Abstract In this article, the writer looks at various learningtheories. The writer discusses the subject of learning as both a process and product. The relation to behavior theory is also examined in this paper. The writer looks at the views of Skinner and others. Further, the writer discusses learning and social constructivism.
From the Paper "What is learning and how do human beings learn? These questions have been asked and answered by diverse theories. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss some of the major theories of leaning. However as noted by Uljens, each theoretical orientation to learning has a somewhat different definition. In this regard, Uljens notes that learning has been defined as 'A cognitive process in which one acquires skill of knowledge'. A process by which relatively permanent changes occur in behavioral ... "
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts cognitive development and learningtheory. The paper first describes the concepts of each theory. Then the paper examines how the two theories differ in their orientation and focus. Finally, the paper discusses ways in which the two theories overlap.
From the Paper "This research paper presents a comparison of cognitive development and learning theory. Articles from recent professional literature pertaining to the two theories are reviewed and findings related to the theories..."
Abstract The paper discusses the social learningtheory and differential association theory, with empirical evidence for both. The paper offers views of various theorists, including Bandura and Braithwaite. The paper explores the connection to criminal justice and restorative justice.
From the Paper "The following essay presents a description of social learning theory and differential association theory, along with empirical evidence for both. The role of structural variables to include social disorganization and anomie influences are discussed. Social Learning Theory: Social learning theory provides a focus on learning that occurs within a social context. Albert Bandura is the foremost promoter of this theory."
Abstract This paper looks at the transformative learningtheory of Jack Mezirow, and an alternative perspective on the theory by Robert Boyd. It looks at the transformative learning process and how it is thought to work by examining the transformative process in changing a person's perspective of the world.
From the Paper "Transformative learning theory, developed by Jack Mezirow, states that learning occurs through autonomous thinking and that the centrality of experience, critical thinking and rational discourse, are three common themes in transformative learning. Transformative learning theory was developed by Mezirow and, although he is the major developer of the theory, other perspectives on the theory have emerged based on the work of Robert Boyd. Mezirow's theory developed into a comprehensive and complex description of how learners construe, validate and reformulate the meaning of their experience."
Abstract This paper covers four learningtheories and the descriptors which are associated with each. The paper discusses behavioral learningtheory (operant conditioning), information processing theory, social cognitive theory, and constructivist learningtheory. Each section of the paper discusses the theory, identifies strengths and weaknesses, and gives examples of how they are applied. This paper has chosen constructivist theory in a building trades teaching environment and, after a review of the above theories, the paper advances the case that this theory best fits the class and personal teaching style.
Outline:
Introduction
Behavioral LearningTheory Information Processing Theory Social Cognitive Theory Constructivist LearningTheory Postulate: Constructivist Theory Applies Best to Teaching for the Construction Trades
Conclusion
From the Paper "The next phase is operant conditioning. In many cases, this takes place in steps. A client may be asked to sit in an airplane (while on the ground) and have a pleasant discussion. This associates "pleasant" and "sitting in an airplane," and teaches the client that his/her fear is ungrounded. Once the anxiety has been averted in this step, the client may then be asked to take a short flight and, during the flight, engage in a pleasant activity (talking, playing cards, etc.). The stimulus of the flight is met by a pleasant response. This 'operant conditioning' therefore demonstrates a new paradigm to the client."
Abstract The paper explains Allen Tough's theory of the self-directed learning among ordinary adult learners. The paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the theory and shows how this theory, with its important quality of life concepts, can be used to create a more positive learning environment. The paper then discusses how this theory can be applied to improve the individual learning of followers and how a leader could apply this theory to create a better learning organization.
Outline:
A Description of the LearningTheory and How it is Viewed by Researchers and Practitioners
Identify the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Theory How this Theory Can be Used to Create a More Positive Learning Environment in Your Organization
How this Theory can be Applied to Improve the Individual Learning of Followers
How You as a Leader can Apply this Theory to Create a Better Learning Organization
From the Paper "Allen Tough's learning theory is based on a series of surveys and interviews he conducted during the late 1960s and early 1970s at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education in Canada in an effort to provide an empirical basis to improve on the anecdotal evidence of self-directed learning among ordinary adult learners (Jarvis, Holford & Griffin, 2003). Based on these interviews, Tough developed a learning theory that indicated adults were more self-directed as learners than teachers gave them credit for being; in addition, Tough maintained that personal recognition and satisfaction were important motivators of such adult learning and that teachers of adult learners needed to take such tendencies into account in their curriculum development efforts (Grasha, 1990)."
