attorneys would do, serve different functions in the legal system of the United Kingdom. This paper will be used to examine the structure of the legal system in the United Kingdom, stating the differences between barristers and solicitors. Furthermore, I will give an opinion as to whether the legal system of the United Kingdom should be fused into one or left as two distinct professions; I will also state what the Lord Chancellor has done to promote more similarity and overlap between the barrister and solicitor professions."

Tags:legal, profession, uk

Abstract
Thepaper examines the case of "R(Haw) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department", that deals with Brian Haw, who had been conducting demonstrations using large placards in Parliament Square since 2001. The paper relates that Haw's demonstrations were concerning sanctions against Iraq and the British Government's policy in Iraq. The paper discusses how the Westminster City Council sought an injunction against Haw in 2002 to move his placards because of highway obstruction, but the paper relates that the court denied the injunction indicating there was no highway obstruction and that Haw's demonstrations were lawful.

From the Paper
"The case of "R(Haw) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department", deals with Brian Haw, who had been conducting demonstrations using large placards in Parliament Square since 2001. Haw's demonstrations were concerning sanctions against Iraq and the British Government's policy in..."

Tags:legal, caselaw, construction

Abstract
The author notes that thousands of United States Merchant Marine sailors served in dangerous combat zones overseas with great dedication, distinction, and courage during the legally defined duration of the Second World War, but were denied veteran's rights for decades, due to opposition from the Secretary of the Air Force and veteran's groups such as the VFW and American Legion.