Abstract
This paper discusses education policies and legal issues surrounding education in the United States. It begins by providing a functional definition of education policy and the importance of education policies. The paper then looks at examples of how the educational policy can go too far. The paper specifically looks at how intelligent design and religion can cause legal issues in education.

Table of Contents:
Educational Policy: A Functional Definition
Legal Issues in Education: Intelligent Design and Religion

From the Paper
"Intelligent design will continue to be a significant legal challenge for educators in the coming years in the United States, but also in other Western nations. Intelligent design is the latest attempt by religious institutions to blur the line between church and state in public institutions by wrapping religion in the cloak of science. Educators who are tempted by the possibility of bridging this divide would do well to remember that their primary responsibility is to the students in their care. It will only do them harm to teach them that religion has the explanatory power to supplant science--it is the historical equivalent of erasing the last five hundred years of scientific progress in favor of medieval religious dogma. Educators should collectively take a stand against intelligent design and commit themselves to providing the most accurate education possible to their students."

Tags:ID, no child left behind, science technology teaching

Abstract
This paper takes a look at evidence-based practice in the nursing world. This paper both presents and analyzes alternatives that could offer solutions to the gaps and barriers to effective health care that are seen in EBP. The paper discusses the mandating of curricula that stress the issue of EBP for accreditation of college and universities, concentrating on the improving of education within healthcare institutions, and doing nothing to change the present situation.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Problem Identification
Context of Issue
Social Factors
Economic Factors
Political and Legal Issues
Ethical Factors
Issue Statement
The Stakeholders Involved
Policy Goal and Objectives
Evaluation Criteria
Policy Alternatives
Comparison and Conclusion
Results Analysis

From the Paper
"This issue is important mostly due to the stakeholders that are involved in it. These include not only the healthcare organizations and managed care organizations, but also the research community, nurses, and patients, as well as the legal systems and those that provide insurance for hospitals and their workers (Peterson, 2001). Because there are so many different stakeholders that are involved with the issue of EBP, the policy is shaped in many ways from different directions. Because of the lack of information regarding managed care organizations, the rights of patients, and other issues that involve EBP, finding out a great deal about it is somewhat difficult (Taft, 2001). However, an effort will be made to clarify as much as possible what rights the patient has under managed care, what nurses are doing about patient rights, and how EBP fits into the issue."

Tags:students, university, nursing, patient, care, managed, organization, test, shortage, pay

Abstract
In this essay, the writer explains that abortion was decriminalized and abortion clinics were established in Canada as a result of direct challenges to federal and provincial governments. The writer looks at Section 251, which restricted the conditions under which abortions could be performed and not be considered an indictable offense. The writer notes that on January 28, 1988, the Supreme Court of Canada declared Section 251 of the Criminal Code unconstitutional. The writer concludes that social policies that support women, including prenatal education, universal daycare, parental leave, community midwives, affordable housing and economic equality, are needed in order to ensure real freedom of reproductive choice.

From the Paper
"Section 251 was passed in 1969. This law criminalized abortion under any circumstances but in an accredited hospital with a therapeutic abortion committee. Activism in opposition to that law began in 1970 when Dr. Henry Morgentaler was arrested for doing abortions without the consent of an abortion committee and outside of an accredited hospital. He performed the abortions as an act of civil disobedience, and when he was prosecuted in Quebec in 1973, 1975 and 1976, all three juries refused to convict him as a criminal. In 1976 a newly elected Parti Quebecois government refused to continue with the prosecutions of Dr. Morgentaler, and English Canadian activism subsided because the new government promised there would be no further cases brought before the Court for violation of Section 251. Although Section 251 was a federal law, cases were prosecuted in the provinces. Abortion was de-criminalized, but women continued to fight in Quebec for better access to abortion services and for public medical insurance coverage for abortions done in clinics and health centers."

Tags:pregnancy, clinics, Dr., Morgentaler, choice

Abstract
This paper explains that, although for generations women have been preforming birth control and effective ways of abortion; the practice of abortion has given rise to various social, moral, political and legal issues because abortion is the fulcrum of a much broader ideological struggle in which the very meanings of the family, the state, motherhood and young women's sexuality are contested. The author points out that, though it seems quaint, many individuals today have adopted the idea of celibacy or virginity, the natural method for achieving youth and longevity. The paper relates that rape still is prevalent because of the overcompensating benefits of male reproductive in human evolution history, which has not been eliminated by natural biological selection: women are suffering the consequence of all these atrocities.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Paid Maternity Leave and Other Job Protections for Working Parents
Use of Contraceptives
Abortion
Sex Education in Public Schools
Transvestites
Sexual Behaviors Prohibited by your Religion
Virginity or Celibacy
Homosexuality
Prostitution
Date Rape or Marital Rape