Abstract This paper presents a discussion about learningtheories, with a focus on Albert Bandura and his development of the environmental learningtheory. The paper then explores the developmental theory and the environmental theory and discusses the cross-over between the two. The paper finally explains how Bandura's theories and beliefs compare to the writer's theories and teaching approach.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Theories The Developmental Theory Environmental LearningTheory Crossover
Albert Bandura
The Author's Theory and Teaching Practices
Conclusion
From the Paper "The theory of Bandura most closely fits this author's approach as the classroom is cleared of distractions. This will help the student pay attention. Any unnecessary noise is eliminated and the windows are covered with artwork to allow light in but not distract students to watch outside. The students are taught the lessons using various imagery and other elements to help students retain what they have learned.
They are motivated to learn and retain the information by the reward and incentive system set up. Those who do well on the lessons and the tests are provided choices of extra computer time, ice cream passes for the lunch room or homework passes to be able to skip a day of homework. Motivation occurs not only by winning such incentives but the students see their peers attain them and are motivated to try doing so too."
Abstract The writer relates that that the two most significant influences on her learningtheory development include the ideas behind Albert Bandura and the elements of experiential learning. The writer explains that by combining these two approaches to learning, students that have different learning abilities will all be able to participate and gain knowledge. The writer explains that the modeling of organized behavior on her part will help the students figure out how to become more organized and efficient students. The writer concludes that as she moves into her teaching career, she will continue to evaluate and update her learningtheory.
Outline:
Introduction
Albert Bandura
Experiential LearningTheory Conclusion
From the Paper "When I first decided to become a teacher I made the decision because I loved to learn and I loved helping others learn as well. When I entered high school I knew that my life goal was to become a teacher and be able to walk into a classroom every day and help others move ahead in their personal quest for education. I was not sure what grade level I wanted to teach but thought I would probably enjoy the elementary years the most. When I got to college I focused on elementary education and thought because it had been a life long dream that I had everything it took and that all I needed was the teaching credential. Boy did I have a lot to learn! As I made my way through the various required classes I have gained more respect than ever before for those teachers who helped educated me along the way."
Abstract This paper takes a look at learningtheories such as constructivism, brain-based learning, attribution theory, emotional intelligence, multiple intelligences and also the concept of learned helplessness which places a barrier on learning. The paper defines and explains each of the mentioned learningtheory and also discusses the importance for teachers to consider each of the methods and how it can best fit into their education pattern to motivate students.
From the Paper "Several theories are suggested for the best way to help students learn in a classroom setting, such as constructivism, brain-based learning, attribution theory, emotional intelligence and multiple intelligences. There is also the concept of "learned helplessness" that places a barrier on learning. It is important for teachers to consider each one of these methods and how if fits into their own educational gestalt. The students need to be motivated to gain as much knowledge as possible, yet the teacher has to feel comfortable about that style of learning to attain the maximum results."
Tags: education, achievement, motivation, development
Abstract This paper examines several modern learningtheories. It begins with Edward L. Thorndike's Theory of Associationism, in which it is believed that learning results from associations formed between specific stimuli and responses. It then discusses Piaget's Theory of Development, which theorizes that learning occurs when an individual processes information, and Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development. Finally, it discusses Alfred Bandura's version of Social Cognitive Theory, which sees human learning as a reciprocal interaction of personal factors, a person's behavior, and social environment.
From the Paper "Thorndike divides his theories into three components. First, the law of contiguity states that associations are more likely to be formed when the elements that are supposed to be associated are experienced together. The law of practice states that the repetition of connections is important. Finally, the law of contiguity states that associations are more likely to be formed when the elements that are supposed to be associated are experienced together (Desforges and Lings, 1998). Related to this, Thorndike also states that punishment can facilitate learning, but only indirectly (Thorndike 1975)."
Abstract This paper discusses John Dewey', considered the father of modern educational theory, and his views on education and the educational system. The paper explains that Dewey's insights evolved from an educational system that was based on authoritarian concepts. Dewey believed that the traditional style of schooling prevented education from having a focus on the individual learning styles of the student. These learning styles were directly correlated to the student's experiences, which were pivotal in how the student accepted, processed and ultimately learned information. The paper explains that this theory was entitled the experiential theory of education and was considered an innovative approach to learning at the time.