From the Paper
"It has been noticed that transvestites who openly reveal their longings and desire, usually have their partner to either completely reject them or to accept them completely. But more often than not, the relationship usually ends. Transvestites feel that cross-dressing does not really affect anyone in any manner. But this is not true as the thought itself is very narcissistic and the entire idea of transvestism is a self-centered behavior. A transvestite at times gets to involved in cross-dressing that the social aspects of the relationship does not really matter to them. They seem to spend a lot of time, energy and money to boost their later ego. Initially, the partner of transvestite will usually find himself derelict that ultimately leads to antipathy and problems in the relationship. It is also common fact that some transvestites actually like to indulge in sex while they are cross-dressed."

Tags:evolution, male, female, family, religion

Abstract
The paper looks at the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution that was written to protect the rights of the citizens of the United States of America from unreasonable searches and seizures. The paper reviews the case of "New Jersey vs. T.L.O.", when a female student felt that her right to privacy was violated when an assistant principal searched her belongings under the suspicion that she was smoking in a prohibited area. The writer of the paper explains the position of the courts and looks at his own district's policy book, student code of conduct and student handbook to determine his district's position on searches on school property.

Outline:
Abstract
Summary of the Issue
Legal Questions
Summary of Justices White and Blackmun's opinions
Summary Justices Brennan's (and Marshall) position
Application to Instructional Practice

From the Paper
"The fourth amendment to the Constitution was written to protect the rights of the citizens of the United States of America from unreasonable searches and seizures. The law states that citizens of the United States are protected against any search of private property or possessions without reasonable suspicion. This amendment requires that warrants be issued judicially in order to search or seize any type of evidence or to make an arrest. (Find Law, 2010
"The fourth amendment was an old English law that was adopted by the United States to protect the citizens from unwarranted search and seizure of items. If the government and lawmakers had unlimited power to search and take whatever they wanted, corruption would become a big part of the country because they could arrest and take anything they wanted to without a reasonable suspicion. The United States would suddenly become like many communist nations under the rule of a dictator. A person in power who had a reason not to like you, could take whatever they wanted. As the years passed, the Fourth Amendment has developed into a large aspect of the law and has found its way into courtrooms across the country."

Tags:cause, suspicion, privacy, evidence

Abstract
This paper urges that advanced practice nurses (APN) not only should be allowed into nurse educator programs even if they do not have a nursing degree but also they should be given credit for clinical years already served. Next, the author relates the trend in adult trade education to recruit individuals with real world experience into educator programs and the need for more nurse educators. The paper details a proposed institute seminar-style nurse education program for APNs.

Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Problem Identification
Context of Issue
Economic Factors
Social Factors
Political and Legal Issues
Ethical Factors
Issue Statement
Involved Stakeholders
Policy Goal and Objectives
Evaluation Criteria
Policy Alternatives with Pros and Cons
Comparison & Conclusion
Results Analysis
Recommendation
Suggested Methodology for Presenting the Proposal for Consideration and Possible Implementation by Stakeholders

From the Paper
"The nurse practitioner and the training agents must be aware of the complicated nature of medications, what they do and what the symptoms of interactions are as well as the symptoms of non-compliance, a frequent issue in chronic care medicine. These same APNs are then in a significant position to aide in teaching general nursing and advanced nursing care issues. Additionally, the role of the APN, nurse practitioner in care is significant in the development of patient relationships that are more akin to the role of the nurse as nurturer."

Tags:barriers cost, trade education systems, stakeholders continuum

Abstract
This paper explains that the authors of "Workplace Sexual Harassment" stress that this problem is a complex issue, marrying human psychology and human sexual and cultural assumptions with the daily demands of the business environment in which, to some degree, personal relations are always stressful. The author points out that Levy and Paludi's text offers case studies centering on the establishment and enforcement of an effective workplace policy statement prohibiting harassment and the enforcement of grievance procedures for investigating complaints. The paper relates that the book emphasizes that the law should not become the first and only recourse for those individuals experiencing forms of sexual harassment in the workforce; rather, companies should have a comprehensive education program for existing employees and a training program for new staff members to prevent sexual harassment even before it begins.

From the Paper
"No CEO worth his or her salary would feel that the company was legally, ethically, or morally off the hook if someone came to his office and was told, "Hey, I embezzled $10,000 from the company, but I'm planning to put it back in a couple of weeks, so don't tell anyone." No one got hurt, right, so what's the trouble, even if the law was violated? However, similar complaints and concerns that raise the red flag of sexual harassment that is occurring in the workplace are often just as readily ignored."