Abstract The paper describes how a selected learningtheory influences curriculum. The paper focuses on social learningtheory and contains a discussion of the learningtheory, a description of how it affects curriculum design and thoughts on the use of the theory in the 21st century schools.
From the Paper "There are many different learning theories that exist and are used to shape what students learn in the classroom. According to an article in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence, social learning theory asserts, "behaviors modeled by others may be imitated in other relationships. Specifically, behaviors of higher status individuals are more likely to be imitated by individuals of lower status (Reese-Weber, 2000)." In other words, this theory asserts that human behavior and its consequences are learned through observation."
Abstract This paper discusses school shootings in America, focusing on the case of Luke Woodham and his violent acts in October of 1998. The paper explains that this case is used as an example of criminal acts that are conducted by children and the case is examined through social learningtheory. The paper explores the foundations of social learningtheory and arguments against this theory in relation to school shootings are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper examines how social learningtheory can be used as a predictor of school violence and then discusses the prevention techniques that have been offered and that must be implemented in order to address the issue. In conclusion, the paper shows that for the criminal justice system and society as whole it is evident that the only answer to school shootings and violence is to begin to work together in a manner that allows for preventative measures to be taken and for children to once again have faith that the adults who are supposed to protect them will and that the world that is supposed to be supportive of them will function to accomplish that mission.
From the Paper "In the case of Woodham and the murders that occurred in Mississippi, it is evident that the conditions described through social learning theory existed and that these conditions contributed to the actions taken by the juvenile. For example, early in his life Woodham became engrossed in the philosophy used by Hitler. It was not difficult for Woodham to witness the results of Hitler's philosophies, as those results are consistently present in the social order as a matter of social history. Woodham was capable of retaining these events because they were constantly reinforced through exposure to the ideas discussed in relation to Hitler through the people that he knew and the studies that he personally conducted."
This paper looks at violent acts committed by children, focusing on the issue of school shootings. This matter is examined through social learningtheory.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses school shootings in the U.S., focusing on the case of Luke Woodham at his violent acts in October of 1998. The writer explains that this case is used as an example of criminal acts that are conducted by children and the case is examined through social learningtheory. The foundations of social learningtheory are therefore explored and arguments against this theory in relation to school shootings are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper examines how social learningtheory can be used as a predictor of school violence and the prevention techniques that have been offered and that must be implemented in order to address the issue. Finally, the response of the criminal justice system to school shootings is explored and conclusions are drawn based on the evidence. The writer concludes that the paper is significant because it examines a serious social issue that affects all members of the social order.
From the Paper "These reinforcements may occur through media, social group beliefs or through philosophies shared by others within the home. Reinforcements suggest that acts of aggression are acceptable, which leads to support for the motivation in committing criminal activity.
"Although it may be suggested by some within the social order that social learning theory can be used as a tool to blame television, movies or video games on the violent acts that are committed by youth, those applying the theory fail to see the complete cycle of events that lead to school shootings. Furthermore, it must be understood that this cycle of events that are discussed in social learning theory occur over an extended period of time, building to the moment of action. Therefore, social learning theory has the ability of not only identifying children that have been negatively impacted by their environment, but also using the information known regarding what affects children negatively to change their lives before violence occurs."
Abstract Social learningtheory states that people learn a behavior by imitating others and receiving rewards for this emulation. The paper describes the ways in which this theory is put into play in the way parents raise their children. The writer explains how social learningtheory is used to understand the differences in levels and types of aggressive behavior, as well as the influences of race, gender and family structure.
From the Paper "Bandura, a major proponent of social learning theory, states that the personality is learned within a social context, with the reciprocal interaction between the environment, the behavior, and the person (reciprocal determinism). The reciprocal determinism paradigm includes self-regulatory behavior, self-observation, judgmental processes, and self-response. Bandura's theory proposes that the personality is learned through the process of observation and imitation, symbols are used to achieve this phenomonen, and people are the self-regulators in the complex interaction with the environment (Corsini, 1977, p. 422; Feist, 1985, pp. 266-267, 270-284)."
Tags: parenting, imitation, reward, emulation, environment, social