Tags:complaints, complex, relationships, enforcement, procedures

Abstract
This paper discusses how domestic violence has rightfully evolved from a domestic issue to a serious crime. It explains that this change was the result of many factors: feminist activism, government recommendations, research studies, law suites, and the media raising the public's awareness. The writer points out that by the early 1990s, meaningful changes in the legal system were implemented and domestic violence was finally deemed a federal crime in 1994. The paper concludes that legal reform is still a work in progress - now that domestic violence laws have been strengthened, prevention, treatment, and understanding are the new frontiers for change.
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Historical Background
3.0 Scope of Problem before Legal Reform
4.0 Impetus for Change
4.1 1970s, Battered Women's Movement
4.2 1977 Studies in Detroit and Kansas City
4.3 Batter's Intervention Services/Education/Treatment Programs, Early 1980s
4.4 Individual and Institutional Advocacy Became Common, Early 1980s
4.5 The 1984 Attorney General's Task Force Report on Family Violence
4.6 The 1984 Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment
4.7 Thurman v. Torrington, 1985
4.8 Media Attention, 1980s
5.0 Resulting Changes
5.1 Late 1970s
5.2 Early and Mid 1980s
5.3 Late 1980s
5.4 Early 1990s
6.0 Room for Improvement
6.1 Prevention
6.2 Treatment
6.3 Stereotyping
7.0 Conclusion

From the Paper
"Today, there is a view that domestic violence is a wrong that should be righted in every state in this country (Model Code on Domestic and Family Violence, 1994, National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges). Empowered by stronger domestic abuse laws, legislators, government administrators, law enforcement, courts, attorneys, the medical and health care community, advocates and providers of services to victims, corrections and providers of treatment for offenders, educators, and volunteers now form a wide network to protect the rights of domestic abuse victims. However, this wasn't always the case.
As this paper reveals, until the late 1970s, law enforcement treated domestic violence as a family issue rather than a crime. As the scope of the domestic violence issue grew, feminists, the government, researchers, the courts and the media had to work very hard to create impetus for change. Progress was slow. Only minor changes in the legal system occurred throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Beginning in the early 1990s, meaningful changes took hold and the legal system and police have moved in the right direction. Yet, there's still more work to be done in prevention, treatment and the recognition that heterosexual women aren't the only victims of domestic violence."

Tags:feminist, battered, abuse, family, law, prevention

Abstract
This paper explains that racial profiling is any police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity or national origin; rather than being based on the behavior of an individual or on information that a particular individual is or has been engaged in criminal activity. The author points out that racial profiling is one of the most pressing civil right issues of our time because it extends beyond the direct victim to affect negatively all persons of color of all generations and income levels, undermines the legitimacy of the criminal justice system and hinders effective policing in communities, which need it the most. The paper suggests that the solution to the racial profiling controversy may lie in the ability to control the discretion of the police such as (1) stops must be initiated for a legitimate reason, (2) must be predicted upon an appropriate legal or policy standard, (3) must be perceived to be effective in the pursuit of a legitimate law enforcement need and (4) the officer's attitudes and behaviors must be perceived by the violator to be legitimate.

Table of Contents
Violates Civil Rights
Undermines Police Community Relations
Unsound Policing
Impact on our Community
Impact on the Law Enforcement Profession
Controlling the Discretion of the Police
Control Consent Searches
Deploy Policing Resources on the Basis of Actual not Perceived Demand
Manage the Leader's Influence and Message
Provide Proactive Training and Education
Use Technology to Document the Policing Process
Actively Seek an Avenue for Changing the Current Law
Pass Prohibitive Statutes that Provide Criminal Penalties
Make the Police More Accountable

From the Paper
"Racial profiling is most commonly associated with driving while black or brown also known as DWB. This practice, however, is not limited to vehicle stops it also extends to other aspects of living in the minority community "walking while black; standing while black; shopping while black." Racial profiling states the cost associated with race related police abuses are significant and include psychological trauma, humiliation and degradation and a decline in the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Police brutality lawsuits and institutional racism cost taxpayers ten millions of dollars."

Tags:traffic, police-initiated, legitimacy, discretion, proactive

Abstract
The paper discusses how the lack of proper legal reinforcement of the Bureau's policies and the even lesser economic equalities provided by the southern government detail the crucial problems with "progress", but notes that Dubois remains aware of the institutional importance of the Freedman's Bureau, even though he returns to Tennessee only to see poverty and poorly funded "public" schools. The paper explans that from an educational point of view, Dubois was aware the literacy had certainly increased, but there was still much work to do with creating avenues for this education in socially and economically meaningful ways in the reconstruction era and into the 20th century.

Tags:race, issue, dubois